英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)xxx公司英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)一．簡(jiǎn)單句：英語(yǔ)基本句型-1主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)組成，主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類(lèi)屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;eg:OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.Deepwaterstaysstill.Hewasatwork.Sheisingoodhealth.Itisbeyondmyability.Iwasataloss.Youareunderarrest.英語(yǔ)基本句型-2主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)加不及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成,常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Theyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Shesattherealone.4.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.5.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake。英語(yǔ)基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.英語(yǔ)基本句型-4雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）”組成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。英語(yǔ)基本句型-5復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則句意不夠完整。可以用做賓補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.Mymotheraskedmetocleanmyroom.Theteachermadeallstudentsfinishtheirhomeworkontime.用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.也可以說(shuō)Ifounditwaspleasanttobewithyourfamily.它們的區(qū)別在于第一個(gè)是簡(jiǎn)單句第二個(gè)是復(fù)合句，意思都是一樣的。英語(yǔ)基本句型-6Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“……有……”。它其實(shí)是全倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.Be與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：現(xiàn)在有thereis/are…過(guò)去有therewas/were…將來(lái)有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.二．并列句。結(jié)構(gòu)：1.由分號(hào)連接。eg.Somepeoplecry;otherslaugh.Let’sstartearly;wehavealongwaytogo.2.由并列連詞及詞組連接-——and/but/or/so/however/still/therefore/yet/while/otherwise/for/both…and…/notonly…butalso…/aswellas/orelse/either…or…/neither…nor…/not…but…等。eg:I’dliketo,butIhavelotsofhomeworktodo.I’vegotacold,soI’mgoingtobed.Bothmyfatherandmotherareteachers.It’sverygood,yetIdon’tlikeit.三、復(fù)合句構(gòu)成：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全局的主體，從句只是全句中的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的，引導(dǎo)詞起連接主句和從句的作用。分類(lèi)：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句），形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句），副詞性從句（狀語(yǔ)從句）。1.主語(yǔ)從句(SubjectClause)一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語(yǔ),那么這個(gè)句子就是主語(yǔ)從句.1）常規(guī)主語(yǔ)從句，句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.Whateveryoudidisright.Whosewatchwaslostisunknown.Whatweneedistime.小結(jié):（1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)連詞位于句首不能省略（3)主語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三人稱單數(shù)。注意：為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語(yǔ)it放在主語(yǔ)位置，真正主語(yǔ)擱置于句末Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)小結(jié):（1)以that引出的主語(yǔ)從句,常以形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo).Itis+形容詞/名詞/某些動(dòng)詞ed+that從句.（2)在有些that從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should+do/should+havedone)2.表語(yǔ)從句定義：表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。Theproblemispuzzling.主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞形容詞作表語(yǔ)Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞一個(gè)句子作表語(yǔ)---表語(yǔ)從句連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.Hehasbecomeateacher.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.Shehasremainedthereforanhour.ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.Hissuggestionisgood.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.Thequestionisconfusing.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.WhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Whyhecriedyesterday.HowIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.注意：1.表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.2.不用if，而用whether連接表語(yǔ)從句(asif例外）。False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.3.像賓語(yǔ)從句，在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.4.that在表語(yǔ)從句中不能省掉。3.賓語(yǔ)從句在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句.構(gòu)成:帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.Hesuggested(that)weshouldcleanthecorridoreveryday.賓語(yǔ)Hetoldme(that)hewouldleaveDalianairportat8pm.間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)Hetoldmewherehewasgoingtotravelthatsummer.間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewbook?Noneofusknowswherethesecanbebought.注意：1.用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.2.介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見(jiàn)到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.3.形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.4.if,whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.⑤避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.5.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說(shuō)成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?6.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問(wèn)時(shí),不能按正常語(yǔ)序安排,經(jīng)常將這類(lèi)引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Whodoyouthinkth