住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中共中央黨?？荚嚸麕熝侯}精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Amanwhobecomesconsciousoftheresponsibilityhebearstowardahumanbeingwhoaffectionatelywaitsforhim,won’tbeabletothrowawayhislife.Heknowsthe“（）’’forhisexistence,andwillbeabletobearany“（

）”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.how...why

B.why...how

C.when...Why

D.where...how

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。how表方式，why表原因，when表時(shí)間，where表地點(diǎn)，根據(jù)題意，他知道她存在的原因和意義，可知第一空填why。句意：一個(gè)人如果意識(shí)到他對(duì)一個(gè)深情地等待著他的人所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任，他就不能拋棄自己的生命。因?yàn)樗麜?huì)意識(shí)到自己存在的原因，并且能夠承受未來(lái)的一切。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Non-violentdirectactionrubs（）ofpopularopinioninordertogetitselfnoticedamidaseaofself-interest,apathyandday-to-daydistractions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.againstthegrain

B.againstthesalt

C.withagrain

D.withasalt

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題意，非暴力的直接行動(dòng)違背公眾的意見(jiàn)，為了讓自己在自我利益、漠不關(guān)心和日常的干擾中引人注目。所以這里是指與公眾的意見(jiàn)相違背。選項(xiàng)C和D可排除。搭配“againstthegrain”的意思為“格格不入，違反意愿”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

AfamilysquabbleforoneofAsh’sgreatestfortunes（）yesterdayaslawmakersandrelativesofStanleyHo,theMacaocasinotycoon,arguedoverthevalidityofacontroversialsharetransfer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.burstopen

B.burstoutopen

C.burstintoopen

D.burstintotheopen

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配burstinto“突然進(jìn)入……”，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除，into后接一個(gè)名詞，theopen作名詞形式。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Theperiodofhistorywhichiscommonlycalled“modern”hasamentaloutlookwhichdiffersfromthatofthemedievalperiodinmanyways.Ofthese,twoare（1）:thediminishingauthorityoftheChurch,andtheincreasingauthorityofscience.（2）,othersareconnected.Thecultureof（3）ismorelaythanclerical.StatesincreasinglyreplacetheChurchasthegovernmentalauthoritythatcontrolsculture.Thegovernmentofnationsis,atfirst,mainly（4）kings;then,asinancientGreece,thekingsaregraduallyreplacedbydemocraciesortyrants.ThepowerofthenationalState,andthefunctionsthatitperforms,（5）throughoutthewholeperiod(apartfromsomeminorfluctuations);butatmosttimestheStatehaslessinfluenceontheopinionsofphilosophersthantheChurch（6）intheMiddleAges.Thefeudalaristocracy,（7）,northoftheAlps,hasbeenable,tillthefifteenthcentury,toholditsownagainstcentralgovernments,losesfirstitspoliticalandthenitseconomicimportance.Itisreplacedbytheking（8）richmerchants;thesetwosharepowerindifferentproportionsindifferentcountries.Thereisatendencyfor（9）tobecomeabsorbedintothearistocracy.FromthetimeoftheAmericanandFrenchRevolutionsonwards,democracy,inthemodernsense,becomesanimportantpoliticalforce.Socialism,（10）democracybasedonprivateproperty,firstacquiresgovernmentalpowerin1917.Thisformofgovernment,however,ifitspreads,mustobviouslybringwithitanewformof（11）:theculturewithwhichweshallbeconcernedisinthemain“l(fā)iberal”,（12）,ofthekindmostnaturallyassociatedwithcommerce.（13）thereareimportantexceptions,especiallyinGermany;FichteandHegel,totaketwoexamples,haveanoutlookwhichistotallyunconnectedwithcommerce.But（14）arenottypicaloftheirage.

Therejectionofecclesiasticalauthority,whichisthenegativecharacteristicofthemodernage,beginsearlierthan（15）characteristic,whichistheacceptanceof（16）.IntheItalianRenaissance,scienceplayedaverysmallpart;theoppositiontotheChurch,inmen’sthoughts,wasconnectedwithantiquity,andlookedstilltothepast,buttoamoredistantpastthan（17）theearlyChurchandtheMiddleAges.Thefirstseriousirruptionof（18）wasthepublicationoftheCopemicantheoryin1543;but（19）didnotbecomeinfluentialuntilitwastakenupandimprovedbyKeplerandGalileointheseventeenthcentury.Thenbeganthelong（20）betweenscienceanddogma,inwhichtraditionalistsfoughtalosingbattleagainstnewknowledge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreimportant

B.theleastimportant

C.lessimportant

D.themostimportant

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Withthesetwo

B.Ofthesetwo

C.Amongthese

D.Aboutthese

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.medievalperiod

B.Christiantime

C.moderntimes

D.scientifictime

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.inthehandsof

B.athandof

C.athandsof

D.inthehandof

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.growingsteady

B.growsteadily

C.growssteadily

D.growsteady

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.has

B.had

C.is

D.was

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.forwhich

C.which

D.what

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.inallegianceto

B.beingallergicto

C.inalliancewith

D.inallianceof

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.theking

B.theChurch

C.theAlps

D.therichmerchants

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.asopposingto

B.inoppositeto

C.asopposedto

D.inoppositionbetween

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.culture

B.government

C.democracy

D.socialism

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.furthermore

C.moreover

D.thatistosay

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Forthis

B.Tothis

C.Atit

D.Byit

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.suchexamples

B.theseoutlooks

C.suchexceptions

D.thesetwofigures

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.thepositive

B.apositive

C.thepessimistic

D.apessimistic

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.churchauthority

B.scientificauthority

C.liberalism

D.socialism

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.thatof

B.thatin

C.of

D.in

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.thepublication

B.anauthority

C.science

D.atheory

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.thispublication

B.thistheory

C.theirruption

D.science

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.compromise

B.opposition

C.fight

D.period

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:C

【解析】（1）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格前一句，“whichdiffersfromthatofthemedievalperiodinmanyways”，可知現(xiàn)代的精神面貌在很多方面與中世紀(jì)不同，空格下文提到在這些方面中，有兩個(gè)方面應(yīng)該是最重要的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。根據(jù)空格后“connected”可知，題目考查固定搭配“beconnectedwith”，意為“和……聯(lián)系”，文意為其他方面與這兩個(gè)方面相互聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后的“ismorelaythanclerical”，可知這種文化是比教權(quán)主義更加世俗的。根據(jù)上文提到了這種文化是教會(huì)主義的削弱和科學(xué)權(quán)威的提升，可知應(yīng)該是指現(xiàn)代文化。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（4）固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前“Thegovernmentofnationsis”，可知起初，國(guó)家的政府主要由國(guó)王掌握管理。固定搭配“inthehandsof”意為“由……掌握”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（5）考查語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，可排除A和D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)空格前的“performs”可知，句子應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為“ThepowerofthenationalState,andthefunctions”，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用原形grow，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（6）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題意，可知國(guó)家對(duì)哲學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)的影響比中世紀(jì)教會(huì)帶來(lái)的影響更小，所以空格中提到的是中世紀(jì)教會(huì)的影響，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（7）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)文章，“Thefeudalaristocracy…h(huán)asbeenable…toholditsownagainstcentralgovernments…”，可知空格前后兩句的關(guān)系為修飾關(guān)系，空格后一句是用來(lái)修飾空格前的“Thefeudalaristocracy”。兩句有逗號(hào)隔開，可知空格所在的句子為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（8）固定搭配。inalliancewith“與……聯(lián)盟”，inallegianceto“獻(xiàn)身于”，beingallergicto“對(duì)是過(guò)敏的”；沒(méi)有固定搭配inallianceof。句意：取而代之的是，國(guó)王和富商聯(lián)盟。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格上文，“thesetwosharepowerindifferentproportionsindifferentcountries.”，這兩種階層在不同的國(guó)家有不同的權(quán)力?！皌hesetwo”是指國(guó)王和富商。根據(jù)空格后“tobecomeabsorbedintothearistocracy”，可知這類人有被吸收成為貴族階級(jí)的趨勢(shì)，所以這類人應(yīng)該是富商。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（10）固定搭配。asopposedto“與……截然相反，對(duì)照”；inoppositeto“反對(duì)，在……對(duì)面”；沒(méi)有搭配asopposingto；inoppositionbetween“在……間的對(duì)立面”。句意：社會(huì)主義與民主主義相反，民主主義是基于私有的民主，而社會(huì)主義在1917年首次獲得政府權(quán)利。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（11）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后的theculture可知，上文應(yīng)該提到的是帶來(lái)一種新的文化形式，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（12）連詞詞義辨析。however“然而，可是”；furthermore“此外，而且”；moreover“而且，此外”；thatistosay“就是，換言之”。句意：我們所關(guān)心的的文化主要是“自由主義者”，換言之，就是自然而然地和商業(yè)聯(lián)系起來(lái)的一種文化。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（13）固定搭配?？崭窈蟮膃xceptions和介詞to構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為“針對(duì)……的例外情況”。句意：針對(duì)這種文化會(huì)與商業(yè)自然而然聯(lián)系起來(lái)的這種情況，也存在很多重要的例外，特別是在德國(guó)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，空格前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空格前提到了文化不與商業(yè)聯(lián)系的例外情況，所以空格后句意應(yīng)為：這樣的例外在他們的年代并不典型。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（15）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格前，“whichisthenegativecharacteristicofthemodernage”，可知提到了現(xiàn)代的消極特征，那么與空格的“積極特征”形成對(duì)應(yīng)，消極特征比積極特征開始得早得多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂疤岬搅朔穸ń虝?huì)的權(quán)威是現(xiàn)代的消極特征，根據(jù)空格后文提到的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，科學(xué)發(fā)揮了重大作用，可知空格中指代“對(duì)科學(xué)權(quán)威的接受”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)單詞than可知前后存在比較關(guān)系，用指示代詞that指代thepast，使前后具有可比性?？崭窈蟮脑缙诮烫煤椭惺兰o(jì)年代對(duì)that起限定修飾作用，所以用介詞of連接，使其充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（18）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后文“thepublicationoftheCopernicantheory”，可知哥白尼理論的發(fā)表是一種科學(xué)的介入。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（19）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，內(nèi)容形成對(duì)應(yīng)?？崭袂疤岬搅烁绨啄崂碚?，空格后繼續(xù)闡述哥白尼理論直到17世紀(jì)被開普勒和伽利略采用和改善才變得有影響力。所以空格指代哥白尼理論。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（20）名詞詞義辨析。compromise“妥協(xié)，折衷”；opposition“反對(duì)”；fight“斗爭(zhēng)”；period“周期，時(shí)期”。句意：這開始了科學(xué)和教條之間的長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)，傳統(tǒng)主義在與新知識(shí)的戰(zhàn)斗中失敗了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Butthechanges,evenatthisearlystageofthe2012campaign,haveprovenmoredramaticand（）thanallbutthemost（）analysthadimagined.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exciting...pessimistic

B.unsettling...fretful

C.upsetting...optimistic

D.discomposing...lighthearted

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Exciting“興奮的，激動(dòng)的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；unsettling“使人不安的”；fretful“焦躁的”；upsetting“令人苦惱的”；optimistic“樂(lè)觀的”；discomposing“使不安”；lighthearted“無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的”。句意：但事實(shí)證明，即便是在2012年競(jìng)選早期，這些變化也比最焦躁不安的分析學(xué)家想象的更為劇烈和令人不安。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Modempersuasionadvertisingblossomedasafunctionofmarketsthatwerelesscompetitivebyeconomists'standards,andaregenerallyreferredtoasoligopolies.Thesearemarketswhereahandfuloffirmsdominateoutputorsalesintheindustry,andwheretheyhavesufficientmarketpowerthattheycansetthepriceatwhichtheirproductsells.Thekeytoanoligopolyisthatitisverydifficultfornewcomerstoenterthemarket,nomatterhowprofitableitmaybe,becauseofthepoweroftheexistingplayers.Underoligopolythereisstrongdisincentivetoengageinpricewarfaretoexpandone'smarketshare,becauseallthemainplayersarelargeenoughtosurviveapricewarandallitwoulddoisshrinkthesizeoftheindustryrevenuepiethatthefirmsarefightingover.Indeed,thepriceinanoligopolisticindustrywilltendtogravitatetowardwhatitwouldbeinapuremonopolysothecontendersarefightingforslicesofthelargestpossiblerevenuepie.

Atfirstblush,thisisaprettyaccuratepictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.Theeconomyhasbecomefarmoremonopolisticoverthepastthirtyyears.Itisalsoagoodway,thoughbynomeanstheonlyway,tounderstandtheemergenceanddominanceofadvertising.Althoughfirmsarenotinwhateconomiststermcompetitivemarkets,theyaremostdefinitelyengagedinmonopolisticcompetitionwitheachothertomaximizetheirprofits.Advertisingemergesfrontandcenterasamajorwaytoincreasemarketsharewithoutengagingindestructiveprofit-damagingpricecompetition.

Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections,meaningthereareusuallyonlytwooptionsthatcouldconceivablywin,and,asinanoligopoly,theseduopolistshaveusedtheir"marketpower"—inthiscasecontroloverelectionlaws---tomakeitallbutimpossibleforathirdpartytosuccessfullyestablishitselfasalegitimatecontender.Evenprimaryelectionsarealmostalwaysamatterofnomorethantwoorthreeviableentrantsexceptinaverysmallnumberofraces.Ineconomictheorythisleadstoaninterestingconclusion:asJ.Schorhasputit,thesmartplayforafirminaduopolyistoactliketheotherfirm,nottodifferentiateitself.

Macphersonwasamongthefirsttounderstandmodemelectoralpolitics-thetwo-partysystem-intermsofoligopolisticandduopolisticmarketpractices.“Wheretherearesofewsellers,"Macphersonwroteconcerningpoliticalparties,"theyneednotanddonotrespondtobuyers'demandsastheymustdoinafullycompetitivesystem."Thismeansthattheparties,likeoligopolisticfirms,can"createthedemandforpoliticalgoods"andlargelydictatethe"demandscheduleforpoliticalgoods."InMacpherson'sargument,aduopolisticpartysysteminamodemcapitalistsocietyliketheUnitedStateswilltendtogravitatetoprovidinga"competitionbetweenelites,"whicharethedrivingforceand”formulatetheissues."Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.InMacpherson'sview,thetwo-partysystemwasidealfortheproductionofcitizenapathyandde-politicizationandforthemaintenanceofeliterule;i.e.whatwouldbecalleda“weakdemocracy”.

1.Withwhatthemeisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingparagraph1and2isto（）.

3.Whatdoesthephrase“frontandcenter”inparagraph2mean?

4.Thehighlightedsentence“Thebasics...ordiscussion”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutintheparagraphfollowingthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.PoliticalAdvertising.

B.OligopolyMarket.

C.WeakDemocracy.

D.ModemElectoralPolitics.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.statewhypoliticaladvertisingappearedinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturiesinAmerica.

B.emphasizethatitisarealpictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.

C.statethatthesituationinAmericanelectionrealmisthesameastheoneinitseconomicrealm.

D.explainthattheoligopolymarketeconomyhasaspecialfunctionintheU.S.economicrealm.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Infront.

B.Attheforefront.

C.Inthecenter.

D.Inthemiddle.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinsecret.

B.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinpublic.

C.Thetwopartieswouldnotaskthepublictodiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomy.

D.Thetwopartieshavethesameideaaboutthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomysotheywouldnotdiscussthemanymore.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.HeislikelytoanalyzetheissuesformulatedbyaduopolisticpartysystemintheUnitedStates.

B.HeislikelytoexplainAmericancitizenapathyanddepoliticizationindetail.

C.Heislikelytogivesomesupportingevidenceofa"weakdemocracy".

D.Heislikelytoprovidesomeexamplesofa"competitionbetweenelites"

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題?？v觀全文，文章前半部分主要提到了與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的規(guī)律，壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了重大影響。文章后半部分將壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)層面延伸至政治層面，提出在政治選舉中也出現(xiàn)了相似的壟斷統(tǒng)治規(guī)律，這樣的民主實(shí)際上不是真正的民主。所以，本文主要圍繞現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的選舉政治這個(gè)話題展開的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推斷題。文章一二段主要提到了在經(jīng)濟(jì)層面出現(xiàn)的一種壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致供不應(yīng)求。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections”，可知選舉領(lǐng)域和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域類似，在選舉中往往是雙頭壟斷?？赏茢喑鲆欢翁岬降慕?jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象主要是為了引出政治層面存在的政治壟斷現(xiàn)象。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。Infront“在前面”；Attheforefront“最前沿”；Inthecenter“在中央，表具體位置”；Inthemiddle“在中間，表具體位置”。句意：廣告作為一種增加市場(chǎng)份額的主要方式出現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)的前端，不從事破壞性的、損益性的價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.”，可知政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)是兩黨一致同意的，不公開辯論或討論。這里是說(shuō)兩黨在政治方面壟斷，因此并不是說(shuō)他們對(duì)于政治經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)有一致觀點(diǎn)，而是完全由他們議定，不讓公眾或其他黨派插手。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“whatwouldbecalleda‘weakdemocracy’”，可知在文章末尾出現(xiàn)了Macpherson關(guān)于weakdemocracy的觀點(diǎn)，可推斷出，在接下來(lái)的文段中，可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步對(duì)weakdemocracy進(jìn)行討論。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Chinaisfarfromperfectandseeksitsownadvantage,butholdingit（

）ourdomesticproblemsisbeyondanachronistic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accountfor

B.accountingto

C.accountedto

D.accountablefor

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。accountfor“負(fù)有責(zé)任，占比例”；accountto“報(bào)賬”；hold(sb./sth.)accountablefor“讓某人對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)”。句意：中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)非完美，而是在尋求自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)，如果讓它來(lái)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)問(wèn)題承擔(dān)責(zé)任，那就相當(dāng)不合時(shí)宜。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Thechallengesthesesuper-tallbuildingsfaceareplentiful,requiringenormousfinancialresources,sophisticatedengineeringskills,a（）willamongstallpartiesinvolvedtomakeithappenandfinallypeoplewillingtowork,live,useandpayforthemonadailybasis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consolidated

B.consoled

C.consoling

D.consolidating

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。consolidated“鞏固的，統(tǒng)一的”；console“安慰”；consoling“可安慰的”；consolidating“鞏固，合并”。句意：這些超高層建筑面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，需要大量的資金、復(fù)雜的工程技術(shù)，在所有相關(guān)的各方中都有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的意愿來(lái)完成它。最后人們每天為它工作、生活，使用它并且為它付款。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Thenutritionofacommon-wealth（）theplenty,anddistributionofmaterialsconducingtolife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistsof

B.consistsin

C.isconsistentwith

D.iscomposedof

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。consistsof“由......組成”；consistsin“存在于......”；isconsistentwith“與......一致”；iscomposedof“由......組成”。句意：共同財(cái)富的好處在于有益于生活的物質(zhì)的豐富性和物質(zhì)分配。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.翻譯題

Iamgratefulfortheinvitationtoparticipateinthisimportantconference,andIinterpretitasevidencethatstudentsofcreativitythemselvespossessthesensitivitytodivergentapproachesthattheyseektoidentifyinothers.ButIamnotaltogethersanguineabouttheoutcomeofyourexperimentwithme.Asmostofyoualreadyknow,Iamnopsychologist,butratheranex-physicistnowworkinginthehistoryofscience.Probablymyconcernisnolesswithcreativitythanyourown,butmygoals,mytechniques,andmysourcesofevidencearesoverydifferentfromyoursthatIamfarfromsurehowmuchwedo,orevenshould,havetosaytoeachother.Thesereservationsimplynoapology;rathertheyhintatmycentralthesis.Inthesciences,asIshallsuggestbelow,itisoftenbettertodoone’sbestwiththetoolsathandthantopauseforcontemplationofdivergentapproaches.Ifapersonofmybackgroundandinterestshasanythingrelevanttosuggesttothisconference,itwillnotbeaboutyourcentralconcerns,thecreativepersonalityanditsearlyidentification.Butimplicitinthenumerousworkingpapersdistributedtoparticipantsinthisconferenceisanimageofthescientificprocessandofthescientist;thatimagealmostcertainlyconditionsmanyoftheexperimentsyoutryaswellastheconclusionsyoudraw;andaboutitthehistorianmaywellhavesomethingtosay.Ishallrestrictmyattentiontooneaspectofthisimage--anaspectepitomizedasfollowsinoneoftheworkingpapers:Thebasicscientist“mustlackprejudicetoadegreewherehecanlookatthemost‘self-evident’factsorconceptswithoutnecessarilyacceptingthem,and,conversely,allowhisimaginationtoplaywiththemostunlikelypossibilities”.Inthemoretechnicallanguagesuppliedbyotherworkingpapers,thisaspectoftheimagerecursasanemphasisupon“divergentthinking,thefreedomtogooffindifferentdirections,...rejectingtheoldsolutionandstrikingoutinsomenewdirection.”Idonotatalldoubtthatthisdescriptionof“divergentthinking”andtheconcomitantsearchforthoseabletodoitareentirelyproper.Somedivergencecharacterizesallscientificwork,andgiganticdivergenceslieatthecoreofthemostsignificantepisodesinscientificdevelopment.Butbothmyownexperienceinscientificresearchandmyreadingofthehistoryofsciencesleadmetowonderwhetherflexibilityandopen-mindednesshavenotbeentooexclusivelyemphasizedasthecharacteristicsrequisiteforbasicresearch.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

正如你們大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)知道的那樣，我不是心理學(xué)家，而是現(xiàn)在從事科學(xué)歷史工作的一位前物理學(xué)家。也許我對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)心程度不比你們少，但是我的目標(biāo)、技巧和證據(jù)來(lái)源與你的有很大的不同，以至于不確定我們要做多少，或者應(yīng)該對(duì)彼此說(shuō)多少。這些保留并不意味著一種辯護(hù)，相反它們暗示了我的中心論點(diǎn)。在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，正如以下我暗示到的，與其停下來(lái)去沉思不同的方法，不如好好利用手頭的工具。

我將把我的注意力集中于這個(gè)形象的一個(gè)方面，我在論文中將這個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了概括：基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)家“一定要沒(méi)有偏見(jiàn)，達(dá)到一種能查看‘不言自明’的事物或概念的程度，并且沒(méi)有必要接受它們，相反地，允許自己的想象力發(fā)揮到最不可能的可能。

”我對(duì)“發(fā)散思維”的描述一點(diǎn)都不覺(jué)得懷疑，對(duì)那些能夠進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維的人伴隨進(jìn)行的搜尋是完全恰當(dāng)?shù)?。所有的科學(xué)工作者都存在分歧，并且巨大的分歧在科學(xué)發(fā)展中存在于意義最為深重的核心中。但是通過(guò)我自己的科學(xué)研究經(jīng)歷和對(duì)科學(xué)史的閱讀，我懷疑靈活性和無(wú)偏見(jiàn)是否被專有地強(qiáng)調(diào)成為基礎(chǔ)研究的必要特征。

11.單選題

ThenIsawinmydream,thatwhentheyweregotoutofthewilderness,theypresentlysawatownbeforethem,andthenameofthetownisVanity;andatthetownthereisafairkept,calledVanityFair;itiskeptalltheyearlong.ItbearsthenameofVanityFair,becausethetownwhereitiskeptislighterthanvanity,andalsobecauseallthatistheresold,orthatcomesthither,isvanity.Asisthesayingofthewise,“Allthatcomesisvanity.”

Thisfairisnonewlybegunbusiness,butathingofancientstanding.Iwillshowyoutheoriginalofit.

Almostfivethousandyearsago,therewerepilgrimswalkingtotheCelestialCity,asthesetwohonestpersonsare;andBeelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions,perceivingbythepaththatthepilgrimsmade,thattheirwaytothecitylaythroughthistownofVanity,theycontrivedheretosetupafair;afairwhereinshouldbesoldallsortsofvanity,andthatitshouldlastalltheyearlong.Thereforeatthisfairareallsuchthingssold,ashouses,lands,trades,places,honors,preferments,titles,countries,kingdoms,lusts,pleasures,anddelightsofallsorts,aswives,husbands,children,masters,servants,lives,blood,bodies,souls,silver,gold,pearls,preciousstones,andwhatnot.

And,moreover,atthisfairthereisatalltimestobeseencheats,games,plays,fools,apes,knaves,androgues,andthatofeverykind.Herearetobeseen,too,andthatfornothing,thefts,murders,adulteries,falseswearers,andthatofablood-redcolor.

And,asinotherfairsoflessmoment,therearetheseveralrowsandstreets,undertheirpropernames,wheresuchandsuchwaresarevended;soherelikewiseyouhavetheproperplaces,rows,streets(namely,countriesandkingdoms),wherethewaresofthisfairaresoonesttobefound.HerearetheBritainRow,theFrenchRow,theItalianRow,theSpanishRow,theGermanRow,whereseveralsortsofvanitiesaretobesold.But,asinotherfairs,someonecommodityisasthechiefofallthefair,sothewareofRomeandhergoodsaregreatlypromotedinthisfair;onlyourEnglishnation,withsomeothers,havetakenadislikethereat.

Now,asIsaid,thewaytotheCelestialCityliesjustthroughthistownwherethislustyfairiskept;andhethatwouldgotothecity,andyetnotgothroughthistown,mustneedsgooutoftheworld.ThePrinceofprinceshimself,whenhere,wentthroughthistowntohisowncountry,andthatuponafairdaytoo;yea,andasIthink,itwasBeelzebub,thechieflordofthisfair,thatinvitedhimtobuyofhisvanities;yea,wouldhavemadehimlordofthefair,wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown.

1.Theword“fair”inVanityFairisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.Theword“they”inLine3,Paragraph3refersto（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaboutVanityFair?

4.WhereisVanityFairsituated?

5.Thepronoun“him”,in“wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown”refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justice

B.average

C.atravellingshow

D.market

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion

B.thesetwohonestpersons

C.thecompanionsofthethesetwohonestpersons

D.pilgrims

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cheating,stealingandkillingprevails.

B.Youcanbuythingsaswellashumans.

C.Itisanancientinvention.

D.TheexpensivegoodsaremadeinRome.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.InatownonthewaytotheCelestialCity.

B.InBritain

C.Nowhere

D.InEurope

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thePrinceofprinces

B.theLordofthefair

C.theCelestialCity

D.He

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“ItbearsthenameofVanityFair…andalsobecauseallthatistheresold,orthatcomesthither,isvanity.”，可知VanityFair這個(gè)地方是買賣東西的，所以是一個(gè)市集的名字，fair的意思最有可能是“市場(chǎng)”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions…theycontrivedheretosetupafair”，可知Apollyon、Beelzebub和他們的同伴打算在這兒建立一個(gè)市鎮(zhèn)。所以文中的they就是指這些人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“But,asinotherfairs,someonecommodityisasthechiefofallthefair,sothewareofRomeandhergoodsaregreatlypromotedinthisfair”，可知和其他集市一樣，也有一些商品會(huì)成為市集的主角，比如羅馬的器皿以及其他商品就非常暢銷。只是說(shuō)明羅馬的有些商品在集市非常受歡迎，無(wú)法說(shuō)明昂貴的物品都產(chǎn)自羅馬。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions,perceivingbythepaththatthepilgrimsmadethattheirwaytothecitylaythroughthistownofVanity,theycontrivedheretosetupafair”，可知Apollyon、Beelzebub和他們的同伴從朝圣者通往天國(guó)的路上，他們能夠看到浮華鎮(zhèn)是必經(jīng)之地，所以打算在這里建立一個(gè)集市。所以集市的位置應(yīng)該位于朝圣者通往天國(guó)的路上。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句，“…wouldhavemadehimlordofthefair,wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown.”，可知Beelzebub邀請(qǐng)耶穌在鎮(zhèn)上購(gòu)買虛榮商品，并且承諾只要在他經(jīng)過(guò)集市的時(shí)候，向他表示敬意，就會(huì)讓他成為集市的主人。所以可推斷，文段中的him就是指集市的主人。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

TheStoicsandtheEpicureans,however（

）intherestoftheirsystems,agreedinholdingthemselvesboundtoprovethattheirrespectivemaximsofconductwerethedictatesofnature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irresponsible

B.irreconcilable

C.irreproachable

D.irremediable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。irresponsible“不可靠的”；irreconcilable“矛盾的”；irreproachable“無(wú)可指責(zé)的”；irremediable“不能挽回的”。句意：斯多葛學(xué)派和伊壁鳩魯派在其余的體系中是矛盾的，但是他們一致認(rèn)為必須證明他們各自的行為準(zhǔn)則是符合自然要求的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Althoughpoliticianstendedto（）acknowledgingthisaspect-ofpolicytoopublicly,intheirmorecandidmomentstheyadmittedthatthiscureforinflationwenthandinglovewithariseinunemploymentaboveNAIRU.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.steerclearto

B.steerclearingto

C.steerclearof

D.steerclearingof

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配steerclearto“避開”，句意：盡管政客們盡量避免過(guò)于公開認(rèn)證這方面的政策。不存在選項(xiàng)A、B、D搭配。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Whendiscussingculturalperspectives,weneedtorecognizethattherearetwokinds:emicandetic.Emicperspectivesare（1）articulatedbymembersoftheculturetoexplainthemselvesandtheirculture,whileeticperspectivesarethoseofoutsiderstotheculturewhousetheirowncriteriatoexplain（2）culture.

Eticperspectivesincludethoseofvisitorstotheculture,thecriteriatheyusetodescribeandexplainwhattheyencounter,（3）categoriesforcross-culturaldescriptionandanalysisestablishedbyanthropologistsandotherculturalresearchers（4）manycultures.（5）thecontinuum,eticperspectivesconsistofsimpleexplanationsfromone'sownculturalbackground.Thisisacommonreactiontoculturalphenomena—explainingthem（6）perceivedsimilaritiesordifferencestoone'sownculture,better（7）ethnocentrism.Attheotherendofthespectrum,eticperspectivesconsistofcategoriesthatcanbeusedtodescribe（8）cultures.Someofthesecategoriesaredrawnfromnotionsofculturaluniversalsand（9）thetableofcontentsofintroductoryculturalanthropologytextbooks.Theyreflectculturalpracticesandproducts:institutionslikefamily,kinship,economy,leisure,music,orgovernment.Othereticclassificationscomefromtheoriesofculturalperspectives:valueorientationssuchasindividualism/collectivism,low-context/high-context,polychromic/monochromic,and（10）.Eticperspectives,（11）,provideframeworkstodescribe,analyze,andexplainaculturefromthe（12）.Eacheticcategorycarriesassumptionsaboutthenatureofculture,anditisimportantto（13）theseassumptions.

Emicexplanationsareperspectivesthatmembersofthecultureusetodescribeorexplaintheirownwayoflife.Theseperspectivesdonotnecessarilycorrespondtoeticcategories,（14）thatthemembersusefortheirexplanations.（15）,membersmayeasilyexpressthereasonsforculturalproductsandpractice.Or,giventhatmanyfundamentalculturalperspectivesareoutsideawareness,likethesubmergedbulkoftheculturaliceberg,membersmayhavedifficultyfindingwordstofullyexplainthem;（16）IhadnoexplanationonAmericantoilettrainingpractices.

Itisadauntingtasktoidentifytheperspectivesofaculture.Fortunatelyforlanguageteachers,anthropologists,interculturalists,andothershavedevisedframeworksforexplainingcultures.Theseframeworks,becausetheyapplytoallcultures,areexamplesofthe（17）perspectives.

Anumberofmodelsofeticperspectives