1、LOGO第四講第四講 翻譯的方法：直譯與意譯翻譯的方法：直譯與意譯v大體說(shuō)來(lái)，翻譯的基本方法有兩種，即所謂的大體說(shuō)來(lái)，翻譯的基本方法有兩種，即所謂的直譯直譯 ( literal translation 或或metaphase)和意和意譯譯(free translation或或paraphrase)。 v人們對(duì)直譯和意譯的認(rèn)識(shí)不盡相同。因而，一人們對(duì)直譯和意譯的認(rèn)識(shí)不盡相同。因而，一些人甚至將那種生搬硬套、對(duì)號(hào)入座的硬譯、些人甚至將那種生搬硬套、對(duì)號(hào)入座的硬譯、死譯誤認(rèn)為直譯，也有一些人則把某些妄加刪死譯誤認(rèn)為直譯，也有一些人則把某些妄加刪改、添油加醋的胡譯、亂譯混同于意譯。這兩改、添油加醋的胡

2、譯、亂譯混同于意譯。這兩種傾向無(wú)疑都從根本上曲解了直譯與意譯的真種傾向無(wú)疑都從根本上曲解了直譯與意譯的真正含義。正含義。 (1)lie on ones back， the Milky Way ， black tea, cut somebody dead , bulls eye, talk horse, put on ones thinking cap, catch a cold, talk turkey(2)It was an old and ragged moon. 原譯：那是一個(gè)又老又破的月亮。原譯：那是一個(gè)又老又破的月亮。(3)It is possible that they never

3、 imagined that any considerable amount of public opinion would be rallied in their favors. 原譯：這是可能的：他們從未想象過(guò)有任何相當(dāng)原譯：這是可能的：他們從未想象過(guò)有任何相當(dāng)數(shù)量的公眾意見(jiàn)會(huì)聚集到對(duì)他們有利的方面來(lái)。數(shù)量的公眾意見(jiàn)會(huì)聚集到對(duì)他們有利的方面來(lái)。(4)Health is above wealth，for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 原譯：健康高于財(cái)富，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)不能像那個(gè)給原譯：健康高于財(cái)富，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)不能像那個(gè)給人們很多幸福。人們很多

4、幸福。(5)He wanted to learn，to know，to teach. 原譯：他渴望博學(xué)廣聞，喜歡追根窮源，并且原譯：他渴望博學(xué)廣聞，喜歡追根窮源，并且好為人師。好為人師。(6)But there can be no serious doubt that Rhodesian copper is going somewhere and in very substantial quantities. 原譯：然而毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，羅得西亞的銅在向某些國(guó)家大原譯：然而毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，羅得西亞的銅在向某些國(guó)家大量出口。量出口。(7)I have often thought it would be a b

5、lessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. 原譯：我每每這樣想過(guò)，假如一個(gè)人在剛近而立之年原譯：我每每這樣想過(guò)，假如一個(gè)人在剛近而立之年時(shí)經(jīng)歷一段瞎子與聾子的生活，可能是天賜之福。時(shí)經(jīng)歷一段瞎子與聾子的生活，可能是天賜之福。(8)His popularity was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled，and bubbled，and foamed for a while，o

6、nly to recede，and be lost to its former possessor. 原譯：他的聲望猶如萬(wàn)頃波濤起伏不定。它在原譯：他的聲望猶如萬(wàn)頃波濤起伏不定。它在短暫的時(shí)間內(nèi)，如日中天，盛極一時(shí)，炙手可短暫的時(shí)間內(nèi)，如日中天，盛極一時(shí)，炙手可熱，但轉(zhuǎn)瞬之間又煙消云散，終于在原來(lái)?yè)碛袩幔D(zhuǎn)瞬之間又煙消云散，終于在原來(lái)?yè)碛写寺曂娜松砩蠁适ТM。此聲望的人身上喪失殆盡。Contents直譯法直譯法4.1.意譯法意譯法4.2.直譯同意譯的關(guān)系直譯同意譯的關(guān)系4.3.4.1直譯法直譯法v一般認(rèn)為，直譯就是不僅忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容而且一般認(rèn)為，直譯就是不僅忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容而且忠實(shí)原文形式的

7、翻譯方法。也有人把直譯解釋忠實(shí)原文形式的翻譯方法。也有人把直譯解釋為一種重為一種重“形似形似”的方法，要求在保持原文內(nèi)的方法，要求在保持原文內(nèi)容的前提下，力求使譯文與原文在選詞用字、容的前提下，力求使譯文與原文在選詞用字、句法結(jié)構(gòu)、形象比喻及風(fēng)格特征等方面盡可能句法結(jié)構(gòu)、形象比喻及風(fēng)格特征等方面盡可能趨于一致。趨于一致。 4.1直譯法直譯法v (9) money politics, cold war, hot line, ostrich policy,v chain stores, baptism of war, black market, v pillar industry, go into

8、 the red, paper tiger,v a wait-and-see attitude, fish in troubled water ,v (10) Blood is thicker than water. 血濃于水.v(11) Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。v(12) Strike the iron while it is hot. 打鐵趁熱。4.1直譯法直譯法(13)He walked at the head of the funeral procession，and every now and then wiped his

9、crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬隊(duì)伍的前頭，還不時(shí)用一條大手絹抹去那鱷他走在送葬隊(duì)伍的前頭，還不時(shí)用一條大手絹抹去那鱷魚(yú)的眼淚。魚(yú)的眼淚。 (14) Dont believe a word that man tells you. Hed swear black was white if he thought it was to his advantage.v別相信那人的話。只要對(duì)他有利，他能把白的說(shuō)成黑的。4.1直譯法直譯法(15) In the court action，Alain sprang his trump card by

10、calling a surprise witness 在法庭訴訟中，阿蘭突然打出了他的王牌在法庭訴訟中，阿蘭突然打出了他的王牌-請(qǐng)出一請(qǐng)出一位意想不到的證人。位意想不到的證人。(16) The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy. 參議院外交關(guān)系委員會(huì)今天向克林頓政府致送了參議院外交關(guān)系委員會(huì)今天向克林頓政府致送了橄欖枝，要求發(fā)展在外

11、交政策上的合作。橄欖枝，要求發(fā)展在外交政策上的合作。4.1直譯法直譯法(17)Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand，wholesale tea prices have almost doubled. 部分地由于最近日益增漲的需求，批發(fā)茶價(jià)部分地由于最近日益增漲的需求，批發(fā)茶價(jià)已幾乎翻了一番。已幾乎翻了一番。(18)The field of mechanical engineering may be divided into two major areas thermo sciences and design. 機(jī)械工程的范圍可

12、分為兩個(gè)主要方面：熱學(xué)和機(jī)械工程的范圍可分為兩個(gè)主要方面：熱學(xué)和設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)。4.1直譯法直譯法(19) The present system is designed to assist those developing countries in competing with imports from other sources without disruptive effects on our own industries. 這個(gè)現(xiàn)行辦法旨在扶持那些發(fā)展中國(guó)家與從這個(gè)現(xiàn)行辦法旨在扶持那些發(fā)展中國(guó)家與從其他國(guó)家進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而不損害我們其他國(guó)家進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而不損害我們自己產(chǎn)業(yè)的利益

13、。自己產(chǎn)業(yè)的利益。4.1直譯法直譯法(20)Now that many delegations here have already exhausted the problem of racial discrimination，my delegation will not take too much time of the committee. 既然許多代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)在此詳盡地闡述了種族既然許多代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)在此詳盡地闡述了種族歧視的問(wèn)題，本代表團(tuán)不想多占用委員會(huì)的時(shí)歧視的問(wèn)題，本代表團(tuán)不想多占用委員會(huì)的時(shí)間。間。4.2意譯法意譯法v所謂意譯，一般指忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容而不拘泥于所謂意譯，一般指忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容

14、而不拘泥于原文結(jié)構(gòu)形式與修辭手法的翻譯方法。原文結(jié)構(gòu)形式與修辭手法的翻譯方法。v英國(guó)人表達(dá)英國(guó)人表達(dá)“進(jìn)退兩難進(jìn)退兩難”常用常用“between the devil and the deep blue sea”，而中國(guó)人則常，而中國(guó)人則常用用“進(jìn)退維谷進(jìn)退維谷”；英國(guó)人想表達(dá)；英國(guó)人想表達(dá)“多此一舉多此一舉”之義時(shí)常用之義時(shí)常用“carry coals to Newcastle，而，而中國(guó)人則經(jīng)常說(shuō)中國(guó)人則經(jīng)常說(shuō)“畫(huà)蛇添足畫(huà)蛇添足”；英語(yǔ)中說(shuō)；英語(yǔ)中說(shuō)the seventh heaven，而漢語(yǔ)中則用，而漢語(yǔ)中則用“九九(重重)天天”指最高天際。指最高天際。 v(21) cash crops經(jīng)

15、濟(jì)作物v technical know-how技術(shù)知識(shí)v silly ass蠢豬v small profits but quick returns薄利多銷v as timid as a hare膽小如鼠v a land of honey and milk魚(yú)米之鄉(xiāng)v to look for a needle in a haystack海底撈針v castles in the air空中樓閣v to talk shop all the time三句話不離本行v to sit on thorns如坐針氈v a white elephant無(wú)用而累贅的東西v to laugh off ones hea

16、d笑掉大牙v the apple of ones eye掌上明珠v put the cart before the horse本末倒置4.2意譯法意譯法v(22) Its unfair that historians always attribute the fall of kingdoms to Helen of Troy. 歷史學(xué)家們總是把王國(guó)的覆亡歸咎于紅顏禍水，這是不公平的。 (23)Hoover was proud of his wife.She spoke five languages fluently and set what was conceded to be the fin

17、est table in White House history. 胡佛覺(jué)得他夫人很了不起。她能流利地講五種胡佛覺(jué)得他夫人很了不起。她能流利地講五種語(yǔ)言，她的食譜據(jù)說(shuō)是白宮歷史上最講究的。語(yǔ)言，她的食譜據(jù)說(shuō)是白宮歷史上最講究的。4.2意譯法意譯法v(24) One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一個(gè)和尚挑水吃，兩個(gè)和尚抬水吃，三個(gè)和尚沒(méi)一個(gè)和尚挑水吃，兩個(gè)和尚抬水吃，三個(gè)和尚沒(méi)水吃。水吃。(25) What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplificatio

18、n. 上面所寫(xiě)的一切可能太簡(jiǎn)單化了。上面所寫(xiě)的一切可能太簡(jiǎn)單化了。4.2意譯法意譯法(26)Jefferson believed that the Baghdad Pact had already been reduced to less than a shadow. (27)All the while，George Bush，who was ultimately to benefit from the try that failed，sat silently by，a nearly forgotten spectator.(28)Newtons book is，therefore not r

19、eadily intelligible，even to scientists, unless Euclid has been read before.4.2意譯法意譯法(29)We in Zambia would like to build a color-blind society where all can have equal opportunities.(30)It is no use gathering a lot of facts and data without making a thorough study and scientific analysis of them.4.3

20、直譯同意譯的關(guān)系直譯同意譯的關(guān)系v這兩種方法雖然有時(shí)在形式上似乎形成對(duì)立，這兩種方法雖然有時(shí)在形式上似乎形成對(duì)立，但是在更多的情況下卻互為補(bǔ)充、相輔相成。但是在更多的情況下卻互為補(bǔ)充、相輔相成。在正常的翻譯活動(dòng)中，譯者往往無(wú)法不分具體在正常的翻譯活動(dòng)中，譯者往往無(wú)法不分具體情況自始至終一味堅(jiān)持直譯，或者僅僅采用意情況自始至終一味堅(jiān)持直譯，或者僅僅采用意譯一種方法。有時(shí)，即使是翻譯一句話，也可譯一種方法。有時(shí)，即使是翻譯一句話，也可能會(huì)同時(shí)使用兩種方法。能會(huì)同時(shí)使用兩種方法。 4.3直譯同意譯的關(guān)系直譯同意譯的關(guān)系(31) “Really，you carry your age astonishi

21、ngly well，Nancy.” Said the doctor，for he saw no change whatever in her. “南希，你可是一點(diǎn)兒也不見(jiàn)老啊南希，你可是一點(diǎn)兒也不見(jiàn)老啊”，醫(yī)生說(shuō)道，醫(yī)生說(shuō)道，因?yàn)樗床怀鏊惺裁醋兓?。因?yàn)樗床怀鏊惺裁醋兓?(32) New alloys have been made to satisfy new demands, and in the meantime new uses have been found for old metals. 新的合金被冶煉出來(lái)，以滿足新的需要，而與此新的合金被冶煉出來(lái)，以滿足新的需要，而與此同時(shí)

22、老的金屬有了新用途。同時(shí)老的金屬有了新用途。v(33) It means killing two birds with one stone.v 直譯：這意味著一石二鳥(niǎo)。v 意譯：這意味著一舉兩得。v(34) Last term, I met my Waterloo in my English examination.v直譯：上學(xué)期，我在英語(yǔ)考試中遭遇了滑鐵盧。v意譯：上學(xué)期，我的英語(yǔ)考試成績(jī)一塌糊涂。4.3直譯同意譯的關(guān)系直譯同意譯的關(guān)系4.3直譯同意譯的關(guān)系直譯同意譯的關(guān)系(35) Business is a two-way street and to keep it open in both directions