1、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)： 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者。B. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.We speak English.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)English is spoken by us.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)

2、行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，）；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。昨天我們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。昨天教室被我們打掃了。Many students study English.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) English is studied by many students.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be+

3、及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 (be+V.P.P) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are doneam / is / are done一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)： was / were donewas / were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were being donewas / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has been donehave / has been done過去完成時(shí)：過去完

4、成時(shí)： had been donehad been done一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)： shall / will be done ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must can / must / have tobe done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是這本

5、書是1969年寫成的。年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。He said the factory had been opened . 他說(shuō)這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。他說(shuō)這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。The

6、work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。這孩子必須被好好照顧。2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)一樣。如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice pre

7、sent by my friend yesterday.在改寫中應(yīng)注意：在改寫中應(yīng)注意：1.把把來(lái)的來(lái)的提到前面作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的提到前面作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的2.把動(dòng)詞變成把動(dòng)詞變成“”;3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的變?yōu)榻樵~變?yōu)榻樵~的的典型題例典型題例例例1 將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語(yǔ)找賓語(yǔ) -即動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Sh

8、oes2. 判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語(yǔ)修改原句的主語(yǔ) -即即by+ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ). by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The

9、 windows were broken by him. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/are/is + People play football all over the world.2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.Football all over the world .We this term.is playedby peopleare taught (by Mr. Green)一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were + 4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Tw

10、o years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.The Great Wall long ago.Two years ago those machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：will / be going to + be + 6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday p

11、arty.A diary next class.A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held by Tom情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：must/have to/can等等 + be + 8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to finish our homework on time.The broken pottery at once.Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) h

12、as to be finished (by us) on time2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：S+was/were +過去分詞過去分詞4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞過去分詞“We must put them in the fridge.”T

13、he dogs thought .3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：S+ will+be+過去分詞過去分詞Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞過去分詞We have made twenty more keysTwenty

14、 more keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞過去分詞1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）七嘴八舌3.I found

15、 the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers t

16、o help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.

17、1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend

18、 the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this q

19、uestion often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by themAnswer right or wrong 1.必須照看好孩子們。必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2.這本書是魯迅寫的。這本書是魯迅寫的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。昨天那支筆是他給我的。

20、That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR 4.這輛自行車能修嗎？這輛自行車能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他們清理了。街道已由他們清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( )WRWRThey made shoes in

21、that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in that factory.They were making shoes in that factory.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)（）

22、（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let havehear see notice（1）感覺動(dòng)詞感覺動(dòng)詞(hear, see等等)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（2）使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞(let, make等等)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如動(dòng)詞為如動(dòng)詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接等，后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為不帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，不定式

23、時(shí)，變被動(dòng)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to” 。如：。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen fall off the tree.思思 考考 2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.is usually heard sing English songs 14He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a picn

24、ic. I out for a picnic.is made work was let go 口訣：口訣：這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to 離開，被動(dòng)句中to回 來(lái)。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch) help sb (to) V - be helped to V. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. (2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing foo

25、tball at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was

26、 made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought my brother a book. buy, make, get, sing 10We gave him some books.He .Some books .was given some books (by us) were given him (by us) 注意注意:約翰打開了收音機(jī)。約翰打開了收音機(jī)。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我

27、姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：注：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),千萬(wàn)不要遺漏介詞或千萬(wàn)不要遺漏介詞或副詞。副詞。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.類似的還有：類似的還有：It is reporte

28、d / believed / hoped / supposed that .We report 1). 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如：如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示

29、靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.3）祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！菊縇ook at the blackboard，please 【誤誤】The blackboard is looked at by you 4.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)這魚味道很好。這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

30、，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： 【正正】You must look after yourself 【誤誤】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。這書很好賣。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。這種布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.這書賣完了。這書賣完了。The book is sold out.這塊表需要修理一下。這塊表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to

31、be mended.=We need to mend the watch. want一、單項(xiàng)選擇：一、單項(xiàng)選擇：1. Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up 3A neighbo

32、ur helped to keep our dog. It while we were on holiday. (2005)A. was taken care B. took care ofC. is taken care of D. was taken care of4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A.gave B. had given C. was given D. was giving 5. Mr

33、. Johnsons story by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at 二、請(qǐng)把下面句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. Jack carefully how to use it. 2. Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008. was showedwill be he

34、ld by Beijing 3. Miss Deng teaches us English. . .4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy _ at 3:00 yesterday. We are taught English by Miss Dengwas seen play basketballEnglish is taught us by Miss Deng5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country

35、 more and more beautiful. should be made become練習(xí)：將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子。練習(xí)：將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子。The computer club held a writing competition(競(jìng)賽）.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .We took many photos.They use this room for playing table tennis.The bank built a park for them.A writing competit

36、ion was held by the computer club.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them. 中考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考題中考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考題1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考題

37、）南京市中考題） A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中北京市中考題）考題）A arent take away B taken awayC isnt taken away D be taken away3.He _ _ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黃岡市中考題）黃岡市中考題）was told5. A

38、nother man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟(jì)南市中考題）濟(jì)南市中考題） another man-made satellite into space last week.變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青島市中考題）青島市中考題）8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the

39、farm（上海市（上海市中考題）中考題）TThey sent upwere planted are grown 一、選擇正確答案：一、選擇正確答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C.it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be write by C. has

40、been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A.will teach B. was taught C.has taught D. can be teach CBAB二、用所給詞的正確形式填空二、用所給詞的正確形式填空 。 (cover, invent, answer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with water

41、. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new mechine(機(jī)器）_ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returnedwas invented was answeredis calledare written5)Exercises:一.選擇填空: Windows_ of glass. be made B. is made C.

42、are made D. been made2. The house_ in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can_ for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA 4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. b

43、y 6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces AADA 1.Our school _in 2002.(開辦)2.The young trees must_well.(照顧)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(寫)by him l

44、ast year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： 1) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3) A picture _(pu

45、t) up on the blackboard. 4) French_ (speak) in France. 5) Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed練習(xí)一 請(qǐng)把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句（注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致）1 He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2 The people make history.History is made by pe

46、ople.3 Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4 They didnt visit the city two years ago. The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5 Where did you make them?Where were they made by you? 一 用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?1 History is _ by the people. ( make) 2 He is often _ to do the

47、 work by the teacher. (ask) 3 The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4 The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6 A new subway _ (build) next year. 7 She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8 Thousands of satellites _ (send) up into the space so far. 9 They said t

48、hey _ (invite) to the party already. 10 The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11 Young trees should _(water) often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe wateredMultiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games

49、. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finished 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _ in the classroom. 4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw5. ( ) I like my

50、bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has riddenDBBA 3. ( ) Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayedC6. ( ) I wont come to the party unless Tom _, too. You mean if Tom comes ,youll come.8. ( ) The children must _. 9. ( ) The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown DDBA. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Greens story _ it.A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed