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雅思詞匯語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)第四節(jié)主講：董偉娜課程大綱第1次課：句子的主干，延展和修飾第2次課：句子的合并（1）：并列第3次課：句子的合并（2）：包含；相交；相離本課程的特點(diǎn)：真題例句，合適句長(zhǎng)話題中心，情景學(xué)習(xí)精講精練，互動(dòng)參與第1次課：主干的修飾三、主干的修飾名詞（n.)動(dòng)詞(v.)adj.adv.介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)doing/done/tododoing/done/todo引導(dǎo)詞+句子（定從）引導(dǎo)詞+句子（狀從）(一)名詞的修飾三、主干的修飾1.adj.+n.+adj.短語(yǔ)naturalresourcesmodernindustryculturalchangeathree-stageprocess(三個(gè)階段的過(guò)程）thematerialnecessarytotheinvention【練】theteacher/befriendlytothescientist/befamiliarwithChinesehistoryThestudent/bekeenonthemusic三、主干的修飾2.名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)（介詞+n.)ThepeopleintheurbanareaThepublications_____thenativelanguageThesolution____theproblemsastone_____hopeamountain_____despairacrucialpart_____thedevelopment三、主干的修飾【練1/2】互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是當(dāng)今世界所有知識(shí)和信息的關(guān)鍵。（劍6,G,TB,W）TheInternetisthekey.Key-----toalltheknowledgeandinformationinthisworldtoday.(介詞短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展名詞）.三、主干的修飾【練2/2】從國(guó)內(nèi)政治到國(guó)外政治的信息Information````Informationfrom```to```Informationwhichisfrom```to```Informationrangingfrom```to```三、主干的修飾3.doing/done+名詞+doing/done/todoA________(sleep)boyThedictionary_________(publish)in1604Thebook___________(publish)byacertainJohnsonTheability______________(express)himselfinEnglishTheactor_______(hire)byMilgram位置：短前長(zhǎng)后三、主干的修飾UFO

UnidentifiedFlyingObjectIELTSInternationalEnglishlanguageTestingSystem三、主干的修飾【練1/8】剝削階級(jí)(exploit)

善解人意的人(understand)Theexploiting

class=theclassthatexploitsothersAnunderstanding

man=amanwhocanunderstandother’sfeelings三、主干的修飾【練2/8】所有這些活動(dòng)都有可能產(chǎn)生破壞性的影響。（劍3,T2,R）Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamaging

impacts.三、主干的修飾【練3/8】companiesemploypeoplewhohaveoverseasbackground.(定語(yǔ)從句）````peoplehavingoverseasbackground.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)）三、主干的修飾【練4/8】Shewouldliketotalkwiththeboywhoworkedwithher.

(定語(yǔ)從句)````theboyworkingwithher.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)）三、主干的修飾【練5/8】Mostgirlsprefertomarry

themanwhohasthesenseofresponsibility.(定語(yǔ)從句)```themanhavingthesenseofresponsibility.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)）三、主干的修飾【練6/8】Thelungsandbrainsofchildrenwhogrowupinpollutedairofferfurtherevidenceofitsdestructivepower.(劍3,T4,R)(定語(yǔ)從句)···childrengrowingupinpollutedair

`````(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)）三、主干的修飾【練7/8】Inaland_______

(被臺(tái)風(fēng)席卷的）and________(被地震搖晃的）,howhaveJapan’stallestandseeminglyflimsiestoldbuildingsremainedstandingforcenturies?(劍7，T2，R）[hit]Sweep;shakeSweptbytyphoon

Shakenbyearthquake三、主干的修飾【練8/8】newsfromYahooPolicehunting

thekillerofapart-timepoliceofficerstabbed（刺殺）outsideherhomeinnorthwestLondonareseekingamanwearingahoodedtop（有兜帽的上衣）seenrunningawayfromthescene.三、主干的修飾【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】:分詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞.【練1/2】看電影耗費(fèi)時(shí)間。Watchingmovies（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）istime-consuming.【練2/2】減少私家車(chē)可以節(jié)省能源。Reducingtheprivatecars（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）isenergy-saving.三、主干的修飾結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞n.(adj./adv.)+doing/doneEg:維和部隊(duì)peacekeepforcePeace-keepingforce&peace-keptforce三、主干的修飾意思作用外部關(guān)系分詞與修飾名詞之間的關(guān)系（keep---force)決定現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。Peace-keepingforce三、主干的修飾吃人的野獸maneatbeastMan-eatingbeast遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)的政治家farseepoliticianAfar-seeingpolitician三、主干的修飾人造纖維manmakefiberMan-madefibers以美國(guó)為首的盟軍U.S.leadcoalitionU.S.-ledcoalition三、主干的修飾【練】國(guó)有企業(yè)stateownenterprise

新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)newelectpresident驚動(dòng)世界的消息earthshakenewsKEY:State-ownedenterprisenewly-electedpresidentearth-shakingnews(二)動(dòng)詞的修飾（二）動(dòng)詞的修飾1.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞Herarelygoestoschoolbybus.Heranveryfast.Theyweretalkingloudly.（二）動(dòng)詞的修飾2.介詞短語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Thebookwaspublishedonalargescale.三、主干的修飾3.doing/done/todo,句子.Thestudentdeliberatelygavethewronganswer,bringingonvariouselectricalpunishments.Accompaniedbyhermother,shejoinedthecompetitionlastweek.Theexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesis.Totestthehypothesis,theexperimentwasdesigned.三、主干的修飾分詞作狀語(yǔ)的意義：時(shí)間，方式，原因，條件，讓步，結(jié)果，伴隨和補(bǔ)充狀語(yǔ)等等。三、主干的修飾1.條件狀語(yǔ)【練1/2】Therefore,jogginganddieting,carriedtoextremes,canbehazardous.因此，慢跑和節(jié)食，若是太過(guò)度，就可能很危險(xiǎn)。Carriedtoextremes=iftheyarecarriedtoextremes.三、主干的修飾【練2/2】睡得很沉，如果被叫醒，睡眠者會(huì)迷迷糊糊，失去方向感。（劍5,G,TA,R）【基本表達(dá)】Ifheisawoken,``【分詞表達(dá)】IfawokenTheslumberissodeepthat,ifawoken,thesleeperwouldbeconfusedanddisorientated.三、主干的修飾2.方式狀語(yǔ)InItalianlegends,mermaidscomeashore,marrymen,andbearthemchildren.Butintimetheirmermaidwivesdeserttheirhusbandsandtaketheirchildrenawaytothedepthoftheocean.TheChinesesaythemermaidspasstheirtimeweaving.Whentheyweep,theirtearsturnintopearls.Themermaidspasstheirtimeweaving.三、主干的修飾3.伴隨狀語(yǔ)【練】現(xiàn)在許多農(nóng)民返回傳統(tǒng)的種植方式，參照他們祖先的方式去處理各種特殊的病蟲(chóng)害問(wèn)題。（劍3,T2,W）Nowmanyfarmershaverevertedtotraditionalfarmingmethods,referringto

theirancestors’waytohandlespecificpestofdiseaseproblems.三、主干的修飾擴(kuò)展：【練】Theexpertsalwaysdisagreethelatterpointandbelievethat`````.(雅思寫(xiě)作）Theexpertsalwaysdisagreethelatterpoint,believingthat````.三、主干的修飾4.原因狀語(yǔ)【練1/3】由于重病在身，他再也不能清楚地說(shuō)話?！净颈磉_(dá)】becausehegotsickseriously,hewasnolongerabletospeakclearly.【分詞表達(dá)】Gettingsickseriously,he```.Affectedwithaseriousdisease,hewas```.三、主干的修飾【練2/3】因?yàn)橄胫隙〞?huì)遲到，布朗太太決定打的?！净颈磉_(dá)】becauseshethinkshemustbelate,MissBrowndecidedtotakeataxi.【分詞表達(dá)】Thinking

shemustbelate,MissBrowndecidedtotakeataxi.三、主干的修飾【練3/3】目光長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的人對(duì)困難泰然處之,因?yàn)樗麄冎罆r(shí)間往往使不可能的事情成為可能。Thosewhotakethelongviewarepatientwithdifficulties,becausetheyknowthattimeoftenmakestheimpossiblepossible.Thosewhotakethelongviewarepatientwithdifficulties,knowingthattimeoftenmakestheimpossiblepossible.第2次課：句子的并列句子的并列1.句子并列的要求：詞性和形式保持對(duì)等。寫(xiě)作練習(xí)：livinginthecityismoreinterestingthanlivinginthecountry.Travelingabroadcanlearnnewcustoms,enlargeyourhorizonsandmakenewfriends.Latinwassuitableforaninternationalaudienceofscholars,whereasEnglishreachedasociallywider,butmorelocal,audience.句子的并列閱讀練習(xí)Inpurelyscientificterms,Baekeland'smajorcontributiontothefieldisnotsomuchtheactualdiscoveryofthematerialtowhichhegavehisname,butratherthemethodbywhichareactionbetweenphenolandformaldehydecouldbecontrolled,thusmakingpossibleitspreparationonacommercialbasis.Itthenfellfromfavouragainduringthe1950s,andwasdespisedanddestroyedinvastquantities.句子的并列GraemeRitchie,acomputationallinguistinEdinburgh,studiesthelinguisticstructureofjokesinordertounderstandnotonlyhumourbutlanguageunderstandingandreasoninginmachines.Theseabruptchangeswillproduceeitherpositiveornegativefeelings.句子的并列Humans,whohavedevelopedamuchmorecomplicatedinternallifeasaresultoflanguage,respondemotionallynotonlytotheirsurroundings,buttotheirownthoughts.