Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars同步練習(xí)Ⅰ.閱讀理解InLosAngeles,driversspendsixty-onehourseveryyearstuckintraffic.Thesedriversknowalltoowellhowbadthetrafficcanbe.“There'retoomanycars,andyoucan'tmovearoundalot.”ProfessorCyrusShahabialsoknowsabouttrafficjams.Helivesmorethan65kilometersfromhisofficeattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,inLosAngeles.Heisalwayslateevenwiththehelpofanavigation(導(dǎo)航)system.HedecidedtodevelopaprogramcalledClearPathforthat.Hesayshisprogramuseshistoricaldatatopredicttrafficconditionsevenbeforethedriverleavesthehouse.“What'suniqueisthatweusealotofdatathat'scurrentlybecomeavailableincludingtrafficdata,weatherdata,andweanalyzethatsothatwecanpredictwhat'sgoingtohappeninfrontofyouwhenyouleavehome.”ProfessorShahabisayshissystemdoesmorethanjustrespondtocurrenttrafficconditions.WithClearPath,hesays,adrivercandecidewhattimehewantstoleave,andClearPathwillgivethefastestroute.Itlooksattheentireroadnetwork,includingsurfacestreetsaswellashighways,beforethedriverhitstheroad.ProfessorShahabihopestohaveClearPathavailablenationwideandoverseasoncetheycancollecttrafficdatafromothercities.“IalwaysthoughtthatLosAngeleshadtheworsttraffic,butnowIknowthatShanghai,Beijing,Seoul,Tokyo,believeitornot,Singapore,HongKongcertainlyareexamplesthatcanimmediatelyusethis.”ProfessorShahabihopestosharethisnewtechnologywithcompaniesthatalreadyhavenavigationsystems,suchasGoogleandApple.1．DriversinLosAngeleswerementionedinorderto______.A．showcareforthem B．introducetheirlifeC．solvetrafficproblems D．raisethetopic2．WhatisuniqueaboutClearPath?A．Itcanusealotofinformationallovertheworld.B．Itcanensurethatyouwillneverbelateforwork.C．Ithelpsdriversseeclearlywhathappensontheroad.D．Ithelpsdriversknowtheroadconditionsaheadoftime.3．Theunderlinedword“hits”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans________.A．haveanaccident B．gettoC．turnleftorright D．collecttrafficdata4．What'sProfessorShahabi'sattitudetowardhisinvention?A．Disappointed. B．Proud.C．Optimistic. D．Worried.答案與解析1．D寫作意圖題。通過舉例來引起下文，提出主題。2．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中What'suniqueisthatweusealotofdatathat'scurrently...sothatwecanpredictwhat'sgoingtohappeninfrontofyouwhenyouleavehome.可知。3．B詞義猜測(cè)題。由本段上一句可知，在司機(jī)出發(fā)之前，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)會(huì)對(duì)路況進(jìn)行分析。4．C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段可知，ProfessorShahabi希望自己的發(fā)明能夠得到進(jìn)一步推廣，對(duì)前景很樂觀。Ⅱ.完形填空DaleCarnegierosefromtheunknownofaMissourifarmtointernationalfamebecausehefoundawaytofillauniversalhumanneed.Itwasaneedthathefirst__1__backin1906whenyoungDalewasajunioratStateTeachersCollegeinWarrensburg.Togetan__2__，hewasstrugglingagainstmanydifficulties.Hisfamilywaspoor.HisDadcouldn'taffordthe__3__atcollege,soDalehadtoridehorseback12milestoattendclasses.Studyhadtobedone__4__hisfarmworkroutines.Hewithdrewfrommanyschoolactivities__5__hedidn'thavethetimeorthe__6__.Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.Hetried__7__thefootballteam,butthecoachturnedhimdownforbeingtoo__8__.DuringthisperiodDalewasslowly__9__aninferioritycomplex(自卑感),whichhismotherknewcould__10__himfromachievinghisrealpotential.She__11__thatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthat__12__inspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.Daletookhismother'sadvice,trieddesperatelyandafterseveralattempts__13__madeit.Thisprovedtobea__14__pointinhislife.Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgainthe__15__heneeded.BythetimeDalewasasenior,hehadwoneverytophonorin__16__.Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandthey,__17__，werewinningcontests.Outofthisearlystruggleto__18__hisfeelingsofinferiority,Dalecametounderstandthattheabilityto__19__anideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson'sconfidence.And,__20__it,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.1． B．filledC．supplied D．recognized2． B．educationC．a(chǎn)dvantage D．instruction3． B．boardC．teaching D．equipment4． B．duringC．over D．through5． B．whenC．because D．though6． B．interestC．talent D．clothes7． B．forC．in D．with8． B．flexibleC．optimistic D．outgoing9． B．a(chǎn)chievingC．developing D．obtaining10． B．protectC．save D．free11． B．demandedC．required D．insisted12． B．practiceC．patience D．potential13． B．certainlyC．finally D．naturally14． B．breakingC．basic D．turning15． B．experienceC．competence D．confidence16．riding B．footballC．speech D．farming17．return B．inbriefC．inturn D．infact18． B．overcomeC．understand D．build19． B．stressC．contribute D．repeat20． B．beyondC．like D．with答案與解析本文為記敘文，主要介紹美國(guó)著名的人際關(guān)系學(xué)大師戴爾·卡耐基是如何通過演講克服自卑走向成功的故事。1．D此處表示這是在1906年他第一次認(rèn)識(shí)到的一種需要。故用recognize“認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識(shí)到；了解”。2．B根據(jù)下文提到的他的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷可知，此處表示他想接受教育。故用education。3．B他家庭很窮，他父親付不起食宿費(fèi)，因此他要騎馬往返學(xué)校。training“訓(xùn)練”；board“食宿”；teaching“教學(xué)”；equipment“設(shè)備”，根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。4．A他不但要在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作，也要去上學(xué)。between“在……之間”符合語境。5．C他放棄許多學(xué)?；顒?dòng)，因?yàn)樗麤]有時(shí)間或合適的服裝。此處表示原因，故用because。6．D根據(jù)下文的“Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.”可知，此處表示沒有參加這些活動(dòng)的服裝。7．B此處表示他為了進(jìn)足球隊(duì)努力過，但被教練拒絕。for表示目的。8．A只有l(wèi)ight“輕”才能符合教練拒絕的理由。此處表示他身材矮小，體重輕。flexible“靈活的”；optimistic“樂觀的”；outgoing“外向的”。9．C在這段時(shí)間里他慢慢地產(chǎn)生了自卑感。gain“獲得”；achieve“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；develop“發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)，形成”；obtain“獲得”。此處表示慢慢培養(yǎng)的一種過程，故用develop。10．A他母親知道這會(huì)阻止他發(fā)揮他的潛能。prevent...fromdoing“阻止……做某事”。11．A根據(jù)下文第三段開頭“Daletookhismother'sadvice.”可知，此處表示他母親對(duì)他的提議。故只有suggest合適。12．B母親認(rèn)為讓他參加辯論小組，通過演講可以讓他獲得信心。presence“在場(chǎng)”；practice“練習(xí)”；patience“耐心”；potential“潛能”。故B項(xiàng)正確。13．C他聽從母親的建議，發(fā)奮努力，經(jīng)過幾次嘗試最終獲得成功。finally“最后；終于”符合句意。14．D這次成功對(duì)他來說是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。aturningpoint“一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”符合語境，表示他由自卑轉(zhuǎn)為自信。15．D根據(jù)上下文可知他通過演講最終獲得他所需要的信心。progress“進(jìn)步”；experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷”；competence“能力”；confidence“信心”。D項(xiàng)符合語境。16．C根據(jù)上文提到的speaking可知，他在演講方面獲得每一個(gè)最高榮譽(yù)。故用speech。17．C他開始指導(dǎo)學(xué)生演講，而他們也反過來贏得了多場(chǎng)比賽。inreturn“作為回報(bào)”；inbrief“簡(jiǎn)言之”；inturn“反過來；依次”；infact“事實(shí)上”。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。18．B根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示他努力克服自卑。convey“傳達(dá)”；overcome“克服”；undertake“承擔(dān)，從事”；build“建立”。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。19．A此處表示通過演講來表達(dá)自己的想法，故要用express“表達(dá)”。20．D通過這段經(jīng)歷，他開始明白對(duì)觀眾表達(dá)思想的這種能力能讓人樹立自信。他也明白，只要有了自信，他就能做成任何自己想做的事情；別人也是如此。with表示“具有，帶有”；空格后的it指代前面提到的confidence。Ⅲ.語法填空Susan：I'msogladtoseeyou,David.__1__hasbeensuchalongtime.Howareyou?David：I'mfine,andyou?Susan：I'mjustwonderful.God,timegoesbysoquickly!AreyougoingtotheairqualityconferenceinChicago?David：Iam.AndI'mreallygladtoseeyou.Itwasnotuntillastnight__2__Ifoundyournameintheconferencematerials,butitdidn'tcometomymindthatwewouldmeetontheplane.Susan：I'mafraidIhaven'thadtimetolookat__3__conferencematerialsverycarefully.Ihadnoideayouwerecoming,butIamcertainlygladtoseeyou.Iwasfeelingverynervousaboutgoingthere__4__friends.David：Icanimagine.MyEnglishhasgottennotsofluentsinceIreturnedfromtheStates,__5__I'mrathernervousmyself.ButIsawthatyouwouldgivethemostimportanttalkattheconference.Susan：__6__(frank)speaking,I'mscaredto__7__(die)aboutit.David：I'mjustgivingatalkinoneoftheworkshopsections,andIhopeIwon'tmakeallofyou__8__(disappoint)．Susan：ButyourEnglishismuch__9__(good)thanmine.David：Butyou'renowtheDirectoroftheAirQualityInstitute,soyou__10__knowthetechnicalterms.Susan：Maybe.ButIstillcan'tunderstandtotallyalotoftechnicaltermsinmyfield.答案與解析1．Itit代替時(shí)間。2．thatItwasnotuntil...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。3．the該空表特指，故用定冠詞the。4．withoutwithoutfriends沒有朋友。5．so/thus/therefore該空表“因此”，故用so/thus/therefore。6．Franklyfranklyspeaking說實(shí)話。7．deathbescaredtodeath嚇?biāo)馈?．disappointed形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。9．bettermuch后跟形容詞的比較級(jí)。10．mustmust表示肯定推測(cè)，表示“肯定”。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)(2015·浙江省樂清市月考)Mymotherisateacherworkinakeyhighschool.Sheistoobusythatsheoftenhastogetupearlyandstayuplate.Inadditiontothis,shehardlyhasanytimestotakeexercise.Shehasbeenonpoorhealthforsometime.MyfatherandIareworriedthatshemayfallillifsheworkstoohard.ThesedaysI'mthinkingwhytodevelopmymother'sinterestinplayingsports.ConsideredthattodayisMother'sDay,Idecidedbuyapairofjoggingshoesforher.Isecretputthemonthedeskinherstudy.Whenmymotherenteredintoherstudythisevening,shelookedsurprised,butsheimmediatelyre