住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項(xiàng)“描述統(tǒng)計(jì)和推理統(tǒng)計(jì)的缺點(diǎn)”不符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的應(yīng)用”，推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)只是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的一類，不符合題意。選項(xiàng)D“使用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”跟選項(xiàng)B類似，描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)也只是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的一類。因此C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。

2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響?？芍狝選項(xiàng)“different”（不同的）正確。B選項(xiàng)“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C選項(xiàng)“recorded”（記錄的）排除。D選項(xiàng)“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)有一個“母親”，她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機(jī)構(gòu)的文件（國家和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)這兩個詞源于同一個拉丁語詞根，status），還有一個有紳士般的賭博“父親”，他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來提高技巧，以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知，選項(xiàng)D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的背景符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為：數(shù)據(jù)可能代表定性變量，如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型?？梢缘弥狟選項(xiàng)“height”沒有提及，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A“Gender”（性別），選項(xiàng)C“Collegemajor”（大學(xué)專業(yè)），選項(xiàng)D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格類型）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻譯為：推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的目的就是通過了解一個群體中一部分樣本的特征來預(yù)測或估計(jì)該群體的特征。則B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測整個人口的特征”正確。

2.單選題

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)spokesman“發(fā)言人；代言人”；B選項(xiàng)demagogue“煽動者；煽動家；煽動政治家”；C選項(xiàng)representative“代表；典型；眾議員；銷售代表”；D選項(xiàng)politician“政治家”。句意：他被指控為一名……，因?yàn)樗某兄Z在聽眾中激起了無用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners（在他的聽眾中激起了無用的希望）可知B選項(xiàng)與其意思對應(yīng)正確，結(jié)合此處語境，B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.寫作題

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreuniversitygraduatesgobacktotheirhometownintheruralareasandworkthereasteachersorvillagePartysecretaries,etC.afterobtainingtheirbachelorormasterdegrees.Somepeoplesaywhattheydogoesagainstconvention.Otherssaytheruralareasaredesperatelyinneedofskilledadministrators.Thenshoulduniversitygraduatesgotoworkinaruralarea?What’syouropinionaboutthisphenomenon?WriteapassageonthetopicIsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaaWasteofTalent?inabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.（寫在試題冊上無效。）

IsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaAWasteofTalent?

【答案】略。

4.單選題

Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.operate

B.contribute

C.monitor

D.send

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)operate“操作；經(jīng)營；引起；行動”；B選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力；投稿；捐獻(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)monitor“監(jiān)控”；D選項(xiàng)send“發(fā)送，寄；派遣；使進(jìn)入；發(fā)射”。句意：然后，她可以在電腦屏幕上操縱3d圖像，繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑”，得知A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。

5.單選題

Thereareactuallymanyconvincingreasonstousenaturalproducts,eventheregularhealthproductsarefilledwithchemicals.Allofthoseexcessivechemicalsdoalotharmtoyourbody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasive

B.confident

C.obedient

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)persuasive“有說服力的；勸誘的，勸說的”；B選項(xiàng)confident“自信的；確信的”；C選項(xiàng)obedient“順從的，服從的；孝順的”；D選項(xiàng)concrete“混凝土的；實(shí)在的，具體的；有形的”。句意：事實(shí)上，使用天然產(chǎn)品有很多令人信服的理由，即使是普通的保健品也充滿了化學(xué)物質(zhì)。所有這些過量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)都對你的身體有害。。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞convincing“令人信服的；有說服力的”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Diet-relateddiseasesalsocostsocietyintermsofdecreasedworkproductivity,increasedabsenteeism,poorerschoolperformance,andreducedfitnessonthepartofmilitary______,amongothernegativeeffects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recruits

B.reengineering

C.weapon

D.scene

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)recruits“新兵；新成員”；B選項(xiàng)reengineering“企業(yè)再造；再造工程；重建”；C選項(xiàng)weapon“武器，兵器”；D選項(xiàng)scene“場面；情景；景象；事件”。句意：與飲食有關(guān)的疾病也對社會造成負(fù)面影響，如工作效率下降、曠工增多、學(xué)習(xí)成績差、……身體素質(zhì)下降等。根據(jù)military（軍隊(duì)）以及fitness（身體素質(zhì)）可推測空白處應(yīng)該填“人”的單詞，因此B、C、D選項(xiàng)都可排除。A選項(xiàng)recruits（新兵）符合，結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

7.單選題

Condemnedtodeath,Socratescouldhaveescapedbutchosetodiebydrinkingpoison—seekingtrutheventothe______end.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strong

B.dead

C.dying

D.lethal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)strong“強(qiáng)壯的”；B選項(xiàng)dead“無生命的；呆板的；廢棄了的”；C選項(xiàng)dying“垂死的；臨終的；瀕臨消亡的；快要結(jié)束的”；D選項(xiàng)lethal“致命的”。句意：判處死刑，蘇格拉底本可以逃脫但選擇喝……毒藥尋求真理。根據(jù)poison（毒藥），A，B，C項(xiàng)都不能與poison（毒藥）進(jìn)行搭配，結(jié)合句意，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

8.翻譯題

中國園林是經(jīng)過三千多年演化而形成的獨(dú)具一格的園林景觀，是中國建筑不可分割的一部分。從建園者身份來看，中國園林主要分為兩類：皇家園林和私家園林?；始覉@林是為皇室成員享樂而建造，大多數(shù)皇家園林在北方。私家園林主要由學(xué)者、商人和政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造，南方比較多見。典型的中國園林周圍有圍墻，院內(nèi)有池塘、假山、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由彎曲的小路和走廊銜接的建筑，構(gòu)成了一種人與自然和諧相處的微縮景觀。

【答案】Chinesegardenisauniquelandscapeformedaftermorethanthreethousandyearsofevolution.ItisaninseparablepartofChinesearchitecture.Fromtheidentityofthegardeners,Chinesegardensaremainlydividedintotwocategories:imperialgardensandprivategardens.Theimperialgardenswerebuiltforthepleasureofthemembersoftheroyalfamily,mostoftheminthenorth.Privategardenswerebuiltmainlybyscholars,merchantsandgovernmentofficialstoescapefromthenoisyoutsideworld,especiallyintheSouth.TypicalChinesegardensaresurroundedbywalls,surroundedbyponds,rockery,trees,flowersandplants,aswellasvariousbuildingsconnectedbywindingpathsandcorridors,whichconstituteaminiaturelandscapeofharmonybetweenmanandnature.

9.單選題

Withoutdepartingfromthefundamentallawsoftheselfishgene,wecanseehowcooperationandmutualassistancecan___eveninabasicallyselfishworlD.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flourish

B.flutter

C.fluctuate

D.flush

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)flourish“繁榮，茂盛；茁壯成長，處于旺盛時期；揮舞；炫耀”；B選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動；（鳥或昆蟲）鼓翼；飛來飛去；（心臟等）怦怦亂跳；（人）奔忙”；C選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動；漲落；動搖”；D選項(xiàng)flush“發(fā)紅；使發(fā)光；因……興奮；沖洗，沖掉；把……趕出隱藏地；使暴露；綻出新芽；嵌平”。句意：在不違背自私基因的基本規(guī)律的情況下，我們可以看到即使在一個基本自私的世界里，合作和互助也是可以繁榮發(fā)展的。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

10.翻譯題

將模糊性(fuzzy,adj)和定性評價合理地轉(zhuǎn)化為定量評價，進(jìn)而選擇最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)解，是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵。論文運(yùn)用模糊綜合評判與比較的方法，以MicrosoftVisualBasic5.0為軟件平臺，建立了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助的設(shè)計(jì)方案擇優(yōu)系統(tǒng)。提供了對產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方案定量評價和擇優(yōu)、將結(jié)果存檔、調(diào)用和打印等功能。

【答案】Itisaveryimportantprocedureofproductdesigntotransformrationallyfuzzyandqualitativeevaluationintoquantitativeevaluationforoptimumsolution.Thispaperintroducesacomputer-aidedselectionsystemforoptimumsolutiontoproducedesign.ThesystemisestablishedontheplatformofMicrosoftVisualBasic5.0withthemethodoffuzzycomprehensivejudgmentsandcomparison.Ithasthefunctionsofquantitativeevaluation,selectionoftheoptimumdesignsolution,filling,consultingandprintingoftheoptimizedresults.

11.單選題

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detect“察覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測”；B選項(xiàng)declare“宣布，聲明；斷言，宣稱”；C選項(xiàng)reclaim“開拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗議，喊叫”；D選項(xiàng)require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用過的材料，例如，從舊輪胎中回收橡膠。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast￡80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover￡116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe￡11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay￡26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof￡80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段。A選項(xiàng)“特易購是所有零售商中最堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)自己聲譽(yù)的?！蓖茰y其他的零售商勾結(jié)，并沒有體現(xiàn)出捍衛(wèi)自身的聲譽(yù)，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明，特易購與阿斯達(dá)、懷斯曼、乳品佳潔士和奶酪公司串通操縱乳品價格?！崩斫忮e誤，特易購要證明自己并沒有與其他零售商勾結(jié)。C選項(xiàng)“特易購正盡力證明自己在丑聞中的清白?！庇深}干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million”中文翻譯：特易購正準(zhǔn)備打一場法律戰(zhàn)，以澄清自己卷入這起導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者損失2.7億英鎊的奶制品價格操縱丑聞的名聲。符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“由于特易購對反競爭行為的快速反應(yīng)，特易購獲得了8000萬英鎊的寬大處理。”理解錯誤，如果Tesco不能證明自己的清白，將面臨8000萬英鎊的罰款。D選項(xiàng)可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，A選項(xiàng)“Retailchains”（零售連鎖店），文中所說的零售商只是將奶制品的價格提供給公司，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“Famers”（農(nóng)民），文中所說的不確定農(nóng)民是否得到了錢。C選項(xiàng)“Dairycompanies”（乳制品公司），文中所說乳制品公司操縱了的價格，符合題意，C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“Politicians”（政治家），文中所說，財政部獲得了補(bǔ)償，因此，也可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”，中文翻譯為：特易購對此不以為然，并表示正準(zhǔn)備為自己的行為進(jìn)行強(qiáng)有力的辯護(hù)。A選項(xiàng)“自信的”，特易購正準(zhǔn)備為自己的行為進(jìn)行辯護(hù)，可推測他對行為很自信。A選項(xiàng)最符合詞義。B選項(xiàng)“生氣的”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)特易購生氣，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)性的”，不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat

thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻譯為：莫里森支持OFT對其接管的前Safeway業(yè)務(wù)的調(diào)查，但在一份聲明中表示，莫里森仍在為OFT進(jìn)行“強(qiáng)有力的辯護(hù)”。LactalisMcLelland的發(fā)言人表示，該公司正在與OFT“合作”。業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示，這三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的調(diào)查。判斷出C選項(xiàng)“業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示，莫里森是在試圖以不合作的方式拖延OFT的調(diào)查”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在處理OFT時，莫里森是最具防御性的”，這里并沒有體現(xiàn)莫里森具有防御性，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“莫里森不愿支持對前西夫韋公司的調(diào)查”，文中所說，莫里森支持對前Safeway公司的調(diào)查，因此，B選項(xiàng)錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“莫里森公司確實(shí)拒絕承認(rèn)與丑聞有關(guān)”，文中并沒有提及，可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“objective”（客觀的），文中作者對Tesco的態(tài)度比較客觀，符合題意，A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“biased”（有偏見的），文中并沒有體現(xiàn)作者對于Tesco的偏見，可排除；C選項(xiàng)“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合題意，可排除；D選項(xiàng)“optimistic”（積極的），不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disclosed“揭露的”；B選項(xiàng)created“創(chuàng)造的”；C選項(xiàng)disguised“偽裝的”；D選項(xiàng)distinguished“辨別的”。句意：一個世紀(jì)前，弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論，即夢是人們潛意識中欲望和恐懼……后的預(yù)示。A選項(xiàng)disclosed（揭露的）不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)created（創(chuàng)造的）不符合題意，可排除。C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

We'dbetterdiscussthesituationbeforewe___tobusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sitdown

B.putdown

C.comedown

D.getdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)sitdown“坐下；扎營”；B選項(xiàng)putdown“著陸；羞辱；放下；寫下；付定金；鎮(zhèn)壓（暴動、叛亂）”；C選項(xiàng)comedown“下來，降落；流傳下來；倒塌；落魄，失勢”；D選項(xiàng)getdown“下來；吞下；使沮喪”。句意：我們最好在談生意之前先討論一下形勢。結(jié)合此處語境，B為正確答案。

15.單選題

Themanager'sjobisnottomakedecisionsbuttocarryoutthedecisionsthedirectormakes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fulfill

B.accomplish

C.implement

D.affect

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fulfill“實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束”；B選項(xiàng)accomplish“完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到”；C選項(xiàng)implement“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；實(shí)現(xiàn)，使生效”；D選項(xiàng)affect“影響”。句意：經(jīng)理的工作不是做決定，而是執(zhí)行主管做的決定。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞makedecision（做決定），得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Sheisveryresourceful,andshecanalwaysfindawayaroundanyproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delightful

B.responsible

C.industrious

D.smart

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)delightful“可愛的，可喜的；討人喜歡的；令人愉快的”；B選項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；有責(zé)任的”；C選項(xiàng)industrious“勤勉的”；D選項(xiàng)smart“聰明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厲害的；瀟灑的；劇烈的；時髦的”。句意：她足智多謀，總能找到解決任何問題的辦法。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞resourceful“足智多謀的；機(jī)智的”，得知D為正確答案。

17.單選題

Ican’t___whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.figureout

B.drawout

C.lookout

D.workout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)figureout“了解，弄清楚”；B選項(xiàng)drawout“拉長”；C選項(xiàng)lookout“留神，小心”；D選項(xiàng)workout“解決出，算出”。句意：我不知道這些蔬菜怎么了，因?yàn)樗鼈兪墙裉煸缟蟿傉?。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Mr.ObamaisthefirstpresidentsinceRichardM.Nixontobe______andelectedwhilelivinginacityneighborhood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.nominated

C.represented

D.positioned

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appointed“任命；約定；命令；受權(quán)處置的”；B選項(xiàng)nominated“提名……為候選人；任命的”；C選項(xiàng)represented“代表；表現(xiàn)；描寫”；D選項(xiàng)positioned“放置；確定……的位置”。句意：奧巴馬是自理查德?M?尼克松（RichardM.Nixon）以來，第一位居住在城市社區(qū)并被提名和選舉的總統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)以及D項(xiàng)都可排除，A項(xiàng)appointed的意思是“任命；委任”，指不經(jīng)過選擇的官方委任，也可排除。B選項(xiàng)nominated通常指為某一公職的候選人，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generosity

B.sincerity

C.certainty

D.flexibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)generosity“慷慨，大方；寬宏大量”；B選項(xiàng)sincerity“真實(shí)，誠摯”；C選項(xiàng)certainty“必然；確實(shí)；確實(shí)的事情”；D選項(xiàng)flexibility“靈活性；彈性；適應(yīng)性”。句意：由于親戚們的慷慨，埃倫最近得到了很多錢。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Thelossofhis______stemsfromgivingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credibility

B.cradle

C.corruption

D.convention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credibility“可信性；確實(shí)性”；B選項(xiàng)cradle“搖籃；發(fā)源地；發(fā)祥地；支船架”；C選項(xiàng)corruption“貪污，腐??；墮落”；D選項(xiàng)convention“大會”。句意：他之所以失去……，是因?yàn)樗p易地做出承諾，卻從不兌現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文givingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.（輕易地做出承諾，卻從不兌現(xiàn)）可以推測他不是一位守信的人，結(jié)合句意A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandfunction

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandarrangement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻譯為：其中一個是大腦左側(cè)控制語言的細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的。然而，在學(xué)習(xí)障礙者中，這些細(xì)胞是灰色的。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒有按照應(yīng)有的方式排列。神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“white”“gray”可排除A、C選項(xiàng)，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（細(xì)胞不在一條線上）可排除B選項(xiàng)，因此可判斷D選項(xiàng)“顏色和排列”正確。

2.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能來自大腦的未知區(qū)域?！痹谖闹胁]有提及，因此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由于大腦大面積受損造成的。”在文中第五段“Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻譯：他認(rèn)為大腦的這一側(cè)不能正常發(fā)育。他說，很可能那里的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒有正常連接。所以大腦就像一個電線交叉的電子裝置?？赏茰y，大腦受損導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)障礙。因此B選項(xiàng)正確，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由腦細(xì)胞的異常組織引起的?！痹谖闹械诙巍癟hereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻譯：毫無疑問，所有的學(xué)習(xí)障礙都是由大腦組織方式的差異造成的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合原文意思，可排除。D選項(xiàng)Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由左腦問題引起的?！笨啥ㄎ坏轿闹械谖宥巍癉octorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻譯：Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由左腦問題引起的。因此，D選項(xiàng)也是直接來自原文，可排除。

3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（許多因素導(dǎo)致了學(xué)習(xí)障礙），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻譯：科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類的學(xué)習(xí)障礙，它們是由許多不同的事情引起的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人沒有外在的跡象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻譯：你不能看著一個孩子就知道他或她是否有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。沒有這種紊亂的外在跡象。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（閱讀障礙是影響10%人口的一個常見問題），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻譯：大約有10%的兒童患有這種疾病。與C選項(xiàng)不符，因此C選項(xiàng)錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動與正常兒童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知學(xué)習(xí)障礙者控制語言的左腦細(xì)胞是灰色的，而這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的?？赏茰y學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動與正常兒童不同。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻譯：達(dá)菲在波士頓兒童醫(yī)院醫(yī)療中心試驗(yàn)了他的技術(shù)。達(dá)菲博士

說，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域。A選項(xiàng)“他找到了學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題不僅限于左腦”，達(dá)菲博士的研究證明“閱讀障礙還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域”，因此，選項(xiàng)B正確。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題是由左腦造成的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題并不在于大腦的左側(cè)”不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“研究可能對大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“研究兒童如何學(xué)習(xí)讀寫和使用數(shù)字”，C選項(xiàng)“幫助學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童發(fā)展智力”，D選項(xiàng)“探討左腦在語言學(xué)習(xí)中的作用”。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“達(dá)菲博士說，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域?！?，由此可推測接下來的研究會探討“大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Hetopsamongthebestcarracingofthepastfiftyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.projects

B.shows

C.displays

D.rates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)projects“計(jì)劃；設(shè)計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)shows“展示，表演”；C選項(xiàng)displays“顯示”；D選項(xiàng)rates“比率；等級”。句意：他在過去五十年最好的賽車比賽中名列前茅。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語thebestcarracing（最好的賽車比賽），B，C選項(xiàng)意思相近可以排除，A選項(xiàng)projects（設(shè)計(jì)）也可排除，D選項(xiàng)rates（等級）最符合詞義。

23.單選題

Mybosshasalwaysattendedtothe___ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.stimulation

C.transition

D.solution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)transaction“交易；事務(wù)；辦理；會報，學(xué)報”；B選項(xiàng)stimulation“刺激；激勵，鼓舞”；C選項(xiàng)transition“過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；[分子生物]