書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京匯佳職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inthepasttenyearsskyscrapershavedeveloped（）inChicagoandNewYorkCity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.harmoniously

【答案】B

【解析】homogeneously均勻地;simultaneously同時(shí)地,同步地;spontaneously自發(fā)地;harmoniously和諧地。句意為,在過去的十年里,摩天大樓在紐約和芝加哥同步發(fā)展起來了。

2.單選題

Fishingaddsonlyabout1percenttotheglobaleconomy,butonaregionalbasisitcancontributeenormouslytohumansurvival.Marinefisheriescontributemoretotheworld’ssupplyofproteinthanbeef,poultryoranyotheranimalsource.

Fishingtypicallydoesnotrequirelandownership,andbecauseitremains,ingeneralopentoall,itisoftentheemployeroflastresortinthedevelopingworld—anoccupationwhentherearenootheroptions.Worldwide,about200millionpeopledependonfishingfortheirlivelihoods.WithinSoutheastAsiaalone,morethanfivemillionpeoplefishfull-time.InnorthernChile40percentofthepopulationlivesofftheocean.InNewfoundlandmostemploymentcamefromfishingorservicingthatindustry—untilthecollapseofthecodfisheriesintheearly1990slefttensofthousandsofpeopleoutofwork.

Althoughdebatesovertheconservationofnaturalresourcesareoftencastasaconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,therestorationoffishpopulationswouldinfactboostemployment.MichaelP.SissenwineandAndrewA.RosenbergoftheU.S.NationalMarineFisheriesServicehaveestimatedthatifdepletedspecieswereallowedtorebuildtotheirlong-termpotential,theirsustainableusewouldaddabout$8billiontotheU.S.grossnationalproduct—andprovidesome300,000jobs.Iffishpopulationswererestoredandproperlymanaged,about20millionmetrictonscouldbeaddedtotheworld’sannualcatch.Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.

Thenecessaryreductioninfishingpowerneednotcomeattheexpenseofjobs.Governmentcouldincreaseemploymentandreducethepressureonfishpopulationsbydirectingsubsidiesawayfromhighlymechanizedships.Foreach$1millionofinvestment,industrial-scalefishingoperationsrequireonlyonetofivepeople,whereassmall-scalefisherieswouldemploybetween60to3,000.Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence.

1.Theanimalsourcewhichsuppliesthemostproteinforhumanbeingis.

2.Paragraph2impliesthat.

3.Intheconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,theauthortakessideswiththosewhoareinfavorof.

4.Thebalancebetweenjobsandtheemploymentcanbekeptif.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhatmakinglessuseofmoderntechnologymay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beef

B.fish

C.pork

D.chicken

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostofmen’semploymentisfromfishing

B.mancanalwaysturntofishingforemployment

C.fortypercentofChileansliveonfishingboatsorships

D.fishinghasbeenthebiggestindustryinNewfoundland

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.increasingtheannualcatch

B.creatingmorejobs

C.gettinggreaterfiscalprofitability

D.conservingnaturalresources

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fishingcapacityisfurtherincreased

B.fishingjobsarefurtherincreased

C.fewerwell-equippedfishingshipsareused

D.fewerspeciesareallowedtorebuild

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reducepressureonfishpopulations

B.threatentheworld’sannualcatch

C.increasegovernment’sinvestment

D.costtensofthousandsoffishermen’sjobs

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段第二句話Marinefisheriescontributemoretotheworld’ssupplyofproteinthanbeef,poultryoranyotheranimalsource.“海洋漁業(yè)對(duì)世界蛋白質(zhì)供應(yīng)的貢獻(xiàn)超過牛肉、家禽或任何其他動(dòng)物來源。”第二步，綜合理解，這里講的是魚類貢獻(xiàn)的蛋白質(zhì)比其他動(dòng)物來源更多所以這里答案選B選項(xiàng)“魚肉”，

A、C、D選項(xiàng)都是其他動(dòng)物來源，所以不選，這里屬于反向干擾。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第二段第一句的最后一個(gè)分句...itisoftentheemployeroflastresortinthedevelopingworld—anoccupationwhentherearenootheroptions.“……在發(fā)展中國家，這往往是最后的謀生手段——當(dāng)沒有其他選擇的時(shí)候時(shí)的一種職業(yè)”，當(dāng)人們沒有選擇的時(shí)候可以選擇這種職業(yè)，也就是人們總能通過漁業(yè)求生，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“人們總是可以通過捕魚來尋找工作”。

A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人的職業(yè)是捕魚”，定位到第二段第二句Worldwide,about200millionpeopledependonfishingfortheirlivelihoods.“全世界約有2億人以捕魚為生”。全球人口約60億，而漁業(yè)占2億，所以不能說大部分人靠漁業(yè)為生，這里屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“40%的智利人生活在漁船或船只上”，第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句話InnorthernChile40percentofthepopulationlivesofftheocean“在智利北部，40%的人口靠海洋為生”。第二步，綜合理解，該句只是說智利40%的人口靠海生活，并不是說40%的人口住在船上，這里屬于曲意理解。

D選項(xiàng)“捕魚一直是紐芬蘭最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)”，第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段最后一句話InNewfoundlandmostemploymentcamefromfishingorservicingthatindustry—untilthecollapseofthecodfisheriesintheearly1990slefttensofthousandsofpeopleoutofwork“在紐芬蘭，大部分就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)來自漁業(yè)或該行業(yè)的服務(wù)——直到20世紀(jì)90年代初鱈魚漁業(yè)的崩潰，導(dǎo)致數(shù)萬人失業(yè)”。第二步綜合理解，鱈魚在上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代就已經(jīng)崩潰了，因此紐芬蘭的漁業(yè)早就崩潰了。而題干用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表達(dá)的意思是漁業(yè)現(xiàn)在仍然是紐芬蘭的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，這不符合題意，這里屬于偷換概念。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第三段第一句話therestorationoffishpopulationswouldinfactboostemployment“但魚類數(shù)量的恢復(fù)實(shí)際上會(huì)促進(jìn)就業(yè)?！?，第二步綜合理解，從這里可知作者認(rèn)為保護(hù)資源和就業(yè)之間沒有沖突，保護(hù)了資源就能促進(jìn)就業(yè)，所以作者是支持保護(hù)自然資源的，所以答案選D“保護(hù)自然資源”。

A選項(xiàng)“增加年捕獲量”，定位到第三段最后一句話Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.“但是，要恢復(fù)生態(tài)平衡、財(cái)政盈利能力和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，就需要大幅減少商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)的能力，以便使野生種群能夠恢復(fù)”。這里作者倡導(dǎo)的是減少捕撈，所以這個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能選，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)”。見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于曲意理解。

C選項(xiàng)“獲得更大的財(cái)政盈利能力”。定位到第三段最后一句話Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.“但是，要恢復(fù)生態(tài)平衡、財(cái)政盈利能力和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，就需要大幅減少商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)的能力，以便使野生種群能夠恢復(fù)”。這句和題目無關(guān)，所以這里屬于偷梁換柱。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段第二句話Governmentcouldincreaseemploymentandreducethepressureonfishpopulationsbydirectingsubsidiesawayfromhighlymechanizedships.（政府可以通過減少對(duì)高度機(jī)械化船只的補(bǔ)貼來增加就業(yè)并減少對(duì)魚類種群的壓力）。第二步，綜合理解，上文講到捕魚能力的必要減少并不需要以犧牲就業(yè)為代價(jià)，然后作者提出了這個(gè)主意，減少對(duì)機(jī)械漁船的補(bǔ)貼，所以這里答案選C選項(xiàng)“更少的裝備精良的漁船”。

A選項(xiàng)“捕撈能力進(jìn)一步提高”，定位到第三段最后一句話...fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.“財(cái)政盈利能力和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全將需要大幅度降低商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)的能力，以便使野生種群能夠恢復(fù)”。從這里可知捕魚能力應(yīng)該減少而不是增加，所以不選A選項(xiàng)，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“漁業(yè)工作進(jìn)一步增加”。文章沒有提到工作的增加，這里屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“更少的物種被允許重建”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里講的是枯竭的物種允許其重建，而不是更少的物種恢復(fù)，這里屬于偷換概念。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段最后一句Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence“工業(yè)捕魚本身就威脅著數(shù)千萬小規(guī)模捕撈的漁民，因?yàn)樗麄冑囈陨娴聂~類正在枯竭”。第二步綜合理解，因?yàn)楣I(yè)捕魚導(dǎo)致漁業(yè)資源枯竭，更少的使用工業(yè)漁船也就是現(xiàn)代科技會(huì)讓漁業(yè)恢復(fù)，魚就會(huì)更多，魚類種群的壓力就沒有那么大了，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“減少對(duì)魚類種群的壓力”。

B選項(xiàng)“威脅到世界的年度捕撈”。定位到第四段最后一句Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence“工業(yè)捕魚本身就威脅著數(shù)千萬小規(guī)模捕撈的漁民，因?yàn)樗麄冑囈陨娴聂~類正在枯竭”。文章題干是減少現(xiàn)代科技的使用會(huì)威脅世界的年捕撈量，文章所描述的正是因?yàn)楣I(yè)漁船的使用才造成漁業(yè)資源枯竭的，這里屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“增加政府投資”。文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“損失了成千上萬漁民的工作”。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段第一句話Thenecessaryreductioninfishingpowerneednotcomeattheexpenseofjobs.“捕魚能力的必要減少并不需要以犧牲就業(yè)為代價(jià)”，所以D選項(xiàng)不選，這里屬于反向干擾。

3.單選題

Iftheinvestmenttaxcreditis()asapartoftaxreformplan,thecapital-intensivebusinessessuchassteel-makersandairlinerswillfaceahardtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repealed

B.inferred

C.induced

D.appealed

【答案】A

【解析】repealed廢止，撤銷；inferred推測；induced引誘，說服；appealed呼吁，求助。句意：如果投資抵稅被取消來作為稅收改革計(jì)劃的一部分，鋼鐵制造商和航空公司等資本密集型企業(yè)將面臨艱難時(shí)期。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Inhistime,heenjoyedareputation（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asgreatasthatofMozart’sifnotgreater

B.asgreat,orevengreater,thanMozart

C.asgreatalsogreaterthanMozart

D.greater,orasgreatasMozart

【答案】A

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。比較級(jí)的常見搭配為n.+as+adj.+assb/sth和某人/某物一樣……?？崭袂懊娴氖敲~reputation“聲譽(yù)”，B，C，D選項(xiàng)不符合同級(jí)比較和比較級(jí)的語法習(xí)慣。句意：這次，他獲得了如莫扎特一樣高的聲望（如果不是更高的話）。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Theactresswasvery（）attheinsultingquestionraisedbyheropponentatthe

conference.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extraterrestrial

B.explicit

C.indignant

D.innovative

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。extraterrestrial地球外的，宇宙的；explicit外在的，清楚的；indignant憤怒的，憤慨的；innovative創(chuàng)新的，革新的。根據(jù)句中insultingquestionraisedbyheropponent(對(duì)手提出的侮辱性問題)可知，她應(yīng)該是非常憤怒。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Theresultswereto______yesterday,butwehaveheardnothing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reveal

B.haverevealed

C.berevealed

D.havebeenrevealed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：結(jié)果本應(yīng)在昨天公布，但我們什么也沒有聽說。wereto表示過去將來時(shí)，根據(jù)reveal的動(dòng)作按照計(jì)劃在昨天就應(yīng)該被完成，確定用完成的狀態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)havebeenrevealed符合題意。A選項(xiàng)reveal是動(dòng)詞原形，B選項(xiàng)haverevealed只表示完成，C選項(xiàng)berevealed只表示被動(dòng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpeopleareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheAgeofReason

B.TheNeedforIndependentThinking

C.TheValueofRefutation

D.StirringPeople’sMinds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfullyrational

C.determinedoncontroversy

D.havingaclosedmind

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes

B.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

C.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers

D.Excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章由問句導(dǎo)入引出文章主題“思考者的首要職責(zé)是跟隨自己的思維能力達(dá)成其可能帶來的結(jié)論，沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)的人不可能是一位偉大的思考者”，然后指出“思考者需要獨(dú)立思考”的觀點(diǎn)以及后續(xù)段落圍繞“獨(dú)立思考的重要性”進(jìn)行論述，可推知B項(xiàng)“對(duì)獨(dú)立思考的需要”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“理性時(shí)代”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“反駁的價(jià)值”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

D選項(xiàng)“激動(dòng)人心的人們的思想”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第二段第一二三句話Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.（只知道自己一方（觀點(diǎn)）的人對(duì)這個(gè)知之甚少。她的（辯護(hù)）理由也許很好，沒人能反駁。但是如果她同樣不能反駁對(duì)方的理由；如果她連它們（對(duì)方的論點(diǎn)）是什么都不知道，她就沒有理由偏愛任何一種觀點(diǎn)），由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“要熟悉贊成某人不同意的觀點(diǎn)的論點(diǎn)”。

A選項(xiàng)“有無法反駁的觀點(diǎn)”，見正確答案解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“選擇自己最喜歡的觀點(diǎn)”，見正確答案解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

D選項(xiàng)“暫停異端的推測，支持教條主義的方法”，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），停止了異端猜測反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致思想停滯不前，這里屬于反向干擾，不選。

第3題:推理判斷題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），從這里可知是異端猜測暫停會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們進(jìn)入不了偉大的時(shí)代，也就是說異端學(xué)說活躍才導(dǎo)致思想活躍才會(huì)把人們帶入到偉大時(shí)代，而文藝復(fù)興是思想活躍的時(shí)期，所以我們會(huì)經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)“爭議原則”。

A選項(xiàng)“接受真理”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有，所以不選。

C選項(xiàng)“過度的熱情”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有，所以不選。

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)異端猜測的恐懼”，見正確解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。C選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及屬于無中生有，所以答案選C；

A選項(xiàng)“被傳統(tǒng)奴役”定位到第二段第四句Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.（對(duì)她來說，理性的立場是停止判斷，除非她滿足于這一點(diǎn)，否則她要么被權(quán)威人士所左右，要么像世界上大多數(shù)人一樣，站在她覺得最傾向的一邊），由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確；

B選項(xiàng)“不完全理性”，定位到第二段第三句話…ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeither（……如果她連它們是什么都不知道，她就沒有理由偏愛任何一種觀點(diǎn)），由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確；

D選項(xiàng)“封閉的思想”，定位到第二段第六句Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.（這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法，也不是讓它們與她的思想真正接觸的方法），從這里作者委婉地表達(dá)出像題干那樣做的人思想是封閉的，并沒有真正的接觸到反方思想，由此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），第二步，綜合理解，從這里可知那些沒有異端邪說的時(shí)代很難孕育出偉大的思想，反推就是偉大的時(shí)代存在異端學(xué)說，所以B選項(xiàng)正確；

A選項(xiàng)“真正偉大的思想家是不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)的”定位到第一段第二句Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.（即使一個(gè)經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)和準(zhǔn)備，自己思考的人犯錯(cuò)誤，也比那些僅僅因?yàn)椴蛔屪约核伎级钟姓_意見的人更能獲得真理），思想家不是不犯錯(cuò)誤是那些經(jīng)過自己思考的人即使想錯(cuò)了也比那些不經(jīng)思考的更能夠成為思想家的，由此可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)已被接受的觀點(diǎn)的反駁最好由自己的老師提供”，定位到第二段第五句話Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.（她也不應(yīng)該僅僅從她自己的老師那里聽到對(duì)手的論點(diǎn)，就像他們陳述的那樣，并伴隨著他們提出的反駁。），作者并不贊同被動(dòng)地從老師那接受思想并且附和老師觀點(diǎn)，這樣思想是得不到提高的，由此可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“過多的爭論會(huì)妨礙清晰的思考”，定位到第一段最后一句話Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.（當(dāng)爭論回避那些足以點(diǎn)燃人們熱情的大而重要的課題時(shí)，一個(gè)民族的思想就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)從它的基礎(chǔ)和沖動(dòng)中被激發(fā)出來，這種沖動(dòng)甚至把最普通的智力的人提高到有思想的人的尊嚴(yán)的程度），要想民族的思想激發(fā)出來就不能回避爭論，由此可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Thecountry'sproductiondroppedwhilepricesandunemployed（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.under-questioned

B.out-space

C.overestimated

D.skyrocketed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。under-question“在受盤問中”；out-space是名詞，意思是“外部空間”；overestimate“對(duì)……估計(jì)過高”；skyrocket“飛漲；猛漲”。While前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，前面提到“這個(gè)國家的生產(chǎn)下降”，因此后面是表示“價(jià)格和失業(yè)率在上升”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Itwasawonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceive

B.clutch

C.cherish

D.contrive

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。conceive“構(gòu)思，懷孕，考慮”；clutch“緊握，抓住”；cherish“珍惜”；contrive“設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)明，圖謀”。

句意：在未來的很多年里我們都會(huì)珍惜這個(gè)美好的時(shí)刻。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.寫作題

Somepeopletendtostudyasubjectinaveryintensivewayoverashortperiodoftime,whileotherstendtostudyasubjectconstantlyoveralongperiodoftime.Whatdoyouthinkisabetterwayoflearning?Explainwhy.

【答案】IntensiveLearningIsanEfficientWayforLearning11.單選題

John______betterthantogoswimmingrightaftereating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallknow

B.shouldn’tknow

C.hasknown

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：你應(yīng)該知道不能吃完飯就去游泳。根據(jù)John在之前就know剛吃完飯不能游泳，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；結(jié)合語境，這里指本來就該知道，加上情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后句意通順，D選項(xiàng)shouldhaveknown符合題意。A選項(xiàng)shallknow中shall意思為“將要”，不符合題意。B選項(xiàng)shouldn’tknow不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensiousofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposehighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinPara.2?

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(Para.3)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

B.identifyingthewaysthatrecentmovementsinpaintingandsculpturehaveinfluencedthetechniquesemployedbyseriousphotographers

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mechanical

B.Paradoxical

C.Superficial

D.Dramatic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thephotographers*beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrenderoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers'fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers'beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansanart

C.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

D.modemartthatdisplaysthetendencyofallModernistarttobecomeincreasinglyformalandabstract

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.題目問作者的文章主要是關(guān)注什么。根據(jù)文章第一段首句Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.最早的關(guān)于攝影與藝術(shù)的關(guān)系的爭論主要集中在攝影對(duì)于外表的保真度和對(duì)機(jī)器的依賴是否能夠允許它成為一門藝術(shù)，有別于僅僅實(shí)用的美術(shù)。后文主要通過討論攝影是否是一門藝術(shù)這個(gè)問題，然后分析了論點(diǎn)雙方對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度。綜合分析后可知主要是分析了攝影師對(duì)待藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，C選項(xiàng)“揭示了嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)于攝影作為藝術(shù)以及在歷史背景下的藝術(shù)態(tài)度”符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為“解釋了在十九世紀(jì)的爭議之后攝影是怎樣成作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的”；B項(xiàng)意為“鑒別在近期影響了被嚴(yán)肅的攝影師所采納的技術(shù)的繪畫和雕塑藝術(shù)中所用到的方式”；D項(xiàng)意為“定義嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)他們的藝術(shù)所采取的各種方法和評(píng)估這些方法的價(jià)值”不符合，排除。

2.theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism意為“被現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)的概念”。A項(xiàng)意為“呆板的，機(jī)械的”；B項(xiàng)意為“矛盾的”；C項(xiàng)意為“表面的，膚淺的”；D項(xiàng)意為“引人注目的”。本句所在句子意為“重要的攝影家們不再愿意辯論攝影是或者不是一種藝術(shù)，除了聲稱他們自己的作品不再涉及藝術(shù)，表明了在多大程度上他們簡單地認(rèn)為“被現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)的概念是理所當(dāng)然的”：藝術(shù)越好，越顛覆藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的。根據(jù)句意可知作者所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是‘矛盾的‘，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.題目問作者介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家的目的。根據(jù)第三段第二句‘Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.例如，那些假設(shè)的攝影師，通過拍照，他們越來越遠(yuǎn)離以繪畫藝術(shù)的自命不凡提醒我們的抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家想象他們擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的知識(shí)緊縮專注于繪畫的物理行為。‘可知作者主要是想舉出這樣的例子，A選項(xiàng)“是為了舉出像嚴(yán)肅的現(xiàn)代攝影師那樣的藝術(shù)家，否認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)上公認(rèn)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的目的”符合題意。

4.題目問哪一項(xiàng)最好地解釋了嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)于攝影是否是一門藝術(shù)的反應(yīng)。根據(jù)文章最后一句Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.許多專業(yè)攝影人員私下里己經(jīng)開始擔(dān)心，攝影作為藝術(shù)活動(dòng)促進(jìn)顛覆傳統(tǒng)的自命不凡已經(jīng)走得太遠(yuǎn)，引起公眾忘記攝影是一種獨(dú)特的高活動(dòng)總之，是一種藝術(shù)。確定D選項(xiàng)“攝影師認(rèn)為最好的藝術(shù)是對(duì)藝術(shù)的顛覆，就像之前定義的那樣”正確。

5.題目問作者很可能認(rèn)為嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影是一種……。A項(xiàng)意為“一種正努力要被認(rèn)可為美術(shù)的當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”；B項(xiàng)意為“一種要求敏感性的工藝，但絕不是藝術(shù)”；C項(xiàng)意為“顯示了現(xiàn)代主義的傾向，試圖顛覆主流的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”；D項(xiàng)意為“顯示所有的現(xiàn)代主義藝術(shù)的趨勢變得越來越正式和抽象的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段的闡述’thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythat...ofarthasgonesofar藝術(shù)越好，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。許多專業(yè)人士私下里開始擔(dān)心……藝術(shù)已經(jīng)走了這么遠(yuǎn)’確定C選項(xiàng)“顯示了現(xiàn)代主義的傾向，試圖顛覆主流的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”正確。

13.單選題

It’suptoyouwhethertobuythatvillaornotbutmyadviceis,beforeyourdecision,youmusthaveit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlooked

B.observed

C.scanned

D.surveyed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overlooked“忽略”；B選項(xiàng)observed“觀察，注意到”；C選項(xiàng)scanned“掃描，細(xì)看，瀏覽”；D選項(xiàng)surveyed“調(diào)查”。句意：這完全取決于你是否買那幢別墅了，但我的建議是，在決定之前，你必須仔細(xì)檢查一下。根據(jù)提