Welcome動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一.什么叫時態(tài)?

在英語中,發(fā)生在不同時間的謂語動作或狀態(tài)要用不同的謂語動詞形式表示;有時候,發(fā)生在同一時間的謂語動作或狀態(tài),由于說話者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的方面不同,也要用不同的謂語動詞形式表示.這里所說的不同的謂語動詞形式就是我們常說的不同的謂語時態(tài).二.時態(tài)跟時間狀語有關(guān)1.一般現(xiàn)在時

(often/always/sometimes/usually/occasionally/atpresent/everymorning…)

Childrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveryquickly.Everydaysheisthelasttoleavetheoffice.構(gòu)成法:is/am/are,do/does

2.一般過去時

(often/always/occasionally/5daysago/lastweek/5dayslater/after5days/theyearbeforelast/onJuly1,1986…)OftenIdidnotseePapauntiltheevening.Healwayswenttoworkonfoot.IwasborninJuly,1987.3.一般將來時

(infuture/inthefuture/fromnowon/soon/in5years/nextyear/inthe22ndcentury…)Infuture,we’ll

pay

moreattentiontotheprotectionofourenvironment.Myfatherwillbebackhomeinafewdays.

構(gòu)成法:動詞過去式構(gòu)成法:will/shall

+動詞原形(“is/am/areto+動詞原形”或“is/am/aregoingto+動詞原形”)4.過去將來時(soon/inafewdays/thenextweek…)

Johntoldmethathewouldgoabroadthenextday.Thegovernmentpromisedthathelpwouldcomesoon.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(now/justnow/atthemoment…)Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.6.過去進(jìn)行時(then/at10yesterdaymorning/thistimeyesterday/atthattime…)Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterdayevening?構(gòu)成法:would/should+動詞原形構(gòu)成法:is/am/are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:was/were+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞7.將來進(jìn)行時

(thistimetomorrow/at8nextMonday/whenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai…)WhenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai,we

willstillbesleeping.8.現(xiàn)在完成時

(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sincetheygotmarried/sofar/inthepastfewdays/inthelast3years/inrecentyears,uptonow…)Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheriver.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenillforseveraldays.構(gòu)成法:will/shallbe+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:has/have+動詞過去分詞9.過去完成時(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/by2000/bythetimeWorldWarIIbrokeout/afewyearsbefore…)Bysixo’clock,theyhadworkedtwelvehours.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadgonetobed.Whenhewokeup,everythinghadchanged.10.將來完成時(bytheendofthisyear/bythetimeIgraduatefromcollege…)BythetimeIgraduatefromcollege,Ishallhave

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.

構(gòu)成法:had+動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成法:will/shallhave+動詞過去分詞11.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

(fortwohours/since5o’clockthismorning…)Ihavebeenwaitingforyousince5o’clockthismorning.12.過去完成進(jìn)行時

(foralongtime/since1999…)

Howlonghaditbeenrainingbeforeyoushutthewindow?構(gòu)成法:has/havebeen+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:hadbeen+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成時過去進(jìn)行時狀語從句的動詞時態(tài)考查比例較大的幾點(diǎn)歷年高考題練習(xí)表示動作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。一般過去時僅僅說明動作在過去，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。常與一些時間狀語連用：如：already;yet;bythistime;just;ever;never;now;before;lately等?，F(xiàn)在完成時

例一：---Where__you__thekey?I___ityet.A.did,put;didn’tfindB.did,put;haven’tfoundC.have,put;haven’tfoundD.have,put;didn’tfindB

例二：---Oh,it’syou!I____you.---I’vejusthadmyhaircutandI’mwearingnewglasses.didn’trecognizeB.hadn’trecognizedC.haven’trecognizedD.don’trecognizeA2.Itisthefirst/second…timethat從句。的從句中一般用現(xiàn)在完成時。另外：“Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句…”中，從句動詞通常用過去時，主句用完成時?，F(xiàn)在完成時

例三：---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.havegoneB3.有些瞬間性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。要連用時須用狀態(tài)動詞。成對的詞有：Become/be;die/bedead;leave/beaway;jointhearmy/servethearmy…現(xiàn)在完成時

例四：NMET84年

She___Robertforayear.A.marriedB.marriedwithC.hasbeenmarryingD.hasbeenmarriedtoDMarry是瞬間性動作，不能和for+時間段的狀語連用。要表示狀態(tài)的用hasbeenmarriedtosb.“和某人結(jié)婚”是marrytosb.過去進(jìn)行時1.過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。這一特定的時間可用時間狀語連用。如：atthattime;at8o’clock;when…也可用上下暗示。

例五：

IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworkedB

例六：Shirley___abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswritingD

例七：----Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!----Oh,I’mterriblysorry,______.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnoticeB2.過去進(jìn)行時常用于由when、while、as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，表示背景，引出由一般過去時表示的新動作。或：過去進(jìn)行時（表示背景）+when+一般過去時（新發(fā)生的動作）。此時when相當(dāng)于atthattime;justthen.

例八：ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravelA時間、條件、程度狀語從句中動詞的時態(tài)在once,incase,onconditionthat,if,unless,aslongas等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，though,although,nomatter加疑問詞以及疑問詞與ever構(gòu)成的合成詞引出的讓步狀語從句中以及themore…themore

結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的程度狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句中的動詞用一般將來時，從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。

例九：Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedD

例十：Ifit___tomorrow,thesportsmeetwillnotbeheld.A.rainsB.willrainC.goestorainD.shallrainA3.有部分動詞(主要是短暫性動作動詞)可以用進(jìn)行時代替

將來時,即:用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時代替一般將來時,用過去進(jìn)行時代替過去將來時.

(也可用將來時)Areyoudoinganythingspecialthisevening?

=Areyougoingtodoanythingspecialthisevening?I’mafraidhe’s

dyingsoon.=I’mafraidhe’lldiesoon.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.=IwastoldshewouldleaveforNewYorkthenextday.4.在以下短語后面的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時:

makesure,makecertain,seetoit,besure等.Pleaseseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingthelab.

5.凡是按預(yù)定時間表將要發(fā)生的動作也可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,例如:汽車、火車、輪船、飛機(jī)、上下課等.

(也可用一般將來時)Hisplanetakesoffat11:30.Let’shurryandseehimoff.6.含有always的謂語用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表示反感、反對、贊揚(yáng)、欣賞等感情色彩.Sheisalwaysthrowingherthingsaround.總結(jié)性練習(xí)1.WhenIwasatcollegeI___threeforeignlanguages,butI

allexceptafewwordsofeach.A