1、精神分析理論與技術(shù)精神分析理論與技術(shù)PSYCHOANALYSIS精神分析理論精神分析理論P(yáng)sychoanalytic theoryl潛意識理論Unconsciousness theoryl人格結(jié)構(gòu)理論Structures of personalityl性欲開展階段理論P(yáng)sychosexual stagesl釋夢理論Dream interpretationl心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanisms 潛意識理論潛意識理論Unconscious theoryl意識conscious:lFreuds first level of awareness, consisting of the t

2、houghts, feelings, and actions of which people are aware. l前意識preconsciouslFreuds second level of awareness, consisting of the mental activities of which people gain awareness by attending to them. l潛意識unconsciouslFreuds third level of awareness, consisting of the mental activities beyond peoples no

3、rmal awareness.人格結(jié)構(gòu)理論人格結(jié)構(gòu)理論Structures of personalityl本我IdlIn Freuds theory, the source of instinctual energy, which works mainly on the pleasure principle.l自我EgolThe part of personality that seeks to satisfy the id and superego in accordance with reality.l超我SuperegolThe moral aspect of mental functi

4、oning, comprising the ego ideal (what a person would ideally like to be) and the conscience, and taught by parents and society. Freuds view of mental forces性欲開展階段理論性欲開展階段理論P(yáng)sychosexual stagesl口欲期 Oral stage l肛欲期 Anal stage l性欲期 Phallic stage l潛伏期 Latency stage l生殖期 Genital stage 性欲開展階段理論性欲開展階段理論P(yáng)syc

5、hosexual stagesl口欲期 Oral stage lFreuds first stage of personality development, from birth to about age 2, during which infants obtain gratification primarily through the mouth. 性欲開展階段理論性欲開展階段理論P(yáng)sychosexual stagesl肛欲期 Anal stage lFreuds second stage of personality development, from about 2 to about a

6、ge 3, during which children learn to control the immediate gratification they obtain through defecation and to become responsible to the demands of society. 性欲開展階段理論性欲開展階段理論P(yáng)sychosexual stagesl俄底普斯情結(jié)Oedipus complexlOccurring during the phallic stage, feelings of rivalry with the parent of the same s

7、ex and love of the parent of the opposite sex, ultimately resolved through identification with the parent of the same; lElectra complex lthis process occurring specifically in girls. 性欲開展階段理論性欲開展階段理論P(yáng)sychosexual stagesl性欲期 Phallic stage lFreuds third stage of personality development, from about age

8、4 to about age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals. 性欲開展階段理論性欲開展階段理論P(yáng)sychosexual stagesl潛伏期 Latency stage lFreuds third stage of personality development, from about age 7 until puberty, during which sexual urges are inactive. 性欲開展階段理論性欲開展階段理論P(yáng)sychosexual stagesl

9、生殖期 Genital stage lFreuds last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface at puberty and are often resolved during adolescence.Freuds five psychosexual stages of personality development釋夢理論釋夢理論Dream interpre

10、tationl顯夢manifest dreamlThe overt story line, characters, and setting of a dream-the obvious, clearly discernible events of the dream.l隱夢latent dreamlThe deeper meaning of a dream, usually involving symbolism, hidden content, and repressed or obscured ideas and wishes.釋夢理論釋夢理論Dream interpretationlSi

11、gmund Freud viewed dreams as a guide to the unconscious. He proposed that dreams represented unconscious wishes that dreamers wish to see fulfilled. However, because these wishes are threatening to the dreamers conscious awareness, the actual wishes are disguised. The true subject and meaning of a d

12、ream, then, may have little to do with its overt story line. 心理防御機(jī)制理論心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanismsl心理防御機(jī)制Defense mechanismslUnconscious strategies people use to reduce anxiety by concealing its source from themselves and others.心理防御機(jī)制理論心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanismsl壓抑壓抑RepressionlThe primary defense mecha

13、nism, in which unacceptable or unpleasant id impulses are pushed back into the unconscious. For example, a college student who feels hatred for her mother might repress these personally and socially unacceptable feelings. 心理防御機(jī)制理論心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanismsl倒退倒退RegressionlPeople behave as if they wer

14、e at an earlier stage of development. For example, a student who is overwhelmed by exams might act in a childish, immature manner to escape his responsibilities. 心理防御機(jī)制理論心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanismsl轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)移DisplacementlThe expression of an unwanted feeling or thought is redirected from a more threatening

15、, powerful person to a weak one. A classic case is yelling at ones secretary after being criticized by the boss.心理防御機(jī)制理論心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanismsl合理化合理化RationalizationlA distortion of reality in which a person justifies what happens. For example, a person who is passed over for an award says she di

16、dnt really want it in the first place.心理防御機(jī)制理論心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanismsl否認(rèn)否認(rèn)DeniallRefusal to accept or acknowledge an anxiety-producing piece of information. For example, a student refuses to believe that he has flunked a course.心理防御機(jī)制理論心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanismsl投射投射ProjectionlAttributing unwante

17、d impulses and feelings to someone else. For example, a man who is anger at his father acts lovingly to his father but complains that his father is angry with him. 心理防御機(jī)制理論心理防御機(jī)制理論Defense mechanismsl升華升華SublimationlDiversion of unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feelings or behaviors

18、. For example, a person with strong feelings of aggression becomes a soldier. 經(jīng)典精神分析技術(shù)經(jīng)典精神分析技術(shù)PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY劉德祥經(jīng)典精神分析技術(shù)經(jīng)典精神分析技術(shù)PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPYl自由聯(lián)想Free associationl阻抗Resistancel釋夢Dream analysisl移情Transferencel解釋Interpretationl貫穿Working through自由聯(lián)想自由聯(lián)想Free associationlA psychoanalytic

19、technique in which a person reports to the therapist his or her thoughts and feelings as they occur, regardless of how trivial, illogical, or objectionable their content may appear.阻抗阻抗ResistancelIn psychoanalysis, an unwillingness to cooperate by which a patient signals a reluctance to provide the therapist with information or to help the therapist understand or interpret a situation.釋夢釋夢Dream analysislA psychoanalytic technique in