關(guān)于財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表分析雙語(yǔ)第1頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六1、你是如何理解“雙語(yǔ)課程”(bilingualteaching)的？2、通過(guò)本學(xué)期雙語(yǔ)課程的學(xué)習(xí)，你期望得到哪些收獲與提高？3、在本學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，你期望從老師那里獲得哪些幫助？第2頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六2?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.CourseTitle:FinancialReportingAnalysisLecturedBy:JinxunTAN(譚津璕）MyEmailAddress:CourseObjectives:Knowwellaboutfinancialreporting ImproveEnglishproficiency(4skillsesp.R&W) Cultivateindependentlearningability(Search&Research)CourseIntroduction第3頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.

CourseRequirements

Self-learningbeforeeachlecture(Learningroup;1chapter/week)Attentivelisteninginclass(Takenotes)Activeparticipationinclass(Ask&answerquestions)Goodperformanceonassignments第4頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六4?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.MainquestionsWhyFSanalysisisneededWhoneedFSInformationavailabletousers第5頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六5?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.WhyFSanalysisisneededInformationasymmetryisthefoundationofaccountingtheoryandFSanalysiswhichcauses:AdverseselectionMoralhazard第6頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六6?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Financialstatementsdon’tfullyreflectfirm’strueeconomicpositionbecause:Accountingrecognitionandmeasurementdon’tcorrespondwitheconomicevents;Financialstatementsdon’treflectthewholeeconomicevents(assets,liabilities);Managementchoiceofaccountingmethods;Accountingprinciplesdifferindifferentcountry.第7頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六7?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.WhoneedFSCreditorsandequityinvestorsGovernment(executiveandlegislativebranches),regulatorybodies,andtaxauthoritiesThegeneralpublicandspecialinterestgroups,laborunions,suppliersandcostumer第8頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六8?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Equityinvestorsandcreditorsaretheprimaryusers.Hence,financialaccountingstandardsaregearedtothepurposesandperceptionsofinvestorsandcreditors.

第9頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六9?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.InformationavailabletousersPrincipalfinancialstatementsOthersourceoffinancialinformationRoleofauditor第10頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六10?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Introductionto

FinancialReportingChapter1第11頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TheU.Sfinancialreportingsystem第12頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六12?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.GAAPU.SGAAP:GenerallyAcceptedAccountingStandards是由會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)(APB)和財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)(FASB)，SEC在《意見(jiàn)書(shū)》和《公報(bào)》中所規(guī)定的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則、方法和程序所組成的。企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)人員記錄、匯總會(huì)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和編制會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表所必須遵循，也是審計(jì)人員審核企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表的依據(jù)。

第13頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六13?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.DevelopmentofGAAP

1934年美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)依據(jù)《證券交易法》成立證券交易委員會(huì)（SEC），授權(quán)其進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)立法，以彌補(bǔ)資本市場(chǎng)會(huì)計(jì)法規(guī)的空白，增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告透明性及相關(guān)性，并重建投資者信心。SEC頒布的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則分為三類：財(cái)務(wù)信息披露規(guī)則，是會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表呈報(bào)格式及內(nèi)容的管理?xiàng)l例；財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告文件，匯集SEC對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)和審計(jì)的觀點(diǎn)；工作人員會(huì)計(jì)公告，匯總SEC對(duì)《證券法》中披露條款的解釋和對(duì)披露管理的說(shuō)明。第14頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六14?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionSecuritiesActof1933RegulatesIPOs(initialpublicofferings)SecuritiesExchangeActof1934RegulatessecondarymarketandnationalexchangesSECwascreatedbythisActSEChastheauthoritytodetermineGAAPRegulationS-Xdescribesdisclosurerequirements第15頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六15?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.GAAPGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP)inUnitedStatesMajorSourcesofGAAPSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)AmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants(AICPA)FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)第16頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六16?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AICPA’sRoleinGAAPOrganizationYearsofActivityIssuedCommitteesonAccountingProcedures&Terminology1939...1959AccountingResearchBulletins(ARBs)AccountingPrinciplesBoard1959...1973APBOpinions(APBOs)第17頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六17?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TheFASBTheFASBisanongovernmentalbody

（非政府組織或機(jī)構(gòu)）withsevenfull-timemembers.Theboardsetsaccountingstandards（制定會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則）forallcompaniesissuingauditedfinancialstatement.TheFASBisanindependentbody

（獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)）whosemembersarerequiredtosever

（斷絕）alltieswithpreviousemployers.第18頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六18?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TheFASBFinancialAccountingStandardsBoardPromulgatesGAAPSFASs:StatementsofFinancialAccountingStandardsInterpretationsofSFASs,APBOs,andARBsTechnicalBulletinsStatementofFinancialAccountingConceptsConceptualFrameworkStatementsofAccountingConcepts(notGAAP)第19頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六19?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBStructureExhibit1-1第20頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六20?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBorganizationalstructure

第21頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六21?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBOperatingProcedureTopicisaddedtothetechnicalagendaPubliccommentssolicited(征求意見(jiàn)）DiscussionMemorandum（備忘錄)InvitationtoCommentHoldshearingtoreviewcommentsIssuesExposureDraft第22頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六22?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBConceptualFrameworkAsystemofinterrelatedobjectivesandunderlyingconceptsServesasthebasisforevaluatingexistingstandardsoffinancialaccountingandreportingSFACsStatementsofFinancialAccountingConcepts第23頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六23?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ObjectivesofFinancialReporting

(SFAC1)ProvideinformationusefulinmakingbusinessandeconomicdecisionsInformationiscomprehensible(可理解性的）tothosehavingareasonableunderstandingofbusinessandeconomicactivitiesHelpsuserstoassessfuturecashflowsPrimaryfocusisearningsanditscomponentsInformationisprovidedabouteconomicresourcesandtheclaimsagainstthoseresources第24頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六24?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AHierarchy(分層）ofAccountingQualitiesSource:“QualitativeCharacteristicsofAccountingInformation.”AdaptedfromFigure1inFASBStatementofFinancialAccountingConceptsNo.2(Stamford,Conn.:FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard,1980).Exhibit1-2第25頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六25?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ElementsofFinancialStatements

(SFAC6)AssetsProbablefutureeconomicbenefitsobtainedorcontrolled;theresultofpastbusinesstransactionsLiabilitiesObligationstotransferassetsorprovideservicesinthefuture;theresultofpastbusinesstransactionsEquityTheowner’sresidualinterestintheassetsafterdeductingliabilities第26頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六26?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ElementsofFinancialStatements

(SFAC6)(con’t)InvestmentsbyownersIncreasesinequityduetotransfersofvalueforthepurposeofobtainingorincreasingownershipDistributiontoownersDecreaseinequityresultingfromtransferofasset,renderingofservice,orincurrenceofliabilitiesbytheentitytoownersComprehensiveincomeThechangeinequityduringaperiodduetononownertransactions,events,andcircumstances第27頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六27?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ElementsofFinancialStatements

(SFAC6)(con’t)RevenuesInflowsandotherenhancementsofrevenueorreductionsofliabilitiesfromdeliveringorprovidinggoodsorservicesrelatedtothecentraloperationsExpensesOutflowsorconsumptionofassetsfromdeliveringorprovidinggoodsorservicesrelatedtothecentraloperationsGainsIncreasesinequityfromperipheraltransactionsoftheentityLossesDecreasesinequityfromperipheraltransactionsoftheentity第28頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六28?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.RecognitionandMeasurement(SFAC5)ToberecognizedanitemshouldbeOneofthedefinedelementsMeasurablewithsufficientreliabilityBasedoninformationthatisRelevantReliableMeasurementattributesHistoricalcost/proceedsCurrentcostCurrentmarketvalueNetrealizable(settlement)valuePresent(discounted)valueoffuturecashflows第29頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六29?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.RecognitionandMeasurement(SFAC5)

(cont’d)AfullsetoffinancialstatementsforaperiodshouldshowFinancialpositionattheendoftheperiodEarnings(netincome)Comprehensiveincome(totalnonownerchangeinequity)CashflowsduringtheperiodInvestmentsbyanddistributionstoownersduringtheperiod第30頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六30?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountantsPre-1973ARB(ARBs)APBOpinions(APBOs)Post-1972AccountingStandardsDivisionAccountingStandardsExecutiveCommitteeIndustryAuditGuidesIndustryAccountingGuidesStatementsofPositionPartofGAAP第31頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六31?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.EmergingIssuesTaskForceEstablishedbytheFASB(1984)IdentifiesEmergingissuesaffectingreportingProblemsinimplementingauthoritativepronouncementsAbilitytoreactquicklyIssuesstatementsthatarepartofGAAP第32頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六32?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ANewRealityMajorfinancialfailuresEnronWorldComMajorlegislation:Sarbanes-OxleyActof2002PublicCompaniesAccountingOversightBoardImpactontheAICPA’sroleinauditstandardsettingFee-basedfinancialsupportCEOsandCFOsmustcertifyfinancialstatementdisclosuresSection404requirescompaniestodocumentadequateinternalcontrolsandprocedures FASBAccountingStandardsCodification(Codification)2009singlesourceofauthoritativeU.S.GAAPandFASB第33頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六33?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AnnualReportonInternalControlSystemsRequiredbytheSECtoincludeAstatementofmanagement’sresponsibilitiesforestablishedandmaintaininganadequatesystemIdentificationoftheframeworkusedtoevaluatetheinternalcontrolsAstatementastowhetherornottheinternalcontrolsystemiseffectiveasofyear-endThedisclosureofanymaterialweaknessesinthesystemAstatementthatthecompany’sauditorshaveissuedanauditreportonmanagement’sassessment（估計(jì)）第34頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六34?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ThePublicCompany

AccountingOversightBoard(PCAOB)CreatedbytheSarbanes-OxleyActAnarmoftheSEC5members:2CPAs,3non-CPAsPromulgatesauditingstandardsforcompaniessubjecttotheSarbanes-OxleyActAICPAstillissuesauditingstandardsfornon-publiccompanies第35頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六35?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBAccountingStandardsCodificationProvidesinglesourceofauthoritativeU.S.GAAP2009Codificationorganizedinatieredstructure. -Organizedineightareasfromindustry-specifictogeneralfinancialstatementmatters. -Electronicrealtimeupdates.第36頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六36?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TraditionalAssumptions

oftheAccountingModelBusinessEntityGoingConcern(Continuity)TimePeriodMonetaryUnitHistoricalCostConservatismRealizationMatchingConsistencyFullDisclosureMaterialityIndustryPracticesTransactionApproachCashBasisAccrualBasis第37頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六37?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.BusinessEntityThebusinessentityisseparateanddistinctfromtheownersoftheentityTheentityisaneconomicunitthatstandsonitsown第38頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六38?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.GoingConcern(Continuity)TheentitywillremaininbusinessforanindefiniteperiodoftimeDisregardspossibilityofliquidationorbankruptcyImpactshowassetsandliabilitiesaremeasuredandreportedFinancialstatementsmustdiscloseifthepresumptionofcontinuityisnotapplicable第39頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六39?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TimePeriodFinitereportingperiodsappliedtothepresumedindefinitelifeofabusinessNaturalbusinessyearCalendaryearFiscalyear52-53WeekfiscalyearAllowsmeasurementoftheresultsofoperationspriortotheliquidationofabusinessentity’slife第40頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六40?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.MonetaryUnitStandardofmeasureforbusinesstransactionsU.S.dollarfordomesticentitiesSupplementarydisclosureofinflation-adjustedfinancialdatacurrentlynotrequiredbyU.S.GAAP第41頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六41?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.HistoricalCostOftenusedbecauseitisobjectiveanddeterminableAcceptabledeviationsWhenitbecomesapparentthatthehistoricalcostcannotberecovered(justifiedbytheconservatismconcept)Wherespecificstandardscallforanothermeasurementattributesuchascurrentmarketvalue,netrealizablevalue,orpresentvalue第42頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六42?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ConservatismSelectfromvariousmeasuresofvalueEachofthealternativesmusthavereasonablesupportConservatismguidesselectionofthealternativethathastheLeastfavorableimpactonnetincomeLeastfavorableimpactonfinancialposition第43頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六43?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.RealizationofRevenueIngeneral,thepointofrecognitionofrevenueshouldbethepointintimewhenrevenuecanbereasonablyandobjectivelydeterminedPointofsaleEarningprocessisvirtuallycompleteEndofproductionIfpriceofitemisknownandareadymarketexistsReceiptofcashCollectioncannotbereasonablyestimated第44頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六44?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.RealizationofRevenue(cont’d)DuringproductionRevenueisrecognizedproportionaltoeffortCostrecoveryApplicableforhighlyspeculativetransactionsTherearemanyotheracceptablemethodsofrecognizingrevenue第45頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六45?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.MatchingMatchcostsassociatedwithrevenuerecognizedDirectassociation(i.e.,inventorysalesandcostoftheinventory)CoststhathavenodirectconnectionwithrevenueSystematicrecognition,usuallyintheperiodincurred第46頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六46?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ConsistencySameaccountingtreatmentgiventocomparabletransactionsfromperiodtoperiodEntityresultsfromseveralyearsarecomparableSupportstrendanalysisIfachangeismadeJustificationofchangeisdiscussedImpactofthechangeonthefinancialmustbeexplained第47頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六47?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FullDisclosureAccountingreportsmustdiscloseallthefactsthatmayinfluencethejudgmentofaninformedreaderMethodsofdisclosureParentheticalSupportingschedulesCross-referencesFootnotesReasonablesummaryofsignificantfinancialinformation第48頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六48?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.MaterialityConsiderstherelativesizeandimportanceofanitemtothebusinessentityImmaterialitemsnotsubjecttoconceptsandprinciplesHandleinmosteconomicalandexpedientmannerDoestheinformationinfluenceaninformedreaderofthefinancialstatements?Yes:materialNo:immaterial第49頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六49?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.IndustryPracticesIndustry-specificreportsDonotconformtogeneralaccountingguidelinesGovernmentregulationUniqueneedsorpeculiaritiesofanindustryEfforttominimizebutwillprobablyneverbecompletelyeliminated第50頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六50?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TransactionApproachRecordtransactionsthatAffectthefinancialpositionoftheentityCanbereasonablydeterminedinmonetarytermsManytransactionsarenonmonetaryinnatureNotrecordedMaybedisclosedincompliancewith“fulldisclosure”principle第51頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六51?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.CashBasisRecognizerevenuewhencashiscollectedRecognizeexpensewhencashispaidUsuallydoesnotprovidereasonableinformationabouttheearningcapabilityoftheentityintheshortrunAcceptabilityUsuallynotGAAPMaybeusedifdifferencebetweencashbasisandaccrualbasisisnotmaterial第52頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六52?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AccrualBasisRevenuerecognizedwhenrealized(realizationconcept)Expensesrecognizedwhenincurred(matchingconcept)Numerousyear-endadjustmentsrequiredMorecomplexthancashbasis第53頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，9點(diǎn)19分，星期六53?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AccrualBasis(cont’d)ResultismorerepresentationaloffinancialconditionSupportsthetimeperiodassumptionModifiedaccrualAdjustsforbuildingsandequipmentImmaterialitemsSpecificstandardshaveallowedthecashbasis第54頁(yè)，共59頁(yè)，