2023/2/2虛擬語(yǔ)氣SubjunctiveMood(I)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在英語(yǔ)中，表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句、也可用于名詞性從句和固定句型等.本節(jié)課我們主要學(xué)習(xí)if條件從句表示現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)和過(guò)去情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。【觀察體會(huì)】請(qǐng)看下圖及對(duì)話，體會(huì)表示現(xiàn)在的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。A:Whydon’tourgrandchildrenvisitusmoreoften?B:Theydon’thaveenoughtime.Iftheyhadmoretime,theywouldvisitusmoreoften.2023/2/2A:IwonderwhyFredworkssohard.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustlikehisjob.A:Ifhedidn’tlikehisjob,hewouldn’t

worksohard.【觀察體會(huì)】請(qǐng)看下圖及對(duì)話，體會(huì)表示過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。A:Whydidn’tPetertakehisumbrellatoworktoday?B:Hedidn’tknowitwasgoingtorain.Ifhehadknownitwasgoingtorain,hewouldhavetakenhisumbrellatowork.一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣e.g.IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

if條件從句

主句

if+主

+

一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be多用于were）

主would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

won

thelottery,I

would

buyavilla.IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.IfI

got

somuchmoney,Iwould

goshopping.a.Ifthey_____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenc.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask

2）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反

if條件從句

主句

if+主

+

haddone(過(guò)去完成時(shí)）

主would/should/could/might＋havedone

Ifhe_________(see)youyesterday,he____________________(return)yourbook.如果他昨天見(jiàn)到了你，他就會(huì)還你的書(shū)的。hadseen

wouldhavereturnedIfhe__________(drive)morecarefully,he_________________(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI__________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtc.IfI________(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneIfyousucceeded,everythingwould

beallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

如果他成功了，一切就會(huì)好起來(lái)。

3）與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

if條件從句

主句

If+主+

一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodo

主would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形

Ifhe____________,what_______wesaytohim.假如他來(lái)了,我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？Ifhe___________me,he_____________me.

假如他看見(jiàn)我,就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。

shouldwereto

comeshouldseewould

knowa.Ifthere_________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupc.IfRobots______________(control)theworldsomeday,here_________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe主從句的謂語(yǔ)形式含義If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+

V.(原)werehadwerewereshouldSummary與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldn’thavemissedthebus.__________________,youwouldn’thavemissedthebus.如果條件句中有were,had,should

等這些詞,可將if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,來(lái)表達(dá)以if引導(dǎo)的條件句的相同意思。注意二.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝Hadyoucomeearlier

二.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifitshould/weretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.

三、主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。（錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句）e.g.Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.

例句中從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。Ifhe_________(notmiss)

thetrain,

he_____________(arrive)herethen.比較Ifhe_________(notmiss)

thetrain

yesterday,he_________(arrive)herenow.wouldhavearrivedhadn’tmissedwouldarrivehadn’tmissed

鞏固thenIfthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.如果這兩位微笑著的飛行員現(xiàn)在不轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭的話，可怕的事情將會(huì)發(fā)生。Ifthetwosmilingpilotsdidn’tturnaroundnow,aterriblethingwouldhappen.Iftheyhadn’tdonesuchastupidthing,theywouldn’tgethurtnow.

如果他們不干這種傻事的話，現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)受傷了。IfIhadstudiedEnglishwellatschool,Iwouldgetthejobnow.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的話，我現(xiàn)在就可以得到這份工作了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣完成下列對(duì)話。1.A:Whydoesn’tSallygetgoodgrades?B:Shedoesn’tstudyenough.If___________________________________________2.A:Whydon’tIfeelenergetic?B:Youdon’tsleepenough.If_____________________________________