1)主語(yǔ)從句

Itiscommonknowledgethathonestyisthebestpolicy.

Itiswell-knownthat…

Itisself-evident/conceivable/obvious/apparentthat…

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…

Itis/that1.D)2.B)3.A)4.C)5.C)6.A)7.D)8.artificialintelligence9.weapons10.religion

2)賓(表)語(yǔ)從句

Wecannotunderstandwhyhewassocrueltohisroommates.

Theproblemisnotwhowillgo,butwhowillstay.

3)定語(yǔ)從句(限定性和非限定性)

Asisshown/demonstrated/illustrated/depicted/described…inthecartoon/picture/graph/table…,

TherearemanyreasonswhyIwanttostudyinyouruniversity.

Itisestimatedthattensofbillionsofpoundsisspentoncigaretteseveryyearinourcountry,whichisahugewaste.

4)狀語(yǔ)從句(時(shí)間，原因，地點(diǎn)，條件，讓步，轉(zhuǎn)折等)

Whenthemanisenjoyingthecigarette,thesmokebecomesamonster(怪物)whichwilldevourhim.

Whateverthereason,therearestillsomeproblemswithstudentuseofcomputers.

5)分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)

Prof.Kangcametoouruniversity,givingusalectureonhowtoacquireEnglishbetter.

6)倒裝句

Onlythroughthesemeasurescanwehopetosolvetheproblem.Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.

7)被動(dòng)句

Somemeasuresshouldbetakentodealwiththeproblem.

Heissaidtohaveaccomplishedalotofgreatdeeds.

Manypeoplebelievethat…(Itisbelievedthat…)

8)設(shè)問(wèn)句

Doyoustillremembertheboywhocriedwolfforseveraltimessonoonewouldtrusthim?

9)比較

1.Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.

2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.

3.AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat...

4.Itisreasonabletomaintainthat...butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat...

5.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.

6.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.

7.AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.

8.AbearssomeresemblancestoB.

9.However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.

10.AandBdifferinseveralways.

11.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.

12.Peopleusedtothink...,butthingsaredifferentnow.

13.ThesameistrueofB.

14.WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.

15.ItistruethatA...,butthechieffaults(obviousdefects)are...

10)原因

1.Anumberoffactorsareaccountableforthissituation.

Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(leadto)(accountfor)thephenomenon(problem).

2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.

3.Thephenomenonmainlystemsfromthefactthat...

4.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude...

5.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...

6.Wemayblame...,buttherealcausesare...

7.Partoftheexplanationsforitisthat...

8.Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)isthat...

9.Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is...

10.Perhapstheprimaryfactoristhat…

11.Butthefundamentalcauseisthat...

11)結(jié)果

1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.

2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis...

3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon...

4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat...

12)批駁

1)Itistruethat...,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.

2)Thereisagrainoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyignoreamoreimportantfact.

3)Somepeoplesay...,butitdoesnotholdwater.

4)Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat...

5)Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.

6)Itmakesnosensetoarguefor...

7)Toomuchstressplacedon...mayleadto...

8)Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat...

9)Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat...

13)舉例

1)Agoodcaseinpointis...

2)Asanillustration,wemaytake...

3)Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.

4)...isoftencitedasanexample.

14)證明

1)Noonecandenythefactthat...

2)Theideaishardlysupportedbyfacts.

3)Unfortunately,noneoftheavailabledatashows...

4)Recentstudiesindicatethat...

5)Thereissufficientevidencetoshowthat...

6)Accordingtostatisticsprovedby...,itcanbeseenthat...

15)開(kāi)篇

1)Manynationshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof...

2)Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.

3)Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.

4)Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong...

5)Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover...

6)Neverinourhistoryhastheideathat...beensopopular.

7)Facedwith...,quiteafewpeoplearguethat...

8)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,...

9)Withtherapiddevelopmentof...,...

16)結(jié)尾

1)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...

2)Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop...

3)Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento...

4)Inconclusion,itisimperativethat...

5)Thereisnoeasymethod,but...mightbeofsomehelp.

6)Tosolvetheabove-mentionedproblem,wemust...

7)Insummary,ifwecontinuetoignoretheabove-mentionedissue,moreproblemswillcropup.

8)Withtheeffortsofallpartsconcerned,theproblemwillbesolvedthoroughly.

9)Wemightdomorethanidentifythecause;itisimportanttotakeactionsto...

10)Takingalltheseintoaccount,we...

11)Whetheritisgoodornot/positiveornegative,onethingiscertain/clear...例句：Iblems.該是有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣?lái)解決交通問(wèn)題的時(shí)候

十六、Thosewho~~~（...的人...）

例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.

違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)該受處罰。

十七、Thereisnoonebut~~~（沒(méi)有人不...）

例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege.

沒(méi)有人不渴望上大學(xué)。

十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不...）

例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Ipelledtogiveupdoingsports.既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運(yùn)動(dòng)。

十九、It

isconceivablethat+句子（可想而知的）

Itisobviousthat+句子（明顯的）

Itisapparentthat+句子（顯然的）

例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.可想而知，知識(shí)在我們的一生中扮演一個(gè)重要的角色。

二十、Thatisthereasonwhy~~~（那就是...的原因）

例句：Summerissultry.ThatisthereasonwhyIdon'tlikeit.

夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。

二十一、Forthepast51Test+時(shí)間，S+現(xiàn)在完成式...（過(guò)去...年來(lái)，...一直...）例句：Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingfortheexamination.過(guò)去兩年來(lái)，我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。

二十二、Since+S+過(guò)去式，S+現(xiàn)在完成式。

例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard.自從他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、Itpaysto+V~~~（...是值得的。）

例句：Itpaystohelpothers.幫助別人是值得的。

二十四、bebasedon（以...為基礎(chǔ)）

例句：Tgressoftheesocietyisbasedonharmony.

社會(huì)的進(jìn)步是以和諧為基礎(chǔ)的。

二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V（不遺余力的）

例句：Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.

我們應(yīng)該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。

二十六、bringhometo+人+事（讓...明白...事）

例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard.

我們應(yīng)該讓人們明白努力的價(jià)值。

二十七、becloselyrelatedto~~（與...息息相關(guān)）

例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth做運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康息息相關(guān)。

二十八、Gothehabitof+Ving

=makeitaruleto+V（養(yǎng)成...的習(xí)慣）

Wothehabitofkeepinggoodhours.

我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習(xí)慣。

二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,~~~（因?yàn)?..）

例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream.

因?yàn)樗墓膭?lì)，我終于實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。

三十、Whata+Adj+N+S+V!

=How+Adj+a+N+V!（多么...?。?/p>

例句：Wmise!

Hmise!

遵守諾言是多么重要的事！

三十一、Leavemuchtobedesired（令人不滿意）

例句：Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuchtobedesired.

我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。

三十二、Haveagreatinfluenceon~~~（對(duì)...有很大的影響）

例句：Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth.

三十三、dogoodto（對(duì)...有益），doharmto（對(duì)...有害）

例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.讀書(shū)對(duì)心靈有益。

Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作過(guò)度對(duì)健康有害。

三十四、Poseagreatthreatto~~（對(duì)...造成一大威脅）

例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.

污染對(duì)我們的生存造成一大威脅。

三十五、doone'sutmostto+V=doone'sbest（盡全力去...）

例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.

我們應(yīng)盡全力去達(dá)成我們的人生目標(biāo)。1.

比較結(jié)構(gòu)：Comparedwiththebike,thecarrunsmuchfaster.In1998weproducedasmanycomputersaswedidinthepreviousyears.Peoplenowenjoyabetterlifethanbefore.TheharderyouworkatEnglish,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Iprefertoworkratherthantositidly.IpreferstayingathometogoingshoppingonSundays.Thepopulationisrisingwhilethenaturalresourcesaredeclining.2.

關(guān)于利弊、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的句型AhasalotofadvantagesoverB.ComparedwithB,Ahasmanyadvantages.beofbenefittosb./sth.

benefitsb./sth.

benefitfromsth.doalotofgoodto

begoodfor

dodamageto

doharmtobeasgoodas;

benotsogoodasnotsomuch…as…3.

說(shuō)明原因的句型Therearetwo(some,many)goodreasonsforsth./todosth.Manyfactorsmaycontributeto/accountforthisproblems.Wehavetwogoodreasonsfor…Thereasonfor…isthat…Thereasonfor…liesinmanyaspects.4.

表示不同看法的句型Differentpeoplehave(hold)differentviews/opinionsonthisquestion/problem/matter/issue.Somebelievethat…Othersarguethat…Stillothersmaintainthat…People’sopinionson…varyfrompersontoperson.Theyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.5.

表示必須、緊急、有困難做某事It’simportant(necessary,urgent,desirable)forsb.todosth.It’shightimethatwedidsth.(注意that引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式)havetrouble/difficulty/problem(in)doingsth.

havetroublewithsth.6.

表示因果關(guān)系Thecauseof/reasonforhigherpriceswasanincreaseindemand.Because/As/Nowthat/Sincethedemandhasincreased,thepricesarehigher.Anincreaseindemandcauses/resultsin/leadto/produceshigherprices.Thedemandhasincreased.Therefore,/Asaresult,/Forthisreason,/Consequently,thepricesarehigher.Ifthereisanincreaseindemand,thenpricesrise/goup/boost/willbehigher.7.

辯論中常用的句型Thereisnodoubtthat…Itisobviousapparentthat…/Itshouldbenotedthat…/itshouldn’tbeignoredthat..Itistruethat…butitdoesn’tmeanthat…Asisknowntoallthat…/itgoeswithoutsayingthat…/Nowonderthat….What’smoreimportant,…/I’mconvincedthat…8.

舉例Forexample/Forinstance…/Let’shaveanexample…Acaseinpointisthat…Anothergoodexampleisthat…9.

諺語(yǔ)Asapopularsayinggoes,everycoinhastwosides.Asaproverbsays,everythinghastwosides.Ontheonehand,…Ontheotherhand,…,Soweshouldlookatthematterfromdifferentaspects.Asisknowntoall,nopains,nogains.10.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Onlyinthisway,

canwedoitwell.Itwasnotuntilthenthatpeoplebegantorealizetheimportanceofcontrollingpopulation.注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上

Whatwilltheworldbelikeinfiftyyears?

Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,frongas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.

Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.

Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.

Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexbaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.

Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?

Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”

Livinglonger

AnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,belivesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.

BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmuno-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.

Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andalloweingthemtodeveoopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse’sandweprobablydon’twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”

RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop“anthenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:“It’sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday’speopleintheir60s”

Aliens

ConlinPillinger,professorofplanerarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidistarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites(隕石).

ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentforstofMarsoronotherplaners.

Headds:”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.

PricetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“l(fā)ikely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddefore2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.

Heays:”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesarelikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.

Coloniesinspace

RichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“l(fā)ifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.

“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammerunsout.”

Spinalinjuries

EllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstitudeinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinijuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflicatedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.

Shesays:”Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprofescribedrugsthatcauseseveres(斷裂的)spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.

“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplancingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswillstarttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repariestothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.

Obesity

SydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NoblelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolitionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”O(jiān)besity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”

Robots

RodneyBrooks,professorofroboticeatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”

Energy

BillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifomia,says:”Themostsignificantbreakthroughtwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”

Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.

Society

GeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:”TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite(前提)forordinaryhumandecency.

“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,uniwersalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”

Healsopredictsthat“ahsurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeumfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.

Thesetherechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brighe\ter,wiser,happierandkinder”.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?

A)Asolutiontotheglobalenergycrisis

B)Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.

C)Thelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscience

D)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury

2.

AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.

A)mayinvitetrouble

B)maynotcometrue

C)willfoolthepublic

D)domoreharmthangood

3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityof11.A)ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup.

B)Theman’sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend.

C)Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksago.

D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.

12.A)Workoutaplantotightenhisbudget

B)Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria.

C)Applyforaseniorpositionintherestaurant.

D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.

13.A)Afinancialburden.

C)Arealnuisance.

B)Agoodcompanion

D)Awell-trainedpet.

14.A)Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.

C)Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex.

B)Thewomanwasmistakenherself.

D)Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes.

15.A)Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles.

C)Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper.

B)Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.

D)Hewillbeawayforatwo-weekconference.

16.A)Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.

B)Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip.

C)Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman.

D)TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune8.

17.A)Theyhavewaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan.

B)Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure.

C)Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan.

D)Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.

18.A)Newlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantrelease.

B)Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic.

C)Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.

D)It’lltakeyearstobringairpollutionundercontrol.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Enormoussizeofitsstores.

C)Itsappealingsurroundings.

B)Numerousvarietiesoffood.

D)Itsrichandcolorfulhistory.

20.A)Anancientbuilding.

C)AnEgyptianmuseum.

B)Aworldofantiques.

D)AnEgyptianMemorial.

21.A)Itspowerbillreaches$9millionayear.

B)Itsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday.

C)Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown.

D)Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.

22.A)11,500

C)250,000

B)30,000

D)300,000

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Transferringtoanotherdepartment.

C)Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.

B)Studyingaccountingatauniversity

D)Makingpreparationforherwedding.

24.A)Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.

B)Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanothercompany.

C)Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment.

D)Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany.

25.A)Hea