概要寫(xiě)作Summarywriting高考新題型Whatisasummary?It'sa

shortstatement(陳述）thatcoversonlythemainpoints

ofsth,notthedetails《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》Warmingup&Leadingin概要：用簡(jiǎn)短扼要(brief)的語(yǔ)言客觀(objective)全面(thoroughly)呈現(xiàn)要點(diǎn)。Example：Agroupofgreatteachersfromotherclasseshappilycametoourbeautifulandfriendlyclass.Teacherscame（toourclass）

Themainidea:Ignore:theunnecessarydetails

Read:agiven

passage(about350words)Write:

a

60-word

summary（一段60詞）

cover3-5points（3-5個(gè)要點(diǎn)）

useyourownwords（自己的語(yǔ)言）

inthethirdperson（第三人稱）

usethebriefsentences（簡(jiǎn)明扼要）

properconnection

(恰當(dāng)銜接）Part1Requests?(高考寫(xiě)作要求）Whatisagoodsummary?概要寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔（21–25points）：1.理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋所有要點(diǎn)2.準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯3.完全使用自己的語(yǔ)言。(60-80W)4.有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊contents(內(nèi)容)languageskills(語(yǔ)言)structure(結(jié)構(gòu))Onceuponatime,industrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Ifyouboughtacarorastove,itwasaonce-in-a-lifetimeinvestment.Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,andyoutookcareofit.Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiledchildren.Thiswastefulnesshasgotusintothegreattroubleweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwewillstarttotakecareofwhatwehave.Butwhycan’tweactbeforethishappens?Whycan’twetrytobuildasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?（182W）Step1.Understandthewholepassageandgraspthekeypoints.Onceuponatime,industrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Ifyouboughtacarorastove,itwasaonce-in-a-lifetimeinvestment.Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,andyoutookcareofit.Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiledchildren.Thiswastefulnesshasgotusintothegreattroubleweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwewillstarttotakecareofwhatwehave.Butwhycan’tweactbeforethishappens?Whycan’twetrytobuildasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?概要寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)1Howtogetthekeypointsquicklyandcorrectly?(如何快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉要點(diǎn))抓住主題句或關(guān)鍵信息，忽略次要信息Para1：Onceuponatime,industrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Ifyouboughtacarorastove,itwasaonce-in-a-lifetimeinvestment.Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,andyoutookcareofit.detailedexample忽略具體事例topicsentence概要寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn)2Howtoexpressthekeypointsbyusingyourownwordsproperly?(如何靈活詮釋，規(guī)避抄襲的嫌疑)characteristicsOnceuponatime,industrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.___________________,industrialgoodsweremade_____________________.Sometimeago;Inthepast;Decadesagotobeusedforalongtimetofunctionwellforalongtime;durable(耐用的)近義詞替換Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,

andyoutookcareofit.Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurable.spentmuchmoneyontreasuretreatitkindlyYouspentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurableYouspentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Para1.useitcarefullyNowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!topicsentencedetailedexamplescharacteristicsresult忽略具體事例Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!1.Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.2.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.3.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.ModernIndustrymadeusbelieveconvincednotpermanentModernindustryhasconvinced

usthatproducts

arenotpermanent.short-lived近義詞替換2.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem.Itismoreexpensivetorepairthemthantothrowthemaway.改變主語(yǔ)（形式主語(yǔ)）正話反說(shuō)、反話正說(shuō)Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.改變句式resultinModernindustryhasconvinced

usthatproducts

arenotpermanent.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem,whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Para2.Para3：提煉相關(guān)信息Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiledchildren.Thiswastefulnesshasgotusintothegreattroubleweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwewillstarttotakecareofwhatwehave.Butwhycan’tweactbeforethishappens?Whycan’twetrytobuildasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?過(guò)渡句Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolateThiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresourcesandweneedtotakeaction.Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresourcesandweneedtotakeaction.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.Para3.Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresources.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurable.Wespentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Modernindustryhasconvinced

usthatproducts

arenotpermanent.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem,whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresources.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.(71W)Polishyourwriting有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊19~21分However,Therefore,Step1：Step2:Step3:Step4:讀懂文章大意抓住主題句或關(guān)鍵信息，忽略次要信息Howtowriteagoodsummary?Conclusion靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言，對(duì)關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行改編添加有效連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives（添加劑）causedcancer.

Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings（包裝）offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilarthingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.

Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.（201W）Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives（添加劑）causedcancer.

Para1：

(1.)Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.(2.)Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.(3.)Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.1.Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.

2.Although

sciencehasgreatlyimproved

thequalityofourfoods,

someare

stillunsafe

toeat.(3.)Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.3.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.

Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.

Although

sciencehasgreatlyimprovethequalityofourfoods,

someare

stillunsafe

toeat.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.

Para1：Para2：Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings(包裝)offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.

(1.)Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappingsoffoodsarehelpfulorharmful.(2.)Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.(3.)Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.

1.Wecanhardlytell

whether

theadditivesinourfood

areharmfulornot.2.

Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.

(3.)Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.

3.

Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.Wecanhardlytell

whether

theadditivesinourfood

areharmfulornot.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.Para2：Para3：Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestostopsuchthings,butinvain.Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.

Although

sciencehasgreatlyimprovedthequalityofourfoods,

someare

stillunsafe

toeat.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.

Wecanhardlytell

whether

theadditivesinourfood

areharmfulornot.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestostopsuchthings,butinvain.(77W)it有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊because∧Weightlossismostlikelytobesuccessfulwhenpeoplechangetheirhabits.Hereareseveralwaystomakethathappen.Regularphysicalactivityburnscaloriesandbuildsmuscles---bothofwhichhelpyoulookandfeelgoodandkeepweightoff.Walkingthefamilydog,cyclingtoschool,anddoingotherthingsthatincreaseyourdailylevelofactivitycanallmakeadifference.Onereasonpeoplegetlessexercisethesedaysisbecauseofanincreasein“screentime”---theamountoftimespentwatchingTV,lookingatthecomputer,orplayingvideogames.Limitrecreationalscreentimetolessthan2hoursperday.Whenyoureallygetawayfrom“screens”,suchasTV,computers,IPadormobilephones,youwillreallybenefitalot.Portionsizesarebiggerthantheyusedtobe,andtheseextracaloriescontributetoobesity.Anotherkeyfactorinweightgainisthatmorepeopledrinksugarydrinks,suchassodas,juicedrinks,andsportsdrinks.Sochoosesmallerportions(orsharerestaurantportions)andgoforwaterorlow-fatmilkinsteadofsoda.Peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenfeelsohungrythattheyeatmorelateron.Sotheygetmorecaloriesthantheywouldhaveiftheyatebreakfast.Infact,peoplewhoskipbreakfasttendtohavehigherBIMsthanpeoplewhoeatbreakfast.Ifyoureallyputtheaboveintopracticeatonce,youwilldefinitelyreduceyourweightgradually.Andwishyouhaveagoodfigure.Weightlossismostlikelytobesuccessfulwhenpeoplechangetheirhabits.Hereareseveralwaystomakethathappen.Regularphysicalactivityburnscaloriesandbuildsmuscles---bothofwhichhelpyoulookandfeelgoodandkeepweightoff.Walkingthefamilydog,cyclingtoschool,anddoingotherthingsthatincreaseyourdailylevelofactivitycanallmakeadifference.

Changingsomehabitsmaybeagoodwaytoloseweight.Ifpeoplechangetheirhabits,theywillsurelysucceedinlosingweight.Whetherpeoplecanloseweightornotdependsontheirlivinghabits.Takingmorephysicalexercisewillmakemuchdifferencetopeople’shealth.Increasingtheamountofregularexercisewillbenefitpeoplealot.Onereasonpeoplegetlessexercisethesedaysisbecauseofanincreasein“screentime”---theamountoftimespentwatchingTV,lookingatthecomputer,orplayingvideogames.Limitrecreationalscreentimetolessthan2hoursperday.Whenyoureallygetawayfrom“screens”,suchasTV,computers,IPadormobilephones,youwillreallybenefitalot.Portionsizesarebiggerthantheyusedtobe,andtheseextracaloriescontributetoobesity.Anotherkeyfactorinweightgainisthatmorepeopledrinksugarydrinks,suchassodas,juicedrinks,andsportsdrinks.Sochoosesmallerportions(orsharerestaurantportions)andgoforwaterorlow-fatmilkinsteadofsoda.Itisnecessarytolimit“screentime”ifpeoplewanttoloseweight.Wearesupposedtoreduce“screentime”.Stickingtosmallerportionsandavoidingsugarydrinkscontributetoweightloss.Watchingoutforportionsizesanddrinkingwaterinsteadofsugarydrinksarealsoakeytoweightloss.Peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenfeelsohungrythattheyeatmorelateron.Sotheygetmorecaloriesthantheywouldhaveiftheyatebreakfast.Infact,peoplewhoskipbreakfasttendtohavehigherBIMsthanpeoplewhoeatbreakfast.Ifyoureallyputtheaboveintopracticeatonce,youwilldefinitelyreduceyourweightgradually.Andwishyouhaveagoodfigure.Peopleshouldavoidskippingbreakfast.Skippingbreakfastisactuallynotawisewaytoloseweight.Peoplewillhaveagoodfigureiftheytaketheabovesuggestions.Changingsomehabitsmaybeagoodwaytoloseweight.Takingmorephysicalexercisewillmakemuchdifferencetopeople’shealth.Wearesupposedtoreduce“screentime”.Stickingtosmallerportionsandavoidingsugarydrinkscontributetoweightloss.Peopleshouldavoidskippingbreakfast.Peoplewillhaveagoodfigureiftheytaketheabovesuggestions.(58W)First,Meanwhile,BesidesFinally

Knowingthegenre,knowingtheoutline

narrative(記敘文)1.story(5w+1h):who,what,whenwhere,why,how)2.event（beginning-development-ending)exposition(說(shuō)明文)1.介紹事物→描述性質(zhì)/功用2.問(wèn)題→解決方法3.現(xiàn)象→原因→本質(zhì)

argumentation(議論文)thetopic→thesupportingevidence→writer’sviewStep1genre,topic,topic

sentences,points,formStep2.

RewritethekeyinformationofeachpartStep3.considertheoutlineanditslogicStep4.WritethefirstdraftStep5.RevisethesummaryStepsofSummaryWritingPracticemakesperfect!HomeworkReadthegivenpassageandthenwritea60-wordsummary.Ratseatourfoodormakeitsodirtythatitisn'tfitforpeopleatall.That'swhypeopleoftenkillthembylayingdownpoison.Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.Theratshaven'ttouchedit,eventhoughitisnearthefoodwhichtheyeat.Peoplethinktheymustbecleverandcunning.Somescientistshavebeentryingtofindthebestwaytopoisonrats.Theyhavewatchedtoseejustwhataratdoesdayandnight.Theyhavefoundoutthatratsaren'tsoclever.Theyarejustveryshy.

Ratsusuallyliveinholes.Theyrunfromtheseholestotheplaceswheretheyeatanddrink.Theyhavespecialpathsonwhichtheytraveleachtime.Sotheyknowtheirpathsquitewell.

Ifanythingnew,suchasstoneorwood,isputinthepath,theratswon'tgonearitatfirstastheyaretoofrightened.Itwilltakethemmanydaystogetoverthefear.Theyarealsofrightenedtogonearaplacethattheyknow,wheresomethinghasbeentakenaway.Ifapathgoesaroundarock,theratsfollowthesamepatharoundtherockeachtime.Iftherockistakenaway,theywillstillrunroundtheplacewheretherockwas!Theywon'tcrosstheemptyplace,whichisnowopentothem,eventhoughitwouldbequicker.

Ratswillalwayskeepawayfromanythingunusualtothem.That'swhytheywon'teatpoisononthefirstorsecondnight.Theyusuallywon'tgoanywherenearitforaboutfourdaysuntiltheygetusedtobeingthere.Eventhentheyonlyeatalittleatatime.Ifpeoplewanttokillratswithpoison,alltheyhavetodoistoleaveitoutforafewdays.Oncetheratshavegotusedtoit,theywilleatitanddie.（331W）THANKS(1).Ratseatourfoodormakeitsodirtythatitisn'tfitforpeopleatall.(2).That'swhypeopleoftenkillthembylayingdownpoison.(3).Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.(4).Theratshaven'ttouchedit,eventhoughitisnearthefoodwhichtheyeat.(5).Peoplethinktheymustbecleverandcunning.(6).Somescientistshavebeentryingtofindthebestwaytopoisonrats.(7).Theyhavewatchedtoseejustwhataratdoesdayandnight.(8).Theyhavefoundoutthatratsaren'tsoclever.(9).Theyarejustveryshy.Para1：(3).Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.(5).Peoplethinktheymustbecleve