Unit1Friendship英語(yǔ)必修一Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldUnit3TraveljournalUnit4EarthquakesUnit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroUnit1Friendship詞匯過(guò)關(guān)短語(yǔ)習(xí)得重點(diǎn)句型目標(biāo)解讀短語(yǔ)習(xí)得addup把某物加起來(lái)getsthdone讓某事被做calmdown安靜下來(lái)；讓某人安靜下來(lái)beconcernedabout關(guān)心；擔(dān)心gothrough經(jīng)歷；遭受；檢查；討論；被通過(guò)setdown放下；記下；讓某人下車(chē)aseriesof一系列todowith處理onpurpose故意地；有目的地atdusk黃昏時(shí)facetoface面對(duì)面nolonger不再takenonoticeof不注意1.短語(yǔ)積累短語(yǔ)習(xí)得sufferfrom受某事之折磨gettiredof對(duì)某事感到厭煩havetroublewith做某事有麻煩atthemoment目前；現(xiàn)在getalongwith與某人相處fallinlovewith愛(ài)上某人makefriendswith與某人交朋友2.It/This/Thatis(was)thefirst/second/third/lasttimethat...某人第一（二，三，最后等）次做某事在此句型中，若主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，即用is，以that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。若主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，即用was，以that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveeverenjoyedthiskindoffood.這是我第一次吃這種食品。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeeninformedofthechangeofthemeeting.這是他第三次被告知會(huì)議作了改變。即時(shí)強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：翻譯下列句子：重點(diǎn)句型1)那已經(jīng)是我第五次離開(kāi)家到廣州去學(xué)習(xí)。3.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatIhadseenthenightfacetoface.(從句時(shí)態(tài)用完成時(shí))這是我第一次目睹夜晚……句型提煉：Itis/wasthefirsttimethat…h(huán)ave/haddone(1)其中的it可用this或that替代；(2)first根據(jù)實(shí)際情況可改為second,third…等；(3)前面是is時(shí)，后面用have/hasdone；前面是was時(shí)，后面用haddone。(4)比較：Itis(about/high)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是某人該做某事的時(shí)候了(=Itistimeforsb.todosth.)。如：Itistimethatwestarted(=shouldstart).=Itistimeforustostart.是我們?cè)搫?dòng)身的時(shí)候了。Ignorethebellandgosomewherequiettocalmyourfrienddown.(P1)calmv.&adj.1)vt.使平靜，使鎮(zhèn)靜Thenursecalmedthelittleboybygivinghimsomecandy.保育員給那小男孩一些糖果，使他安靜了下來(lái)。Hetookadeepbreathtocalmhimself.他深吸了一口氣以使自己平靜下來(lái)。2)vi.平靜下來(lái)，鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)Theexcitedfootballfanscalmeddownatlast.激動(dòng)的足球迷最終平靜了下來(lái)。3)adj.（心境）平靜的，鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的;(天氣)平靜無(wú)風(fēng)的；（時(shí)代）和平安寧的目標(biāo)解讀Theseawascalmafterthestorm.經(jīng)過(guò)這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴后，大海平靜下來(lái)了。Afterthestormitbecamecalmagain.暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)后，天氣又恢復(fù)了平靜無(wú)風(fēng)。HewascalmwhenItoldhimthebadnews.當(dāng)我告訴他這個(gè)壞消息時(shí)，他很平靜?！驹~語(yǔ)辨析】calm,quiet,still與silentcalm平靜的，沉著的。指無(wú)風(fēng)浪的或人心情不激動(dòng)的。quiet平靜的，安靜的。指不吵鬧的或心境不煩躁的。still靜止的，不動(dòng)的。指（人體等）不運(yùn)動(dòng)的。silent沉默的，緘口的，寂靜的。指不講話(huà)或沒(méi)有聲音的。目標(biāo)解讀【拓展】calmdown平靜下來(lái)，鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)（既可作不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可作及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）Thecryingchildsooncalmeddown.哭鬧的小孩不一會(huì)就安靜下來(lái)了。Itwasdifficulttocalmdownthefootballfans.要使足球迷們平靜下來(lái)是有困難的。(注意：前例句的calm是不及物動(dòng)詞，后例句的calm是及物動(dòng)詞。)2.Addupyourscoreandseehowmanypointsyouget.addvt.&vi.增加：添加；（數(shù)字等）加（起來(lái)）；補(bǔ)充說(shuō)Addmorehotwater,please.請(qǐng)多加點(diǎn)熱水。Ifyouadd4to3,you’llget7.四加三得七。Addupthesefigures,please.請(qǐng)把這些數(shù)字加起來(lái)。Ishouldliketoaddthatwearepleasedwiththetestresult.目標(biāo)解讀【派生詞】additionn.增加，附加物；addern.「計(jì)」加法器【詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)】與add有關(guān)的詞組：addsth.tosth.把……加到（進(jìn)）……addto(=increase)增加addupto共計(jì)（無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）；意味著，等于說(shuō)addsth.up/together把……加起來(lái)，合計(jì)3.Tellyourfriendthatyouconcernabouthim/her.concernv.&n.1)vt.tohavesth.todowithorrelateto涉及，關(guān)系到（一般不用于被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)）Thisconcernsthehealthygrowthofchildrendeeply.這事對(duì)孩子們的健康成長(zhǎng)關(guān)系極大。目標(biāo)解讀2)vt.使擔(dān)心（掛念），使憂(yōu)慮（常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）We’reratherconcernedaboutfather’shealth.我們相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康。3)n.所關(guān)切的事，關(guān)心，擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂(yōu)It’snoconcernofmine.這事與我無(wú)關(guān)。Hismother’sonlyconcernwashowtomakehimstudyevenharder.他媽媽心里想的全是如何使他學(xué)習(xí)更刻苦。【詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)】有關(guān)concern的短語(yǔ)還有：beconcernedaboutas/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言目標(biāo)解讀beconcernedabout(for)

關(guān)心，掛念Weareallconcernedfor(about)hersafety.

我們大家都擔(dān)心著她的安全。我們需要注意，在這里從中文角度考慮，應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)，但是英語(yǔ)中卻必須用被動(dòng)，類(lèi)似這樣常用被動(dòng)來(lái)表示中文的主動(dòng)意義的詞組還有：beassociatedwith

與……聯(lián)合、聯(lián)系beattachedto附加于、隸屬于……bebasedon

以……為基礎(chǔ)becomposedof由……組成目標(biāo)解讀beconnectedwith與……連結(jié)、連接bedivorcedfrom和某人離婚beeducatedfrom從學(xué)校等畢業(yè)beemployedin從事于……beengagedto和某人訂婚beexposedto暴露于……，面臨于……befacedwith面對(duì)……befedup吃得過(guò)飽，對(duì)……極其厭倦behonoredwith／tobe（phr．）被授予……；因做……而感到榮幸beinvolvedin卷入、陷入……；專(zhuān)心于bemarriedto和某人結(jié)婚目標(biāo)解讀bepreparedtodosth準(zhǔn)備好了去做某事berootedin扎根于……besetin以……為背景beusedto＋v－ing（phr．）習(xí)慣于……behiddenin藏在某地bedressedin穿著beseated坐在另外還有表示情感情緒的動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)表示“感到……”時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：amazed，amused,annoyed，astonished，concerned，confused，delighted，disappointed，discouraged,disgusted，distressed，excited，frightened，interested,irritated，moved，pleased,puzzled，relieved，shocked，touched。目標(biāo)解讀4.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatIhadseenthenightfacetoface.facetoface面對(duì)面地，類(lèi)似的“名詞+介詞+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：handinhand，手牽手地arminarm手挽手地，sidebyside肩并肩地mouthtomouth嘴對(duì)嘴地backtoback背靠背地，背對(duì)背地，一個(gè)接一個(gè)，連續(xù)地；seeeyetoeye看法完全相同，完全同意，面對(duì)面看著(與see連用)；facetoface面對(duì)面地，當(dāng)面地，對(duì)立地；fronttofront面對(duì)面地；handtohand短兵相接地，逼近地，肉搏地；headtohead頭對(duì)頭地，面對(duì)面地，促膝地，交頭接耳地；hearttoheart開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公地，心連心地，貼心地，推心置腹地，坦率地，誠(chéng)懇地；目標(biāo)解讀kneetoknee膝靠著膝地，促膝地；mantoman個(gè)人對(duì)個(gè)人地，一對(duì)一地，人盯人地，私下地，坦率地，真誠(chéng)地；nosetonose面對(duì)面地，迎面(相遇)；shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地，齊心協(xié)力地，互助，一致，團(tuán)結(jié)；5.Istayedawakeonpurpose.(P2)stayvi.&linkv.1)vi.停留；逗留Thedoctortoldhimthathewouldhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks.醫(yī)生告訴他，他還得在醫(yī)院住兩個(gè)星期。2)linkv.保持，持續(xù)不變(=keep)Howcanyoustaysocoolandcalmaftersuchahotargument?目標(biāo)解讀這樣一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)論過(guò)后，你怎么還能保持如此冷靜沉著呢？【詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)】系動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)記憶：“變化”類(lèi)：become，turn,go,get,grow,fall,run,come“感官”類(lèi)：feel,smell,taste,look,sound“顯現(xiàn)”類(lèi)：look,appear,seem“狀態(tài)”類(lèi)：keep,stay,remain,stand,sit,proveonpurpose故意地；有意地；有目的地Idon’tthinkhediditonpurpose,forheisreallyakindperson.我認(rèn)為他不是故意這樣做的，因?yàn)樗娴氖且粋€(gè)好人。on在這里表示處于某種狀態(tài)或在某個(gè)方位，類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有：onboard乘（車(chē),飛機(jī)）oncall聽(tīng)候召喚onduty值班onearth到底目標(biāo)解讀onfire著火onfoot步行onguard在崗onhire雇用onholiday度假onleave休假ononesknees跪下onone’sway在……的路上onpurpose故意onsale待售onshore在岸上ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)onthemove行動(dòng)ontheotherhand另一方面onthespot當(dāng)場(chǎng)onthetipofone’stongue快要說(shuō)出口ontopof在……的頂部onwatch值班6.Makealistofreasonswhyfriendsareimportanttoyou.(P2)reasonn.&v.1)n.「C,U」原因，理由，動(dòng)機(jī)，理性，理智目標(biāo)解讀Thereasonwhy(that)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.【提示】reason后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系副詞why或that，也可以省略。Ihaveagoodreasonfordoingthat=Ihaveagoodreasontodothat.我那樣做是有充分的理由的。【提示】reason后的定語(yǔ)常是介詞短語(yǔ)for(doing)sth.,或不定式todosth.【詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)】①forthis(that)reason因?yàn)檫@個(gè)/那個(gè)原因②byreasonof由于，因?yàn)?)vt.&vi.推理，推究，勸說(shuō)Wereasonedthathewaslying.我們推斷他在說(shuō)謊。FinallyIreasonedhiminto/outofacceptingtheinvitation.最終我說(shuō)服他接受（拒絕）邀請(qǐng)。目標(biāo)解讀【詞語(yǔ)辨析】reason與causereason側(cè)重指做某事的理由；cause指導(dǎo)致不良后果的起因?！猈hat’sthereasonforyourabsence?你為什么缺席？——Thereasonforitisthatthetrafficwasheavy.我缺席的原因是交通擁擠。Thecauseofthebigfirewashiscarelessness.大火的起因是他的粗心大意。【派生詞】reasonableadj.合情合理的；reasonablyadv.合情合理地；reasonedadj.合乎邏輯的目標(biāo)解讀直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化

Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.

Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.陳述句用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語(yǔ)中常省略。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可直接用引語(yǔ)中的said,也可用told來(lái)代替，注意，可以說(shuō)saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接說(shuō)toldthat解題步驟:1.陳述句:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.saiddidn’tsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.Sarah一般疑問(wèn)句

Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.間接引語(yǔ)用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等)，語(yǔ)序是陳述句的語(yǔ)序

2.一般疑問(wèn)句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)They

asked

himifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.it

is

easytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimif

itwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊疑問(wèn)句

Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”

Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞作為間接引語(yǔ)的連詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用ask(sb.)來(lái)表達(dá)，語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序3.特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyou

harvest

thewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.選擇疑問(wèn)句

Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”

Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.

用whether…or…表達(dá)，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…5.注意地點(diǎn)的變化在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)需要注意的變化1.注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化2.注意人稱(chēng)變化。3.注意指示代詞的變化4.注意時(shí)間的變化6.注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化需要注意幾點(diǎn)：1.直接引語(yǔ)表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.2.

如果直接引語(yǔ)所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)同樣有效，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)可不變Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Theytoldusthattheylovethatgame.3.主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，在引述時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”1.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候2.當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)部分帶有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)3.當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有以when,while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間時(shí)4.當(dāng)引語(yǔ)是諺語(yǔ)、格言時(shí)5.當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need時(shí)

從句時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)須改變的還有以下情況:

直接引語(yǔ)

間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)方向性動(dòng)詞

this,

that,

these

those

now,

then,

today

thatdaythisweek

thatweekyesterday

thedaybefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

fourdaysago

fourdaysbefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrowthenextdaynextmonth

thenextmonthhere

therecome,

go,bringtake

直接引語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞間接引語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞shallshouldshouldShould（不變）willwouldwouldWould（不變）maymightmightMight（不變）cancouldcouldCould（不變）mustMust/hadtoExercises:1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”

3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”

Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.

5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.

6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.7.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.Readerscan________quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough高考鏈接C解析：答案C。本題主要考查具體語(yǔ)境中g(shù)et短語(yǔ)的用法。全句意為：盡管讀者不知道每個(gè)單詞的確切含義，但他們能夠很好得讀懂，即讀書(shū)進(jìn)展得順利，故用getalong。2.It’shardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall高考鏈接B解析：答案B。本題考查了fallinlove在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的應(yīng)用，從標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)attheageofseven看，賓語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容意指過(guò)去。在虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中，若指過(guò)去，從句中動(dòng)詞形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用would/should/might/could/havedone。3.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor_______abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices高考鏈接B解析：答案B。Advice若作“忠告，勸告，建議”講，無(wú)論什么情況下都不可數(shù)，故A、C、D各項(xiàng)均屬錯(cuò)誤。Advice前不能用不定冠詞，但可被some，much，alotof/lotsof，apieceof，abitof，awordof等修飾。4.Iwonderhowhe____thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay高考鏈接D解析：答案D。本題主要考查了dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的基本用法。作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，dare有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，故daretosay與主語(yǔ)he相悖；daredoing結(jié)構(gòu)本身錯(cuò)誤；dare的否定形式應(yīng)為darenotdo(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)或don’t/doesn’t/didn’tdare(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)todo。

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld詞匯過(guò)關(guān)短語(yǔ)習(xí)得重點(diǎn)句型目標(biāo)解讀短語(yǔ)習(xí)得playarole/partin

在……中起作用bebasedon以……為依據(jù)becauseof因?yàn)閟uchas例如，像……這樣的comeup走近thenumberof……的數(shù)量alargenumberof許多makegoodfulluseof充分利用1.短語(yǔ)積累1.TheyarecalledworldEnglishesandtheyincludeCanadian,British,AmericanandIndianEnglish.（P9）includevt.包括，包含Thebillincludestaxandservice.

賬單中包含了稅金和服務(wù)費(fèi)。Yourdutiesincludecheckingthelettersandsortingthemout.Tenstudentstookpartinthecompetition,includingthreegirls.Tenscientists,sixwomenscientistsincluded,werepresentatthemeeting.【重要提示】including一般位于名詞或代詞的前面，included則位于名詞或代詞的后面【詞語(yǔ)辨析】include/contain/holdinclude強(qiáng)調(diào)“包括，作為整體的一部分”，側(cè)重范圍或整體。contain著重“其中包含有”，指在一定范圍或容器內(nèi)容納某物，側(cè)重包含的內(nèi)容或成分。目標(biāo)解讀hold指“能容納”Thebookcontainstenchapters,includingAmericanLiterature.ThiskindoffruitcontainslotsofvitaminCandB.這種水果富含維生素C和B。Thehallholds200people.這個(gè)大廳能容納200人。2.WorldEnglishescomefromthosecountrieswhereEnglishplaysanimportantroleasafirstorsecondlanguage,eitherbecauseofforeignruleorbecauseofitsspecialroleasaninternationallanguage.（P9）becauseof是復(fù)合介詞，表原因，意為“因?yàn)椤?，后接名詞、代詞、或賓語(yǔ)從句。because作連詞，后跟句子。以原因狀語(yǔ)從句形式表明主句的根本原因。目標(biāo)解讀Hewaslatenotonlybecauseofhisillnessbutalsobecausehemissedthetrain.【詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)】表示“由于”的短語(yǔ)還有：thanksto“多虧，由于”，只能作狀語(yǔ)Thankstoyouradvice,muchtroublewassaved.dueto可以作表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，不可位于句首Theaccidentwasduetothestorm.owingto可以作狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于dueto.Tom’sfailingintheexamwasowingtohiscarelessnessOwingtohiscarelessdriving,theaccidentoccurred.asaresultof“由于”，作狀語(yǔ)onaccountof“因?yàn)椤?，作狀語(yǔ)目標(biāo)解讀3.Wouldyoupleasecomeuptomyflatforavisit?(P9)comeup上來(lái)，過(guò)來(lái)；Achildcameuptomeandshowedmethewaytothestation.(走近，上來(lái))Theskywasdarkblueandclearwhenthemooncameup.(升起)Yourquestioncameupatthemeeting.(被提出討論)【詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)】comeupwith想出（計(jì)劃，答案）comeout出來(lái)，（花）開(kāi)，出版；結(jié)果是comeabout發(fā)生comeacross偶然遇見(jiàn)comealong一起來(lái)，一道走；進(jìn)展；進(jìn)步cometo共計(jì)，達(dá)到4.EnglishisalsospokeninmanyothercountriesinAfricaandAsia,suchasSouthAfrica,SingaporeandMalaysia.(P10)【詞語(yǔ)辨析】suchas,forexamplesuchas意為“例如，諸如……之類(lèi)的”，用來(lái)列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)。如果要把同類(lèi)人或事物全部列舉出來(lái)，用thatis或namely。Alotofthingscanberecycled,suchaswastepaper,wasteplasticbags,andoldbatteries.forexample舉例說(shuō)明，列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的“一個(gè)”，作插入語(yǔ)，且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，可位于句首、句中或句末。Mostboysinmyclasslikephysics.Tom,forexample,showsaspecialinterestinit.5.Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.(P13)目標(biāo)解讀such與all,no,some,any,few,little,many,much,several,one等詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)位于它們的后面。Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.世上沒(méi)有免費(fèi)午餐之類(lèi)的好事兒。Therearethreesuchmistakesinyourcomposition. 你的作文中有三個(gè)這樣的錯(cuò)誤。6.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.(P10)thenumberof...表示“……的數(shù)量”alargenumberof相當(dāng)于agood/greatmany或many，表示“許多的，大量的”其后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可跟不可數(shù)名詞。如：Thenumberoftreesonthedesertedmountainisover200,000.在那片荒山上種植的樹(shù)木數(shù)量已超過(guò)二十萬(wàn)棵。Agreatmany(Anumberof)visitorscometothePalaceMuseumeveryyear.每年有大量的游客故宮參觀。目標(biāo)解讀Rulesandpracticeofdirectandindirectspeech

當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)要用一個(gè)帶動(dòng)詞不定式的簡(jiǎn)單句表示：

祈使句

直引：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+“祈使句”間引：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+toVerbe．g．Theteachersaidtome,“Comein.”—Theteachertoldmetogoin。Johnsaidtome,“Pleaseshutthewindow?！薄狫ohnaskedmetoshutthewindow。Theteachersaidtome,“Don’tbelateagain.”----Theteacheradvisedmenottobelateagain.

特別提醒

1.祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，主要使用動(dòng)詞不定式。2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要做一定變化。表示命令，用tell，order，command等。表示請(qǐng)求，用ask，beg，request等。表示忠告，用advise。

Openthewindow.DirectspeechIndirectspeechMissHutold**toopenthewindow.Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?MissHuasked**toopenthewindow.toldtoaskedtoDon’topenthewindow.MissHutold**nottoopenthewindow.not“Writealettertoyourparents.”“Don’tplaygamesintheclassroom.”“CanyoupassonthebooktoTom?”“Willyoupleasenotsmokehere?”Theteachertoldmetowritealetter….Theteacherorderedmenottoplaygames….Theteacheraskedmetopasson…Theteacheraskedmenottosmokethere.Trytodothis:“Itisafineday.Let’sgotothecountryforapicnic.”P(pán)etersaidtome.Petersaidthatitwasafinedayandaskedmetogotothecountryforapicnicwithhim.Petertoldmethatitwasafinedayandletusgotothecountryforapicnic.

感嘆句

直引：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+“感嘆句”間引：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+陳述句e.g.Hesaid,“whatafinedayitis!”Hesaid,“Howfinethedayis!”

Hesaidwhatafinedayitwas.Hesaidhowfinethedaywas.Heexclaimedthatitwasafineday.特別提醒

1.間接感嘆句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是cry或exclaim。2.可以仍用what，how等詞，語(yǔ)序不變，也可以用that從句，把動(dòng)詞say改為cry，shout，exclaim等。

1.HesaidtoTom,“Don’tdotheworkanymore.”HetoldTomnottodotheworkanymore.Practice2.Mrs.Greensaid,“Pleasesingusasong,MissWhite.”3.“Bequiet,children.”saidMrs.Wilson.Mrs.GreenaskedMissWhitetosingthemasong.Mrs.Wilsontoldthechildrentobequiet.4.Allthepeoplecried,“Whatmagnificentclothestheseare!”Allthepeoplecriedwhatmagnificentclothesthesewere.高考鏈接：Wewon’tgiveup_______weshouldfail10times.(1993年上海）

A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until2.—Idon’thaveanychangewithme.Willyoupaythefareforme?(2000年上海）

----________.A.That’sfineB.NothingseriousC.NevermindD.Noproblem3.----DoyoumindifIkeeppetsinthisbuilding?----_______.(2000上海）

A.I’dratheryoudidn’t,actuallyB.Ofcoursenot,it’snotallowedhereC.Great!IlovepetsD.No,youcan’t4.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.(2003年北京）A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake5.Visitors____nottotouchtheexhibits.(NMET2001)A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequestedUnit3Traveljournal詞匯過(guò)關(guān)短語(yǔ)習(xí)得重點(diǎn)句型目標(biāo)解讀1.重點(diǎn)單詞拼寫(xiě)詞匯過(guò)關(guān)1)HispaperwillbepublishedintheBritishMedicalJ

nextmonth.【答案】Journal2)Wecan’t

goodsinrailways.【答案】transport3)Iknewyouwouldbetoos

tolistentomyadvice.【答案】stubborn4)II

thatyougotothehospitalimmediately;youareveryill.【答案】insist5)Areyoudoingthetaskinthep

way?【答案】proper詞匯過(guò)關(guān)6)Thesizeofyourfeetd

thesizeofyourshoes.【答案】determines7)Whatisyoura

totheidea,agreeordisagree?【答案】attitude8)Hehasagiftforlanguage,andheisf

withthreelanguages.【答案】familiar9)Hebrokether

inhighjumpintheAsianGames.【答案】record10)Iwasverybusythatday,buthep

metotakepartintheparty.【答案】persuaded2.重點(diǎn)詞詞形變換詞匯過(guò)關(guān)1)The

ofliveanimalsisforbidden.(transport)【答案】transportation/transporting2)Theyscoredinthe

minuteofthegame.(finally)【答案】final3)Afteralittlegentle

,Mr.Brownagreedtoletusin.(persuade)【答案】persuasion4)Her

todowellmadeherkeeponstudying.(determine)【答案】determination5)The

areallfromChina.(cycle)【答案】cyclists詞匯過(guò)關(guān)6)Thewomanshowedgreat

ingoingintotheburningbuildingtorescuethetrappedchild.(brave)【答案】bravery7)Theeventshavebeenthe

ofconversationforweeks.(topic)【答案】topics8)Theyoungladywantedtobuyapairoftennis

.(short)【答案】shorts9)Makesurethejobisdone

.(proper)【答案】properly10)Thetouristswerecaughtinthesnowstorminthe

area.(Tibet)【答案】Tibetant返回單元菜單四﹑詞組互譯將下列詞組或短語(yǔ)翻譯成中文或英語(yǔ)。1._____________從那以后2._____________喜歡3._____________關(guān)心，憂(yōu)慮4.____________________改變注意5.____________________下決心，決定6._____________投降，讓步7.______________照常8.______________在午夜9.________________夢(mèng)見(jiàn)，向往10.______________樹(shù)立，搭起eversincebefondofcareaboutchangeone’smindmakeupone’smindgiveinasusualatmidnightdreamabout/ofputup11.befamiliarwith_____________12.inourdailylife______________________13.persuadesbtodosth_________________14.adeterminedlook_____________________15.graduatefromtheuniversity_______________16.fromwhereitbeginstowhereitends____________17.liebeneaththestars______________18.putupthetent________________19.takeabiketrip__________________20.theattitudetowardssth_______________對(duì)熟悉在我們的日常生活中勸說(shuō)某人去做某事一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神從大學(xué)畢業(yè)從源頭到終點(diǎn)躺在星空下支起帳篷騎自行車(chē)旅行對(duì)某事的態(tài)度短語(yǔ)習(xí)得keepatraveljournal寫(xiě)旅游日記seetheworldthroughone’seyes透過(guò)眼睛看世界agreetosth同意onthe/one’sjourney在旅途中asusual照例；像往常一樣stayawake保持清醒keepaskingsb.不斷問(wèn)onewayfare單程票atanaltitudeof5,000meters在海拔5000米的地方dreamabout/of(doing)sth.夢(mèng)想做……graduatefromcollege大學(xué)畢業(yè)persuadesb.todosth.勸說(shuō)某人做某事geterestedindoingsth.使……對(duì)……感興趣1.短語(yǔ)積累短語(yǔ)習(xí)得careabout關(guān)心;考慮adeterminedlook堅(jiān)決的表情changeone’smind/changeone’sattitudechangeourminds改變想法makeupone’smindmakeupourminds決定givein投降;上交giveintosb./sth.屈服；同意……passthrough穿過(guò)flowthrough流經(jīng)……makecamp扎營(yíng)putupthetent支帳篷foronething,...foranother,...一方面……另一方面……familiartosb.為……所熟悉indetail詳細(xì)地2.從上面列舉的短語(yǔ)中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)模钊胂旅娴目崭裰?)She

beingfamousoneday.【答案】dreamsabout2)Theonlythingheseemsto

ismoney.【答案】careabout3)O’Neilwas

topressurefromLondontohurrythereform.【答案】givingin4)Howcanwe

him

politics?【答案】get,interestedin5)Katedidn’twanttobuythatskirt.

,itwasveryexpensive;

itsstylewasoutoffashion.【答案】

Foronething,foranother短語(yǔ)習(xí)得五﹑詞組運(yùn)用根據(jù)句子所提供的語(yǔ)境，從第四大題中選出一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。1.IhadadinnertogetherwithAuntLintwoyearsagoandwehaven’tmet__________then.2.Mostofmyclassmates___________sports,andsoamI.3.Heissoselfishasto___________himselfonly.4.Oncehe__________________todosomething,hewillnot___________________again.makesuphismindchangehismindeversincearefondofcareabout5.Thepoorgirl____________herparentslivingfarawayatmidnightandcouldnothelpcrying.6.LiHuihadto_____________tohisteammatesintermsoftheexpenseforactivity.7.Thepolicemanwenttowork_________and_________anoticeboardreading:Noparkinghere.dreamedofgiveinasusualputup六、介詞填空請(qǐng)用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.Whatisthedifference____pronunciation___________thetwowords?2.Frankcame_____themorningofmybirthday.3.Pleasewrite____inkanddon’tforgettowrite______everyotherline.4.Theshiphasbeenfloating_____thewaterforaweek.5.Shelooksquiteyoung_____herage.6.Youradviceis______greatvaluetous.7.Wealllook_____himasagoodteacher.8.Wemustlearntotellright______wrong.9.Youdidright_____advisinghimnottotaketherisk.10.Japanlies______theeastofChina.Inbetweenoninononforofonfrominto1.ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.(P18)此句包含英語(yǔ)中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：it+is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+原句其余部分。要注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分表示“人”的話(huà)，用that/who,其他情況下都用that.ItwasJackwho/thatbrokethewindowyesterday.重點(diǎn)句型即時(shí)強(qiáng)化練習(xí):用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型翻譯下面句子1)我是在那棵樹(shù)下面撿到這只錢(qián)包的。2)是他把窗戶(hù)的玻璃打破的嗎？3)你是因?yàn)槭裁炊鴽](méi)有參加會(huì)議的？【答案】1)ItwasunderthetreethatIpickedupthewallet.2)Wasithewho/thatbroketheglassofthewindow?3)Whywasitthatyoudidn’tattendthemeeting?2.Areyouworkingthisevening?(P21)此句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)areworking來(lái)表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。I’mwritngthecompositionatnight.重點(diǎn)句型即時(shí)強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：翻譯下面句子今天下午一位美國(guó)來(lái)賓將在禮堂舉行一場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)講座。【答案】

AnAmericanguestisgivingEnglishlectureinthehallthisafternoon.返回單元菜單1.Ihavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.(P18)dreamabout:

做夢(mèng)；夢(mèng)見(jiàn)Idreamtaboutyoulastnight.dreamof/about:

夢(mèng)想，幻想Wedreamofbuyingourownhouse.2.Whenwegraduatedfromcollege,wefinallygotthechancetodoit.(P18)graduatefrom:

(大學(xué)或中學(xué))畢業(yè)WangMinggraduatedfromBeijingUniversitywithadegreeinlaw.finally:adv.

最后，終于final:adj.

最后的，決定性的n.決賽目標(biāo)解讀【詞語(yǔ)辨析】finally,atlast,intheend，eventuallyfinally:可以表示時(shí)間位置，相當(dāng)于atlast/intheend;還可以表示時(shí)間的先后順序，如同first(ly),second(ly),then,last。atlast:只指時(shí)間位置，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)周折、等待、耽誤的“最后、終于”出現(xiàn)所期待的結(jié)果。intheend/eventually:只指時(shí)間位置，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)周折、等待、耽誤的“最后、終于”出現(xiàn)所期待的結(jié)果（相當(dāng)于atlast）或者出現(xiàn)非期待的結(jié)果。3.Thenshepersuadedmetobuyone.(P18)persuade:vt.

說(shuō)服;信服persuasion:n.

說(shuō)服persuasive:adj.

有說(shuō)服力的目標(biāo)解讀persuadesb.todosth/intodoingsth.

說(shuō)服某人干某事persuadesb.nottodosth/outofdoingsth

說(shuō)服某人別干某事persuadesb.ofsth.

使某人信