??????????lesson33outofthedarkness1【Newwordsandexpressions】

darknessn.黑暗explainv.解釋，敘述coastn.海岸stormn.暴風(fēng)雨towardsprep.向，朝；接近rockn.巖石，礁石shoren.海岸lightn.燈光aheadadv.在前面cliffn.峭壁strugglev.掙扎hospitaln.醫(yī)院★darkness

n．[u]黑暗，漆黑inthedarkness在黑暗中;反義詞brightness光明dark[da:k]adj.黑暗的;深色的;陰暗的adarkhorse黑馬（競賽中實(shí)力不明但被認(rèn)為可能獲勝的人）-ness名詞后綴happy+ness=happinesssad+ness=sadness★explainv.解釋，敘述，辯解，辯護(hù)，成為…的理由explainsth.tosb.向某人解釋某事explain+that/wh-從句解釋Canyouexplainthatquestiononceagain?

explainonself為自己的行為立場辯解-tion名詞后綴explanationn.解釋

donat-donationn.捐款★coastn.

海岸（地理意義上的海岸,海岸線等,感覺旁邊是巖石,很陡峭)eg.Weliveonthecoast．我們住在海濱?！飐hore湖或海的邊緣或水邊的狹長陸地，比coast范圍小。海岸，海灘eg.Sheswamtotheshore．她游到岸邊。beach--shore的傾斜部分，往往在漲潮時(shí)被漫過的bank河岸（江河，溪流的）★storm1)n．風(fēng)暴，暴風(fēng)雪（常用構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞）arainstorm暴風(fēng)雨aduststorm塵暴asandstorm沙暴brainstorm群策群力eg.Afterastormcomesacalm．（諺）雨過天晴，否極泰來。2)（喝彩，責(zé)難等的）嘈雜聲，（槍彈的）紛飛，（感情的）激動(dòng)...astormofapplause暴雨般的鼓掌喝彩

3)becaughtinastorm遭遇暴風(fēng)雨

becaughtintherain淋雨eg.Astorminateacup.小事惹起的軒然大波,小題大做，大驚小怪?！飏ockl)n．巖石eg.Thehouseisbuiltonarock．這些房子被建在巖石上面。climbuparock爬上巖石2)rock(candy)冰糖（美）(sugar)candy(英)3)V．搖動(dòng)，震動(dòng)，晃動(dòng)rockababytosleep/rockababyasleep搖嬰兒睡覺Ourboatrockedtoandfromonthewaves我們的船隨波擺來擺去。Rockyourbody，everybody.搖動(dòng)你的身體，晃動(dòng)身體。4)V．使（某人）震驚例:Thenewsofthepresident'sdeathrockedthecompany.總裁的去世震驚了整個(gè)公司rocktheboat（團(tuán)隊(duì)中某個(gè)人）興風(fēng)作浪，搗亂5）rock'n'roll搖滾樂20世紀(jì)50年代由黑人音樂和西部鄉(xiāng)村音樂混合而成Doyouknowanyotherstylesofmusic?FolkJazzPopLightmusicClassicRap

★light1)n．光線，光亮thelightofthesun陽光thelightofthelamp燈光thelightofthefire火光2)n．光源，尤指電燈turnonthelight打開燈turnoffthelight關(guān)掉燈eg.FromtheTVtower,wecanseethelightsofBeijing.從電視塔上，我們可以看到北京的萬家燈火。3)n．火柴，打火機(jī)等的火eg.Canyougivemealight?能借個(gè)火嗎？Putalighttosth點(diǎn)火accordingtoone'slights根據(jù)自己的判斷能力bringsthtolight揭露eg.Hispastwasbroughttolight．他的過去公布于眾。

★struggle1)v．斗爭strugglewithsb/fightwithsb和…打斗例:Thelandlordstruggledwiththethief.店主和小偷扭打在一起。struggleforsth為…斗爭，努力struggleagainststh反對(duì)…而斗爭fightforfreedom/struggleforfreedom為自由而戰(zhàn)eg.ChinesepeoplestruggleagainstJapaneseforeightyears.中國人民同日本侵略者斗爭了八年?！飄ospitaln．醫(yī)院anemergencyhospital急診醫(yī)院gointo(the)hospital住院/bein(the)hospitalleave(the)hospital出院住院，出院在美國英語要加the，在英國英語中則通常不加the。易混淆的詞hospitalityn．[u]殷勤招待，厚待['hospi'taeliti]givehospitalitytoapersonshowhospitalitytoaperson款待（某人）★ahead1)adj./adv.(空間性的)在前面，反義詞：behindeg.Hepassedmeandranahead.2)（時(shí)間性的）預(yù)先，事先thinkahead事先考慮plainahead事先計(jì)劃eg.Trytolookaheadtothefuture.事先計(jì)劃一下將來3)goahead朝前走；請隨便(回答請求時(shí)用)--CanIuseyourtelephone?--Ok,goahead.表語形容詞asleep睡著的alive活著的ahead前面的alight明亮的awake醒著的alone孤單的作用相當(dāng)于副詞，都放在名詞的后面（一般形容詞放在名詞的前面）Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhathadhappenedtoher.Oneafternoonshesetoutfromthecoastinasmallboatandwascaughtinastorm.Towardsevening,theboatstruckarockandthegirljumpedintothesea.Thensheswamtotheshoreafterspendingthewholenightinthewater.Duringthattimeshecoveredadistanceofeightmiles.Earlynextmorning,shesawalightahead.Sheknewshewasneartheshorebecausethelightwashighuponthecliffs.Onarrivingattheshore,thegirlstruggleduptheclifftowardsthelightshehadseen.Thatwasallsheremembered.Whenshewokeupadaylater,shefoundherselfinhospital.Questions1.Wheredidthegirlsetoutfromoneafternoon?2.Wassheinasmallboatoralargeone?3.Wheredidherboatstrike?4.Whattimeofdaywasit?5.Howlongdidshespendinthewater?6.Howfardidsheswim?7.Whendidsheseealightaheadofher?8.Wheredidshefindherselfwhenshewokeup?

Nearlyaweekpassesbeforethegirlwasableto_____whathadhappenedtoher.Oneafternoonshe_________fromthe_____inasmallboatandwascaught________.Towardsevening,theboat_________andthegirljumpedintothesea.Thenshe___________afterspendingthewholenightinthewater.Duringthattimeshecovereda______ofeightmiles.Earlynextmorning,shesawalight______.Sheknewshewasneartheshorebecausethelightwashighup________.Onarrivingattheshore,thegirl_________theclifftowardsthelightshehadseen.Thatwasallsheremembered.Whenshewokeupadaylater,shefoundherself________.FilltheblanksI)Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhathadhappenedtoher.passed/past當(dāng)pass用作動(dòng)詞和past用作介詞時(shí)，它們都有“過去”和“經(jīng)過”的意思.pass(動(dòng)詞)Hepassedmyhousethismorning.past(介詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞)Hewalkedpastmyhousethismorning.beableto與can的區(qū)別

beableto強(qiáng)調(diào)特定的，具體的能力，不僅強(qiáng)調(diào)了某種能力，實(shí)際做到了或可能做到；

can表示總的能力和客觀存在的能力。Hecouldwalkfortymilesadayinthepast.(能做到，但實(shí)際不一定做。)Hewasabletowalkfortymilesadaylastyear.（能做到，他實(shí)際做了。）whathappenedtosb.某人發(fā)生了什么whathadhappenedtosb.是它的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)II)Oneafternoonshesetoutfromthecoastinasmallboatandwascaughtinastorm.setout=setoff=beginajourney出發(fā)setoutfrom…

從……出發(fā)

setup建立becaughtinbecaughtin+災(zāi)難(突然)遇到/上(風(fēng)暴等)Hewascaughtinarainwhenheleft.遇上人用meet遇上災(zāi)難用becaughtin…Towardsevening,theboatstruckarockandthegirljumpedintothesea.Thensheswamtotheshoreafterspendingthewholenightinthewater.towardsevening天將黑的時(shí)候；天越來越晚spendmoneyonsth在某物上花費(fèi)spendtime（in）doingsth在某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間strike強(qiáng)調(diào)的往往是猛烈的撞擊“to”強(qiáng)調(diào)朝那個(gè)方向去,但沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)越來越近；“towards”朝那個(gè)方向去，強(qiáng)調(diào)距離越來越近

Duringthattimeshecoveredadistanceofeightmiles.Earlynextmorning,shesawalightahead.Sheknewshewasneartheshorebecausethelightwashighuponthecliffs.cover可籠統(tǒng)地表示“行過(一段路程)”，根據(jù)上下文可具體譯為“走過、飛過、游過”等。

eg.Bysunset,wehadcovered30miles.adistanceof+具體長度多長的距離，表示具體的距離theredarmycoveredadistanceof25000…alightahead前方的一盞燈(ahead放在被修飾詞的后面)aheadoftime=inadvance提前

Onarrivingattheshore,thegirlstruggleduptheclifftowardsthelightshehadseen.Thatwasallsheremembered.Whenshewokeupadaylater,shefoundherselfinhospital.on+V-ing相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由assoonas＝themoment或when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，assoonas＝themoment后面要加句子.on后面一定要加動(dòng)詞ing,承認(rèn)動(dòng)詞是由主句主語做的eg.onarrivinghome,itbegantorain.(錯(cuò)誤)兩個(gè)不同的主語，不能用on+動(dòng)名詞uptheclifftowardsthe用兩個(gè)介詞起到動(dòng)詞的作用，up在此處為介詞，表示“沿著……往上”【keystructures】表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞①

表示“上、下”的兩對(duì)小品詞是on和off，up和downJim’sstandingontheroof.Ihopehewon’tfalloff.Tom’sclimbingupthetree.Ihopehewon’tfalldown.②

表示“來、去”的一對(duì)小品詞是from和to/towards；for在有些動(dòng)詞后面也表示“往，向”的意思Hewentforhome.leavefor…動(dòng)身到某地(強(qiáng)調(diào)離開，出發(fā))setoutfor…動(dòng)身到某地headfor/to前往(強(qiáng)調(diào)“去”)③

表示“進(jìn)去，出來”這兩種方向的介詞為into(進(jìn)、入)和outof(從...出來)；表示“在某個(gè)地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用at(含有一種瞄準(zhǔn)的概念，方向性)，in，outof等；表目的地或位置往往用ataimat，fireat