1、.www.TopS歡迎您!大家論壇club.TopS大家論壇歡迎您！更多資料請到高中英語版2009年高考英語試題匯總貼-大家網推出高中英語版專題分類薈萃（更新中）高中英語語法類匯總高中英語試題類匯總高中英語教學資源類匯總（更新中）高中英語經驗方法類匯總高中英語詞匯類匯總聲明：所有內容由大家網論壇高中英語版收集整理，僅供學習交流使用！非謂語動詞的格式化結構總結非謂語動詞的教學是我們高中英語語法教學的重點和難點之一，既涉及到時態(tài)、語態(tài)知識，又涉及到句子成分等問題，還牽涉到謂語和非謂語的區(qū)別等。在平時的教學過程中，學生解答這類題目時常采用找非謂語動詞與句子相關成分的邏輯關系和非謂語動作先后的方法來解

2、決的，邏輯關系確定非謂語的語態(tài)形式，動作發(fā)生的先后確定非謂語的時態(tài)形式。例：1.Peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon.(saying的分詞短語作a letter的定語，兩者之間是主謂的邏輯關系。)2.It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness to be made.(It tookto do 為固定句式，不定式作主語，make a connection中make與con

3、nection之間是動賓的邏輯關系，It took a long time for us to make the connection between body temperature and illness.)但在我們教學的過程中，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)有些題目學生用找邏輯關系的方法很難解決問題或者說有些題目中非謂語動詞與句子的相關成分根本就不存在邏輯關系。例：1. A and guilty, He put the book back on the shelf she had secretly placed in her schoolbag.A. Frightened B. Frightening C.

4、Being frightened D. to be frightening(學生在A、B、C中難以取舍，片面地認為“他害怕”是主動的邏輯關系而選B或者認為這里的frighten還是一種行為而選C) 2.Technologinally A , Chinas Chang-e project does better than anyearlier project of the same kind. A. speaking B. spoken C. speak D. to speak(這里的主語Chinas Chang-e project與speaking之間沒有邏輯關系，而學生則因思維定勢習慣地認為

5、“工程被說”是被動，很可能選B.)針對上述情況，筆者把一些與非謂語動詞有關的固定結構歸納在一起，形成了一些固定格式非謂語動詞格式化結構：一.“Get 過去分詞”結構在這一結構中，get與be一樣表被動，就是該過去分詞的被動意義，但表示的是動作，而并非狀態(tài)。 1.Having been caught cheating in the exam, he got punished. 2.There is no time for you to B for the ball. A. be dressed B. get dressed C. get dressing D. dress 3.Be carefu

6、l when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may B runover by a car. A. have B. get C. become D. turn常見用在這一結構的過去分詞有：get lost/paid/separated/damaged/run/punished/caught/changed/charged/dressed/hurt/burnt/killed等等。運用這一結構要訓練學生把get sth. doing /get sth. done/get sth. to do等區(qū)分開來。例：4.You know he is

7、not going to let us leave early if the work cant B done. A. got B. be got C. have got D. be getting(本題是Get sth. done結構，即if we cant get the work done)5.Let me try now, the car will be got C . A. started B. to start C. starting D. start(本題是Get sth. doing結構，即Ill get the car starting.)6.In a time of soc

8、ial reform, peoples state of mind should be got B pace with the rapid changes of society. A. kept B. to keep C. to be kept D. keeping(本題是get sb. to do結構，即people should get their state of mind to keep pace with the changes of society.)總結：get done(與句子主語是被動關系) get sb./sth. doing(doing作賓補，與賓語是主動關系) get

9、sb./sth. done（done作賓補，與賓語是被動關系） get sb. to do（“叫去做”，未發(fā)生動作）二.在“be狀態(tài)動詞的過去分詞介詞”在這一結構中，過去分詞往往形容詞化，沒有動作意義，說明主語存在的狀態(tài)，只有done形式，如：be buried in/be lost in/be known as/be covered with/be crowded with等等，碰到這類短語作狀語好或定語時，去掉動詞be就用。 1.She has a face marked with worries.(她滿臉愁容)2.He spent the whole day C in his study

10、. A. locking B. being locked C. locked D. to lock（不可與spend sb. time in doing sth.混淆。）3. A with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. Having faced總結：但在這些詞組中，要區(qū)分分詞是表狀態(tài)還是表動作，不可混為一談。例：4. C to her son all these years, she has no moment to rest for. D his e

11、nergies to being crazy about going on-line at college, he cant find a job. A. To be devoted B. Devoting C. Devoted D. Having devoted (中devote 后有賓語的存在，不可能表狀態(tài)，只能表動作，找邏輯關系主動，動作完成，選D)5. C just an hours ride from Beijing, the small town is a paradise(樂園) for tourists a home and abroad. B the tower in a w

12、ild park, they made it a paradise for tourists at home and abroad. A. Locating B. Having located C. Located D. To be located三.狀語從句中省略與非謂語形式 在狀語從句中，當主句主語與從句主語相同或從句是it isadj.時，常把主語和be動詞省略，之后形成以下的固定結構，在平時訓練時，告訴學生可以直接在下面的三種形式中做選擇。 to do (動作未發(fā)性)When/while/unless/if/ though/as if /no mater how doing （與主語之

13、間是主動關系） done（與主語之間是被動關系）1.When C different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 即：When (we are) comparing different cultures的省略句。 A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2.When D help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kin

14、d of you.” 即：When (one is)offered help的省略句。 A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered3.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if D whetherhe was going to the right direction. 即：as if (he is going ) to see whether he was going to the right direction 的省略句。Contrast may make someth

15、ing more beautiful than it is when C alone. 即：when (something is)seen alone的省略句。A. seeing B. having seen C. seen D. to see 總結：在這一結構中，要注意的是主句的主語與從句的主語一定是一致的，否者只能用狀語從句。 4.Whats the trouble with you? D the heavy suitcase, my waist was hurt unexpectedly. A. While carrying B. carried C. carrying D While

16、I was carrying 5.The idea for the machine came to Mr Baker C to his invention recently.Mr. Black had an idea for the machine A/B/C to his invention recently. A. while devoted B. while devoting himself C. while he was devoted D. while devoting四.With/without名詞（代詞）非謂語這一結構一般作伴隨狀語、原因狀語和定語成分，在這一結構中，非謂語與wi

17、th/without后的名詞、代詞有主動或被動的邏輯關系。1.Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 總結： to do（表示未發(fā)性動作） With/without名詞/代詞 doing/being done(表示動作正在進行) done(表示完成被動).John received an invitation to dinn

18、er, and with his work , he gladly accepted it. John received an invitation to dinner, but with his work , he couldnt accept it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. to finish3.With more trees D , huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. A. destroying B. to be destroyed C. having destroyed D. being destroyed五.常見作狀語的非謂語獨立成分generally/honestly/frankly/strictly/exactly speaking; judging from /by; concerning(關于，有關); considering(就而論，照看來); supposing(萬一；假定); allowing for(考慮到); seeing that(由于，因為);