II.GrammarandVocabularySectionAToBeJoyful,ToBeYoungTOC\o"1-5"\h\zWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle?It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink.Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch,l(21)??????????(learn)thatrealkeysarepleasure,joyandfreedom.Joyoflivingissustainable;fearofdyingisnot.Why?Becauselifeistobeenjoyed.There'snopoint(22)??????????(abandon)somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter,andquickly.Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfullv.(23)??????????(quit)smoking,andmanagestressbetter,theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter,soquickly.Itreconstruetsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving.?Whenyouexerciseandeatright,yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen,soyoubecomesmarter,havemoreenergy,andneedlesssleep.Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthscausedsomanyneurons(神經(jīng)纟田胞)(24)???????????(grow)thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow,soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless.Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive.lncontrast,anunhealthydiet,lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface(25)??????????????????????youagemorequickly.Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower.(26)??????????decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely.Thisiswhysmokerslookyearsolderthantheyreallyare.Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan(27)??????????wasobiectivelyoccurringintheirlives.(28)??????????(give)aquestionnaire,thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree-pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday.Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres(染色體端粒)comparedwith(29)??????????whofeltmorerelaxed.Contrarily,someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed(30)??????????raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal-appearingtelomeres.?Inotherwords,ifyoufeelstressed,youarestressed.SectionBDirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.uprisingB.originalC.frequentlyD.magnificentE.featureF.luxuriouslyG.capturedH.approachesl.inhabitedJ.mattersK.rankswelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQueenofBritain.0veraperiodofnearly1,000yearsithasbeen31continuously,andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs(君主)oneaftertheother.Someweregreatbuilders,strengtheningtheCastleagainst32andrebellion;others,livinginmorepeacefultimes,createdagrandRoyalresidence.WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite,highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground.Itwasaday'smarchfromtheTowerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern33tothecapital.Theouterwallsfotoday5sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe34castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s.TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome,wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend,ansasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties.WindsorCastleis35usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents.EveryyeartheQueentakesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster（March-April）.TheCastleishuge,sopeopletendtoheadforthemost36bits—theStateApartments,ST.GeorgesChapel,theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse.Worksofart,antiquefurniture,curiositicsandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations.TheStateApartmentsare37decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions.ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt.George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardlVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIIl.lt38amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK.TheDrawingsGallery39theexhibition“TheQueen:60Photographsfor60Years”.TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen40inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings.IH.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.“NatureandNurture”Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorareformed.However,itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris41.Socialscientistsareofcourse42interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehavior.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo43schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatedbetween44ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy（爭論）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“natureandnurture”Thosewho45the“naturesideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsare46determinedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioris47_tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour48.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zSupportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,49,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorists'sviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto51stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehavior.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare52.IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhiteonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,53,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame54thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Asamatteroffact,itisquite55thatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.A.sensitiveB.productiveC.competitiveD.aggressiveA.moderatelyB.extremelyC.reluctantlyD.scarcelyA.distinctB.reliableC.relevantD.equalA.objectorsB.operatorsC.opponentsD.advocatesA.claimB.supportC.resolveD.inheritA.completelyB.largelyC.thoroughlyD.merelyA.sensitiveB.openC.centralD.subjectA.abilitiesB.capacitiesC.personalitiesD.instinctA.expertsB.scientistsC.environmentalistD.behavioristsA.shapedB.prioritizedC.oppressedD.restrietedA.environmentalB.biologicalC.geneticD.psychologicalA.temporaryB.slightCfatalDfar-reachingA.onthecontraryB.asawholeC.afterallDforinstanceA.habitsB.responsesC.characteristicsD.advantagesA.necessaryB.impossibleC.unreasonableD.likelySectionBDirectionsReadthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustreadA)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z?I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatRobertGordonUniversityinAberdeen,butlalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet.Idothreenightshiftsaweek,plusovertimeiflcangetit.Mondayisthemostoccupieddayforme一Iworkfrom10pmuntil8amonSaturdayandSundaynights,earningjustover￡100anight,andthenlhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMonday.Bythetimelfinishlectures,at2pm,l'mexhausted,butlknowlhavetobebackatworkbylOpm.lconstantlyhavetoforcemyselftostayawake,andtobealert,whateverittakes.ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhelps.TheworkldoatSainsbury'sisveryphysicallikestackingshelves.l'mluckybecausel'manactivepersonandtheamountlliftatworkisnothingcomparedwiththeweightslliftinthegym.lknowlhavethestrengthtobearit.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zl'moriginallyfromNigeria.lcameherewhenlwasseven,growingupinCroydon,southLondon.Moneywastight.Myparentsgavemeeverythinglneeded,buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries.lworkedhardatschoolthoughand,withthehelpofGTScholars,lgotsomeofthebestATevelgradesinmyclass.Unfortunately,thoughlhadappliedfor“settled”Britishresidentialstatuswhenveryyoung,theHomeOfficewaiteduntillwasinsixthformtoapprovemyapplication.Thatmeantlwasn'teligibleforastudentloan.Theonlywaylcouldaffordtogotouniversitywasthatifigotajobthatwouldpayforallmylivingcostsandmyparents,whoworkinmarketresearch,paidformytuitionfees.lnScotland,that'sabout￡7,000ayear.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zIdon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob.ldeally,lwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysolcanexcelatmycourse.Yes,lhavealotonmyplate,butworkinghardisn'tnewtome.Growingup,myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultivatedinmetheimportanceofworkinghardforwhatlwantinlife.MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherapynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS.Butrightnow,l'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan.Wheneverlfindlifehard,Itellmyselfthisisaboutmyfuture.ldon'tneedmuch,butlwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime.Thatiswhatilookforwardtothemost.Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeeveryweek?Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts.???????B.Topayforhistuitionfees.C.Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney.?????????D.Topayforhisownlivingexpenses.Theunderlinedword“eligible”inthepassagecanbereplacedby.responsible????????B.qualified?????????C.feasible?????????D.anxious?Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribethe????author?Sociable.??????????B.Diligent.??????????C.Ambitious.??????D.Persistent.?Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage?Apennysavedisapennyearned.??????????B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.??????D.Wherethereislife,thereishope.(B)Shouldyoubecomeafullstackwebdeveloper?WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper?Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellversedinbothfrontandback-endwebdeveloping.Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildapplicationsfromstarttofinish,afullstackdevelopercanplan,manage,andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow-how.Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback-enddevelopersisthatfront-enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawebsite,whileback-enddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers,applications,anddatabases.Combinedtheyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingthatmakesawebsitefunctionproperly.Bothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell-roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingforjobs.lfyouliketolearnnewconceptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpathforyou.DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowingBecauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper,therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions,leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates.Thejoboutlookforwebdevelopersisestimatedtogrow13%by2026,whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations.WithaversatileandrobustCV,fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake$87,661onaverage.GetStartedTodayWithourguide,youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowinordertosucceedasafullstackwebdeveloper.Youcanstartfromanylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtrackyourprogressasyougo.Here'swhatyou'lllearn:Buildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront-endandback-endstacksLearnRubyonRails,HTML,CSS,andJavaScriptDevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront-endframework,Angular,andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordovaDesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdatabaseintegration.lnwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispassage?ArtsB.Science-technologyC.CoursesD.BusinessWhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothepassage?Frontandback-enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicationsanddatabases.Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionofbeingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills.Thejobprospectforwebdeveloperisn'tpromisinginthelongrun.Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdeveloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand.Whatisthemainpurposesofthispassage?ToadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopersToinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper.Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafullstackwebdeveloper.Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerguide.（C）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeck,onshowinthefinallegofatravellingtourthathasalreadyattractedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandTheHague,maycomeasasurprisetomany.FewoutsidetheNordicworldwouldrecognisetheworkofthisFinnishartistwhodiedin1946.Morepeopleshould.The120workshaveattheircore20self-portraits,halfthenumbershepaintedinall.Thefirst,dated1880,isofawide-eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverything.Thelastisasightingoftheartist'sghost-to-be.Precociouslygifted,Schjerfbeckwas11whensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety'sdrawingschool."TheWoundedWarriorintheSnow",ahistorypainting,wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrantwhenshewas17.SchjerfbeckstudiedinParis,wentontoPont-Aven,Brittany,whereshepaintedforayear,thentoTuscany,CornwallandStPetersburg.Duringher1887visittoStlves,Cornwall,Schjerfbeckpainted"TheConvalescent".Achildwrappedinablanketsitsproppedupinalargewicker（柳條編制的）chair,toyingwithasprig（小紙TOC\o"1-5"\h\z條）.Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthe1889ParisWorldFairandwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSociety.Toamoderneyeitseemsalmostsentimental（感傷）andisredeemedonlybythesomewhatstunned,melancholyexpressiononthechild'sface,whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperiences.Atfour,shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered.In1890,SchjerfbecksettledinFinland.Teachingexhaustedher,shedidnotliketheworkofotherlocalpainters,andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermother（wholiveduntil1923）."lflallowmyselfthefreedomtoliveasecludedlife",shewrote,"thenitisbecauseithastobethatway."ln1902,Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall,industrialtownofHyvinkaa,50kilometresnorthofHelsinki.lsolationhadonedesiredeffectforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbecameamodernpainter.Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbutaboveallmoodyyetincisiveportraitsofhermother,localschoolgirls,womenworkersintowr。"lhavealwayssearchedforthedensedepthsofthesoul,thathavenotyetdiscoveredthemselves",shewrote,"whereeverythingisstillunconscious-thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries."Sheexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofunderpainting,scrapedandrubbed,madebrightrosyredspots;doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious-herownandthatofhermodels.ln1913,Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist,GostaStenman.Onceagainshewasasuccess.64.Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecause.herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworldherpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworldherpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseenthemherpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghostsWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?"TheConvalescent"isinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherchildhood."TheConvalescent"isareflectionofSchejerbeck'ssentimentalchildhood."TheConvalescent"ismadeasaresultofanaccidentinSchejerbeckschildhood."TheConvalescent"isfeaturedbythechild'sstunned,melancholyexpression.Schejerbeckchosetoliveasecludedlifemainlybecauseof.shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjobherpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyleshecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpaintershermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalifestyle.WecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacteristicsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsis.hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeoplehercaptureofthecharacters'soulthesorrowlyexpressionofthecharactersherunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselementsSectionCDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencescanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Aneffectivewaythatlhavefoundtodeepenmyownpatienceistocreateactualpracticeperiods.Youaremoreeasilyannoyedandbothered.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthequalityofbeingpatientisverydifficulttodevelop.Becomingmorepatientinvolvesopeningyourhearttothepresentmoment,evenifyoudor?tlikeit.Withoutpatience,youwillseethesamesceneasanemergencycompletewithyelling,frustration,hurtfeelings.Ifyoulackpatience,youaredestinedtofailinwhatyouarepursuing.Thequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreatingamorepeacefulandlovingself.Themorepatientyouare,themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis,ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeittobe.Withoutpatience,lifeisextremelyfrustrating.67.Patienceaddsadimensionofeaseandacceptancetoyourlife.It'simportantforinnerpeace.68Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam,lateforanappointment,beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamentalsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggetoutofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax.Itmightalsobeagoodtimetobreatheaswellasanopportunitytoremindyourselfthat,inthebiggerschemeofthings,beinglateis“smallstuff”.Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithdeliberatepractice.69TheyaretheperiodTOC\o"1-5"\h\zsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticetheartofpatience.Lifeitselfbecomesaclassroom,andthecurriculumispatience.Youcanstartwithaslittleasfiveminutesandbuildupyourcapacityforpatienceovertime.Whatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazing.Yourintentiontobepatient,especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile,immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatience.Patienceisoneofthosespecialqualitieswheresuccessfeedsonitself.Onceyoureachlittlemilestone（里程碑）-fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience-you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepatient,evenforlongerperiodsoftime.Overtime,youmayevenbecomeapatientperson.Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective.You'llseeevenadifficultsituation,sayyourpresentchallenge,isn't“l(fā)ifeordeath”butsimplyaminorobstaelethatmustbedealtwith.70IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Re