現(xiàn)在完成時Winterhasalreadycome，willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已經(jīng)來了，春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎？主語+have/has+過去分詞（pp）助動詞表示“有”現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)Winter

has

already

come，willitstillbefarinspring?主語+have/has+過去分詞（pp）否定形式haven’t(havenot）+過去分詞hasn’t(hasnot)+過去分詞疑問句把助動詞have/has放在句首現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)注：主語若是第三人稱單數(shù)助動詞用has現(xiàn)在完成時1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2000IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforeightyears.Ihavelivedheresince2000/eightyearsago.Ihavebeenlivinghereforeightyears.Mother:Dearson,cleanyourteethplease.Son:Mum,Ihavealready(已經(jīng))cleaned

them.Mother:Dear,tellyourfathertohavebreakfastplease.Son:Mum,dadhashad

breakfast

.Father:Tellyourmothertobuysomemilk,son.Son:Oh,shehasjust(剛剛)boughtsome.Mother:Dear,youmustcleanourhousetoday?Father:Honey,wehavejust(剛剛)cleanedourhouse.1、規(guī)則變化（過去分詞與過去時變化規(guī)則一樣）(1)、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---workedvisit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“d”。live---lived

過去分詞(3)、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，再加“ed”。，study---studied---studiedcry---cried---cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stoppeddrop---dropped--dropped2、不規(guī)則變化（過去分詞與不規(guī)則動詞的過去式形式一樣）have—had—hadspend—spent—spentmake—made—madensay—said—saidfind—found—foundhear—heard—heard3、不規(guī)則變化（過去分詞與過去式形式不一樣）take—took—takenspeak—spoke—spokensing—sang—sungdrive—drove—drivenbe—was/were—beengo—went—gone4、不規(guī)則變化（過去分詞，過去式與動詞原形一樣）cut—cut—cutput—put—putlet—let—letread—read—read動詞的過去分詞形式1.規(guī)則動詞2.不規(guī)則動詞finishlivecarrystopgoseeforget--finished

--finished--lived

--lived--carried

--carried--stopped

--stopped---went—gone---saw—seen---forgot--forgotten抄寫動詞以及過去式和過去分詞。1.e—3.go--4.do—5.have--6.drink—7.give--8.eat–9.know--10.make—11.run--12.say—13.see--14.find—15.draw--16.get—17.hear--18.begin—19.buy--20.leave—was/were--beencame--comewent--gonedid--donehad-haddrank--drunkgave--givenate--eatenknew--knownmade--maderan--runsaid--saidsaw-seenfound--founddrew--drawngot--gotheard-heardbegan--begunbought--boughtleft--left現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasjustcomeback.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.2)表示過去發(fā)生的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihave

already

lostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解書的內(nèi)容)Ihave

just

cleanedmyhands.(手是干凈的)常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))等詞連用.

already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑問句尾.3)表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語連用。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.

HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?常與for,since引導(dǎo)的時間短語或從句連用.for+時間段since+時間點(diǎn),since+句子注：并非所有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這里工作了)Ihaveworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作）since:(自…以來)1)since+時間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長達(dá)）for+時間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______mybirthday.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsinceHehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過上海。hasgonetoswh.:某人去了某地，還沒有回來．havebeentoswh.:曾經(jīng)去過某地，已經(jīng)回來．辨析havegoneto和havebeento辨析havebeento和havegonetoMyfatherhasgonetoShanghaiforameeting.他（已經(jīng)）去了上海。MyfatherhasbeentoShanghaiforameeting.他（曾經(jīng)）去了上海。ShehasbeentoChina.她（曾經(jīng)）去過中國。（人已經(jīng)回來了）havebeentosomeplace.曾經(jīng)去過某地，已經(jīng)回來．hasgonetosomeplace.某人去了某地，還沒有回來．ShehasgonetoChinalastweek.上周她去了上海。（人可能回來了也可能沒回來）用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—______youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_____you_____?—I_____________London.4.—David_____________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere?—No,he__________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.hasgonetoHavebeentohavebeentohavebeenhavebeentohasgonetohasgoneto

常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間副詞,介詞:already(已經(jīng)):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已經(jīng)):用于否定句,疑問句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(剛剛)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾經(jīng))HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(從不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自從…以來)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(長達(dá))He’slivedinShepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在過去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前為止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前為止)thismorning/month/year(今天早上/這個月/今年)真題解析1.Bytheendoflastyearwe_____morethan200studentsofEnglishallovertheprovince.(02)A.trainedB.wouldhavetrainedC.hadtrainedD.havetrained2.Catherineisoneofthebrighteststudentswho_____fromtheDepartmentofComputerScience,BrownUniversity.(02)A.isgraduatedB.hasgraduatedC.aregraduatedD.havegraduated3.Theystartedoffatabout5o’clockinthemorning.Theyshould____therebynow.(02)A.arriveB.havebeenarriving C.havearrivedD.bearriving4.Allen__anygoodjobsincehecametoNewYorkCitytwoyearsago.

A.hasn'tfoundB.didn‘tfindC.doesn'tfind D.hadn‘tfound(03)5.It'sreportedthatbytheendoflastmonththesaleofthecompany______by10%.(04)A.hasrisenB.hadbeenrisingC.hadrisen D.hasbeenrising6.Maryhasalotofletterstowritetoday.She___allafternoonandshe_____yet.(05)A.hasbeenwriting;hasn’tfinishedB.haswritten;hasn’tfinishedC.writes;doesn’tfinishD.wrote;didn’tfinish7.Thenumberofgirlsreceivingcollegeeducation__________inthecountryduringthepast10years.(06)A.isdoubledB.hasdoubledC.wasdoubledD.haddoubled8.Theoldmanwenttotheinformationcentersoonafterhisarrivalasthecity______somuch.(07)A.ischangingB.changesC.hadchangedD.haschanged9.ItisoverayearnowsinceIcametothecompany,butI____themanageryet.(08)A.haven’tmetBdidn’tmeetCdon’tmeetDwouldn’tmeet10.Youcan'tdoanythingelseuntilyou

yourhomework.(09)A.finishedB.willfinishC.havefinishedD.hadfinished11.Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentstobeadmitted

atthattime.A.hadnotbeendecidedonB.werenotdecidedon(09)C.hasnotbeendecidedonD.arenotdecidedonHomework:

模擬試卷：P8，6P16.17P30.19P37.15P37.20

寫出下列動詞的過去式及過去分詞。1leave-________-_______2catch-________--________3tell-________--_________4stand-______--______5get-_______--________6hurt-________--_________7put-_______--_________8come-_______--________9run-________--_________10begin-________--_________11swim-_________--________12draw-_________--_________13know-________--__________14do-_______--________15go-_______--_________16give-_______--_______17see-_______--________18drive-_______--________19take-______--_______20be-________--________21eat-_____--______22write-_______--______23speak-______--________24steal-_______--________25tear-_______--________left

left

caught

caught

told

told

stood

stood

got

got

hurt

hurt

put

putcamecomeranrunbeganbegunswamswumdrewdrawnknewknowndiddonewentgonegavegivensawseendrovedriventooktakenwas,werebeenateeatenwrotewrittenspokespokenstolestolentore