統(tǒng)計學介紹統(tǒng)計學以概率論為基礎(chǔ)的方法論學科，它在幾乎所有的領(lǐng)域里面都具有重要的應(yīng)用，統(tǒng)計學知識理論就像我們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂玫碾娔X一樣必不可少，是現(xiàn)代高級人才必備一種素質(zhì)，在現(xiàn)代社會中沒有統(tǒng)計學知識的人就如同一“文盲”.統(tǒng)計學在人類活動當中舉足輕重.統(tǒng)計學在工業(yè)、商業(yè)、貿(mào)易、物理學、化學、經(jīng)濟學、數(shù)學、生物學、植物學、心理學、天文學等等方面都扮演重要的角色,因此統(tǒng)計學的應(yīng)用非常廣泛，幾乎涵蓋每一個領(lǐng)域，下面我們來具體看一下它能運用在哪些方面.1.統(tǒng)計學將幫助您成為一位成功的商人.成功的商人必須能夠快速準確做出決策.如果你知道客戶需要什么，那么你就知道該生產(chǎn)什么，生產(chǎn)多少.統(tǒng)計學將能幫助你制定生產(chǎn)計劃，同時也能幫助你有效地檢驗產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,它能讓你在關(guān)于企業(yè)地理位置、產(chǎn)品營銷、金融資源等問題上做出正確的決定.Business:Statisticsplayanimportantroleinbusiness.Asuccessfulbusinessmanmustbeveryquickandaccurateindecisionmaking.Heknowsthatwhathiscustomerswants,heshouldtherefore,knowwhattoproduceandsellandinwhatquantities.Statisticshelpsbusinessmantoplanproductionaccordingtothetasteofthecostumers,thequalityoftheproductscanalsobecheckedmoreefficientlybyusingstatisticalmethods.Soalltheactivitiesofthebusinessmanbasedonstatisticalinformation.Hecanmakecorrectdecisionaboutthelocationofbusiness,marketingoftheproducts,financialresourcesetc…2.如果你想在經(jīng)濟學方面有所發(fā)展，那萬萬是離不開統(tǒng)計學的.經(jīng)濟學在很大程度上依賴于統(tǒng)計學，國民收入帳戶對于經(jīng)濟學家和管理者來說是具有多重目的性的指標，統(tǒng)計學是建立這些帳戶的基礎(chǔ).在經(jīng)濟學的研究中統(tǒng)計學方法被用來收集、分析數(shù)據(jù)，并作出檢驗假設(shè).統(tǒng)計學的方法可以用來研究供求關(guān)系，進出口，通貨膨脹，人均收入等等問題的研究都離不開統(tǒng)計學.(2)InEconomics:

Statisticsplayanimportantroleineconomics.Economicslargelydependsuponstatistics.Nationalincomeaccountsaremultipurposeindicatorsfortheeconomistsandadministrators.Statisticalmethodsareusedforpreparationoftheseaccounts.Ineconomicsresearchstatisticalmethodsareusedforcollectingandanalysisthedataandtestinghypothesis.Therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemandsisstudiesbystatisticalmethods,theimportsandexports,theinflationrate,thepercapitaincomearetheproblemswhichrequiregoodknowledgeofstatistics.3.如果您想在數(shù)學領(lǐng)域有所發(fā)展，請務(wù)必學好統(tǒng)計學.統(tǒng)計學與數(shù)學密不可分，他們的很多東西都是互通的.所以想要學好數(shù)學也得要學好統(tǒng)計學.(3)InMathematics:

Statisticalplaysacentralroleinalmostallnaturalandsocialsciences.Themethodsofnaturalsciencesaremostreliablebutconclusionsdrawfromthemareonlyprobable,becausetheyarebasedonincompleteevidence.Statisticalhelpsindescribingthesemeasurementsmoreprecisely.Statisticsisbranchofappliedmathematics.Thelargenumberofstatisticalmethodslikeprobabilityaverages,dispersions,estimationetc…isusedinmathematicsanddifferenttechniquesofpuremathematicslikeintegration,differentiationandalgebraareusedinstatistics.

4.如果您將來想入銀行業(yè)，那么你就離不開統(tǒng)計學.因為銀行在很多的方面必須要用到統(tǒng)計學的方法.(4)InBanking:

Statisticsplayanimportantroleinbanking.Thebanksmakeuseofstatisticsforanumberofpurposes.Thebanksworkontheprinciplethatallthepeoplewhodeposittheirmoneywiththebanksdonotwithdrawitatthesametime.Thebankearnsprofitsoutofthesedepositsbylendingtoothersoninterest.Thebankersusestatisticalapproachesbasedonprobabilitytoestimatethenumbersofdepositorsandtheirclaimsforacertainday.

5.如果您將來想成為一名管理人才，那么缺乏統(tǒng)計學知識是簡直是不可想象的事情.許多的國家政策的制定都基于統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)是被廣泛用于管理決策.(5)InStateManagement(Administration):

Statisticsisessentialforacountry.Differentpoliciesofthegovernmentarebasedonstatistics.Statisticaldataarenowwidelyusedintakingalladministrativedecisions.Supposeifthegovernmentwantstorevisethepayscalesofemployeesinviewofanincreaseinthelivingcost,statisticalmethodswillbeusedtodeterminetheriseinthecostofliving.Preparationoffederalandprovincialgovernmentbudgetsmainlydependsuponstatisticsbecauseithelpsinestimatingtheexpectedexpendituresandrevenuefromdifferentsources.Sostatisticsaretheeyesofadministrationofthestate.

6.統(tǒng)計學在會計和審計中運用相當廣泛.想學會計與審計的同學統(tǒng)計學知識是必不可少的.(6)InAccountingandAuditing:

Accountingisimpossiblewithoutexactness.Butfordecisionmakingpurpose,somuchprecisionisnotessentialthedecisionmaybetakenonthebasisofapproximation,knowasstatistics.Thecorrectionofthevaluesofcurrentassertsismadeonthebasisofthepurchasingpowerofmoneyorthecurrentvalueofit.

Inauditingsamplingtechniquesarecommonlyused.Anauditordeterminesthesamplesizeofthebooktobeauditedonthebasisoferror.

7.統(tǒng)計學在幾乎所有的自然科學和社會科學中都不可或缺.統(tǒng)計方法被廣泛用來分析實驗結(jié)果，檢驗顯著性，比如生物、物理、化學等等.(7)InNaturalandSocialSciences:

Statisticsplaysavitalroleinalmostallthenaturalandsocialsciences.Statisticalmethodsarecommonlyusedforanalyzingtheexperimentsresults,testingtheirsignificanceinBiology,Physics,Chemistry,Mathematics,Meteorology,Researchchambersofcommerce,Sociology,Business,PublicAdministration,CommunicationandInformationTechnologyetc…8.如果您有志成為天文學方面的人才，你得學好統(tǒng)計學才行.(8)InAstronomy:

Astronomyisoneoftheoldestbranchofstatisticalstudy,itdealswiththemeasurementofdistance,sizes,massesanddensitiesofheavenlybodiesbymeansofobservations.Duringthesemeasurementserrorsareunavoidablesomostprobablemeasurementsarefoundedbyusingstatisticalmethods.

Example:Thisdistanceofmoonfromtheearthismeasured.Sinceolddaystheastronomershavebeenstatisticalmethodslikemethodofleastsquaresforfindingthemovementsofstars.大學大多數(shù)學科將會涉及統(tǒng)計學（下面只是其中一些直接以統(tǒng)計為基礎(chǔ)的學科，還有很多專業(yè)或?qū)W科也是跟統(tǒng)計學相關(guān)的）：\o"Statistics"Statisticsisthemathematicalscienceinvolvingthecollection,analysisandinterpretationofdata.Anumberofspecialtieshaveevolvedtoapplystatisticaltheoryandmethodstovariousdisciplines.Certaintopicshave"statistical"intheirnamebutrelatetomanipulationsofprobabilitydistributionsratherthantostatisticalanalysis.（精算）\o"Actuarialscience"Actuarialscienceisthedisciplinethatappliesmathematicalandstatisticalmethodstoassessriskinthe\o"Insurance"insuranceand\o"Finance"financeindustries.（生物統(tǒng)計學）\o"Biostatistics"Biostatisticsisabranchof（生物）\o"Biology"biologythatstudiesbiologicalphenomenaandobservationsbymeansofstatisticalanalysis,andincludes（醫(yī)學統(tǒng)計）\o"Medicalstatistics"medicalstatistics.（商業(yè)分析）\o"Businessanalytics"Businessanalyticsisarapidlydevelopingbusinessprocessthatappliesstatisticalmethodstodatasets(oftenverylarge)todevelopnewinsightsandunderstandingofbusinessperformance&opportunities（化學統(tǒng)計學）\o"Chemometrics"Chemometricsisthescienceofrelatingmeasurementsmadeona\o"Chemistry"chemicalsystemorprocesstothestateofthesystemviaapplicationofmathematicalorstatisticalmethods.（人口統(tǒng)計學）\o"Demography"Demographyisthestatisticalstudyofall\o"Population"populations.Itcanbeaverygeneralsciencethatcanbeappliedtoanykindofdynamicpopulation,thatis,onethatchangesovertimeorspace.（計量經(jīng)濟學）\o"Econometrics"Econometricsisabranchof\o"Economics"economicsthatappliesstatisticalmethodstotheempiricalstudyofeconomictheoriesandrelationships.（環(huán)境統(tǒng)計學）\o"Environmentalstatistics"Environmentalstatisticsistheapplicationofstatisticalmethodsto\o"Environmentalscience"environmentalscience.Weather,climate,airandwaterqualityareincluded,asarestudiesofplantandanimalpopulations.（流行病學）\o"Epidemiology"Epidemiologyisthestudyoffactorsaffectingthehealthandillnessofpopulations,andservesasthefoundationandlogicofinterventionsmadeintheinterestofpublichealthandpreventivemedicine.（統(tǒng)計地質(zhì)學）\o"Geostatistics"Geostatisticsisabranchof\o"Geography"geographythatdealswiththeanalysisofdatafromdisciplinessuchas\o"Petroleumgeology"petroleumgeology,\o"Hydrogeology"hydrogeology,\o"Hydrology"hydrology,\o"Meteorology"meteorology,\o"Oceanography"oceanography,\o"Geochemistry"geochemistry,\o"Geography"geography.（運籌學）\o"Operationsresearch"Operationsresearch(orOperationalResearch)isaninterdisciplinarybranchofappliedmathematicsandformalsciencethatusesmethodssuchasmathematicalmodeling,statistics,andalgorithmstoarriveatoptimalornearoptimalsolutionstocomplexproblems.（種群生態(tài)學）\o"Populationecology"Populationecologyisasub-fieldof\o"Ecology"ecologythatdealswiththedynamicsofspeciespopulationsandhowthesepopulationsinteractwiththe\o"Environment(biophysical)"environment.（心理測驗學）\o"Psychometrics"Psychometricsisthetheoryandtechniqueofeducationalandpsychologicalmeasurementofknowledge,abilities,attitudes,andpersonalitytraits.（質(zhì)量控制）\o"Qualitycontrol"Qualitycontrolreviewsthefactorsinvolvedinmanufacturingandproduction;itcanmakeuseof\o"Sampling(statistics)"statisticalsamplingofproductitemstoaiddecisionsin\o"Processcontrol"processcontrolorinacceptingdeliveries.（數(shù)理心理學）\o"Quantitativepsychology"Quantitativepsychologyisthescienceofstatisticallyexplainingandchangingmentalprocessesandbehaviorsinhumans.（可靠性工程學）\o"ReliabilityEngineering"ReliabilityEngineeringisthestudyoftheabilityofasystemorcomponenttoperformitsrequiredfunctionsunderstatedconditionsforaspecifiedperiodoftime（統(tǒng)計金融）\o"Statisticalfinance"Statisticalfinance,anareaof\o"Econophysics"econophysics,isanempiricalattempttoshiftfinancefromits\o"Normativeeconomics"normativerootstoa\o"Positivist"positivistframeworkusingexemplarsfromstatisticalphysicswithanemphasisonemergentorcollectivepropertiesoffinancialmarkets.（統(tǒng)計力學）\o"Statisticalmechanics"Statisticalmechanicsistheapplicationof\o"Probability"probabilitytheory,whichincludesmathematicaltoolsfordealingwithlargepopulations,tothefieldof\o"Mechanics"mechanics,whichisconcernedwiththemotionofparticlesorobjectswhensubjectedtoaforce.（統(tǒng)計物理學）\o"Statisticalphysics"Statisticalphysicsisoneofthefundamentaltheoriesof\o"Physics"physics,andusesmethodsof\o"Probability"probabilitytheoryinsolvingphysicalproblems.（統(tǒng)計熱力學）\o"Statisticalthermodynamics"Statisticalthermodynamicsisthestudyofthemicroscopicbehaviorsof\o"Thermodynamicsystem"thermodynamicsystemsusingprobabilitytheoryandprovidesamolecularlevelinterpretationofthermodynamicquantitiessuchas\o"Work(thermodynamics)"work,\o"Heat"heat,\o"Thermodynamicfreeenergy"freeenergy,and\o"Entropy"entropy.

美國大學統(tǒng)計專業(yè)排名1StanfordUniversity斯坦福大學2UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley加州大學伯克利分校3HarvardUniversity哈佛大學3UniversityofWashington華盛頓大學5JohnsHopkinsUniver