1、動詞不定式（The Infinitive）定義：動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能獨立作謂語，但它仍保持動詞的特點，既可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化又有自己的賓語和狀語。 一、不定式的構(gòu)成 （以動詞write為例）主動形式被動形式一般式to write進(jìn)行式無完成式完成進(jìn)行式無 動詞不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。主動形式: to do (表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)? to have done (表示已做) to be doing (表示在做) 被動形式: to be asked (表示將被做) to have been done (表示已被做) 否定形式: no

2、t/never to do not/never to have done not/never to be doing1) 盡量下次不要Try not to be late again next time.再遲到。(try)_2) 他希望我們不要再He wished us never to meet her again. 同她見面。(wish)_二、動詞不定式的用法：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。（一）不定式做主語： 不定式做主語時，一般表示具體的、個別的、一次性或具有將來意義的動作。e.g: To finish the bui

3、lding in a month is difficult. 中文： _To lose heart means failure. 中文： _完成句子： 眼見為實To see is to believe.To wait is better than to leave.。 English: _等待比離開好。 English: _ 注意: 1) 不定式作主語時,謂語用_數(shù)2) 當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：句型I: It is +adj.+ ( of sb.) + to do sth. 形容詞有:good

4、, kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, wise, foolish, honest, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, silly, selfish等,用于描述人的智力和表現(xiàn)等，不定式的主語可以被該形容詞修飾.We were silly to believe him. It was silly of us to believe him.You were considerateIt was considerate of you to give me that coat. to give me that coa

5、t. _You were careless to leave your umbrella on the bus. _You are very kind to tell me the good news. _句型II: It is +adj.+ ( for sb.) + to do sth. It is +adj.+ for sth + to be done.形容詞有: easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等，表示對某事、某種行為進(jìn)行評論. Its hard f

6、or me to find a new job. 中文： _ Its important to learn English well. 中文： _ Its difficult for the problems to be solved. 中文： _句型III: It is + 名詞 + ( for sb.) + to do sth.It is + 名詞 + for sth + to be done.名詞有: the first time, a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a pleasant thing, ones duty, an honor, a crime ,

7、no easy job等Its a good idea for the books to be given to her. 中文： _ Its the first time for Tom to be here. 中文： _Its our duty to help the boss receive visitors. 中文： _句型IV: It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to do sth.It costs sb. some money to do sth.It requires courage / patience / hard w

8、ork to do sth.TranslationIts kind of you to help me。 Its silly of the students to cheat in the examination.Its an honor for us to attend such an important meeting.It is important for us to learn English very well.Its good manners to wait in line. It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother

9、 like that.It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It takes us two hours to fly to Paris from here.:a) 你幫我是好的。English：_b) 學(xué)生考試作弊是愚蠢的English：_c) 參加這樣重要的會議我們對我們是一件榮譽的事。English：_d) 對我們來說學(xué)好英語是非常重要的。English：_e) 排隊等候是很有禮貌的。English：_f) 聽到他那樣跟他媽媽說話我們很生氣。 English：_g) 十分鐘完成這件工作是難的。English：_h) 從這乘飛機到

10、巴黎用我們連兩個小時的時間。English：_i) 在河里游泳對你有許多好處。English：_j) 評論這部電影讓我很疲勞。English：_（二）不定式做表語e.g.: My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. 中文： _Your mistake was not to write that letter. 中文： _注意：Ø 當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do時，做標(biāo)語的不定式可省略to。The only thing you should do is (to) wait and see.Ø 疑問詞how/what/when/

11、where/which等可加不定式作表語。The question is how to improve our English.TranslationThe problem is how to get there on time.Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children. ：1) 問題是怎樣才能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)哪兒。The problem is _ 2) 我們的計劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。Our plan is _（三）不定式作賓語 句型1：主語 + 動詞 + to do.句型2：主語 + 動詞 +

12、for + 賓語 + to do.句型3：主語 + 動詞 + 疑問詞 + to do.主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓補 +（for sb）+ to do sth（真正的賓語）.句型4：用it作形式賓語：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask*, attempt, beg*, campaign, care, choose*, claim, dare*, decide, demand, expect*, fail, fight, guarantee, happen, help*, hesitate, hope, intend*, long, manage

13、, need*, neglect, offer, pause, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seem, strive, swear, tend, threaten, trouble*, undertake, wait, want*, wish*句型5：主語 + 動詞 + there to be + 名詞或代詞.說明：Ø 以上帶有“”號的動詞可用于“動詞+for+賓語+to do”的結(jié)構(gòu)例如： Ive arrange for a car to pick them up at the station.&#

14、216; 以上帶有“*”號的動詞可用于“動詞+賓語+to do”的結(jié)構(gòu)例如： He doesnt really expect her to pass the exam.只能用動詞不定式作賓語的口訣（接不定式作賓語的動詞） 想要學(xué)習(xí) 早打算（ want、 learn 、plan） 快準(zhǔn)備 有希望（ prepare 、hope、 wish、expect） 同意否 供選擇（agree、offer、choose） 決定了 已答應(yīng)（decide、be determined、promise） 盡力去 著手做（manage、undertake） 別拒絕 別假裝（refuse、pretend） 失敗不是屬于你

15、（fail）說明：以上動詞不能接動名詞TranslationJack cant afford to buy such a big house.Have you decided where to go?We are waiting for the train to stop.I dont know whether to take up teaching after graduation.Ill arrange for the musical instruments to be delivered on Monday.We think it better to translate the medi

16、cal term in this way. I feel it my duty to serve the people heart and soul. The professional feels it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. Do you consider it better not to go? I expect there to be a wonderful performance tomorrow. :a) Jack不能承擔(dān)起買這樣一幢大房子。(afford

17、)English：_b) 你已經(jīng)決定去哪兒了嗎？(decide)English：_c) 我們正等火車停下來。(wait)English：_d) 我不知道畢業(yè)后是否從事教學(xué)。(know)English：_e) 我會安排這些樂器在星期一被運送。(arrange for)中文： _f) 我們認(rèn)為這樣翻譯那個醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語更好。(think) 中文： _g) 我們覺得全心全意為人民服務(wù)是我們的職責(zé)。(feel)中文： _h) 這位專業(yè)人士覺得被邀請在會上面對這么多學(xué)生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。中文： _i) 你認(rèn)為不去更好嗎？(consider)中文： _j) 我期待得明天會有一場精彩的演出。(expect)

18、中文： _ （四）不定式作賓語補足語advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, dare, determined, direct, discover, drive, enable, expect, encourage, forbid, force, get, inform, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prepare, recommend, remind, request, require, send, teach, urge, want, warn, wish1. 下列動詞可用于

19、“主語 + 動詞 + 賓語 + to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)中：一感（_）， 二聽（_，_）， 三使役（_，_，_），五看（_，_，_，_，_）2. 下列感官動詞和使役動詞用于“主語 + 動詞 + do.”結(jié)構(gòu)中：說明： 1）以上動詞在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中都必須還原to；2）let的被動常用allow/permit/give permission的被動形式代替；3）動詞help后接動詞作賓語補足語， to可加可不加。3. 下列動詞用于“主語 + 動詞 + 賓語 + to be + 形容詞或名詞.”結(jié)構(gòu)中：believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, gu

20、ess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think4. hope, demand, suggest, agree, refuse等后不能接動詞不定式做賓語補足語。I hope / demand / suggest you to come on time. （錯誤）I hope that you can come on time. （正確）I demand / suggest that you (should) come on time. （正確）說明：將不定式作賓語補足語的句子改為被動語態(tài)時， 動詞不定式就成為了主語補足語，如：

21、I thought him to be the best player of the basketball. He was thought to be the best player of the basketball. We saw him enter the hall. He _ I believe him to have turned down the job. He _TranslationI would like you to help me with my English exercises.Jack is thought to have died in the air crash

22、 three year ago.We never expected there to be so many people. : a) 我想請你幫我做英語練習(xí)。(would like)English：_b) Jack被認(rèn)為三年前死于那場空難(air crash)。(think)English：_c) 我們從來沒料想到會有如此多的人。(expect)English：_d) 我將讓他再試一次get也有“讓”“叫”的意思，和使役動詞意思相近，但它后面的不定式作賓語補足語必須要有to。Ill get him to try it again.。(get)English：_ e) 盡管他經(jīng)常弄哭他的小妹妹T

23、hough he often make shis little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.He is often heard to sing the song.，但今天他卻被他的小妹妹弄哭了。English：_f) 經(jīng)常聽到他唱這首歌。(hear)English：_g) 我們同意他參加這次英語比賽。(agree)English：_ （五）不定式作定語 不定式作定語，有時幾乎等于一個定語從句，大多用于表示即將發(fā)生的動作。 1. 在某些由動詞派生的名詞后常接不定式作定語。agreement, arrangem

24、ent, attempt, claim, decision, desire, determination, failure, need, offer, plan, pleasure, promise, refusal, tendency, threat, warning, wish等u I dont trust his promise _ (come) for a visit.中文： _u He has persisted in her refusal _ (spend) Christmas in Paris.中文： _u Mary has no intention _ (practise)

25、law like her father.中文： _注意：在intention或hope后常接“of + 動名詞或動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”形式。ability, ambition, anxiety, capability, curiosity, eagerness, freedom, patience, readiness, willingness等2. 在某些由形容詞派生的名詞后常接不定式作定語。u Your ability _ (analyze) the problem really surprises me.中文： _u He has fulfilled his ambition _ (be)

26、an architect. 中文： _3. 用于說明某些名詞的內(nèi)容，常接不定式作定語。appeal, campaign, chance, courage, effort, evidence, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, sense, skill, struggle, talent, way等u You must have the courage _ (say) “No”.中文： _u We have good reason _ (believe) that he is lying.中文： _4. 用于某些名詞或不定代詞后，表示它們所

27、起的作用。u Have you anything _ (cure) my headache?中文： _u I need a box _ (hold) my books.中文： _5. the onlythe 形容詞最高級 + 名詞 + 不定式順序詞（the last, the next）序數(shù)詞（the first, the second）u Linda是唯一一個在那所著名的教育機構(gòu)工作的老師。English：_u 出席講座的最年輕的人14歲。English：_注意：A. 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或所修飾的名詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞； 帶直接賓語的不定式修飾一個間接賓

28、語時，也應(yīng)加上相應(yīng)的介詞。B. 如果不定式修飾time, place, way，可以省略介詞：Completea) to cut apples with.（削蘋果）to live in (住) especially in Beijing.b) The fox found a box to stand on (站在上面).c) Could you lend me a pen to write with(寫字)d) This is the tool to work with (勞動).Give me a piece of paper to write on(寫字).I have no idea w

29、hom to give this letter to.e) He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem. the sentence：a) Give me a knife .（削蘋果）b) Some people have no house (住), especially in Beijing.c) The fox found a box (站在上面).d) Could you lend me a pen (寫字).e) This is the tool to (勞動).f) Give me a pi

30、ece of paper (寫字).g) I have no idea (把這封信給誰).h) He has no place (住).i) This is the best way (阻止這兩人打斗).（六）不定式做狀語不定式做狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、結(jié)果、條件、原因或程度。1、 作目的狀語（4種句型） 句型1：_例如(in order) to + 動詞原形：To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best He came here in order to see Charlie.句型2：_例如so as to

31、+ 動詞原形（不位于句首）： I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him Check your composition so as to avoid mistakes.句型3： for there to be 例如： For there to be no mistake, you must recheck your composition. 中文：_ For there to be life, there must be air and water. 中文：_句型4： for + sb（不定式本身的主語）+ to + 動詞原形例如： My

32、father bought a new book for me to read.中文：_ Exercise：a) 為了保護(hù)幼苗不被太陽曬壞In order to protect the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.，媽媽把它們放到了陰涼處。 (to)English：_b) 今天早上他起身很早以免上學(xué)再遲到He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again.。(so as to)English：_ c) 判斷正誤不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

33、表示目的時，通常句子的主語就是它的邏輯主語： To save money, every means has been tried. ( )To save money, he has tried every means. ( ) To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. ( )To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. ( ) Conclusion：_2、 作結(jié)果狀語（4種句型） 句型1：_例如too to + 動詞原形，太以致不能：1) His eyesight is too poor to r

34、ead such small letters. 中文：_2) He arrived at the station too late to catch the early train.中文：_3) We found the room to small to hold so many people.中文：_4) She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.中文：_5) He is too anxious他很急切地想知道考試結(jié)果。 to know the examination results.中文：_6) She is only她太想

35、留在家里了 too glad to stay at home. 中文：_7) Its never活到老，學(xué)到老。 too late to learn.中文：_注意：A. 如果“too to ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞為anxious, delighted, eager, easy, glad, kind, pleased, ready, willing, surprised等，其后的不定式表示肯定。B. 當(dāng)all, but, not, never, only, quite, really等后接“too to ”結(jié)構(gòu)時，“too”的含義為“very”， 不定式?jīng)]有否定意義。句型2：only to + 動詞

36、原形（find / discover / realize / drop等）表示出乎意料之外的結(jié)果例如：He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.中文：_ He lift a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 中文：_句型3：so + 形容詞/副詞（原形）+ as to + 動詞原形“如此以至于”句型4：such + 帶有形容詞的名詞詞組+ as to + 動詞原形“如此以至于”TranslationThe question is too difficult for me to answer.

37、He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself. Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio? He woke up only to find himself in hospital. The water is not fit to drink. The room is very comfortable to live in.：a) 對我來說，這個問題太難回答了。(tooto) English：_b) 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。(only to)English：_3. 作條件狀語（常位

38、于句首）例如：To look at him, you would like him. To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.4. 作原因狀語（3種句型） 句型1：主語 + 表示情感的不及物動詞+ 不定式 句型2：主語 + 表示情緒或情感的形容詞/過去分詞 + 不定式afraid, angry, anxious, eager, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, delighted, disappointed, excited, shocked, surprised句型3：主語 + be + 說明人的行為或品質(zhì)的形容詞 + 不定式 例如：1) I could not but laugh to hear such a funny story.2) Im glad to meet you. 3) The boy was rude to speak to the teacher like that.注意：hard, difficult, easy, fit，comfortable等詞也可以接動詞不定式。這時候，作句子主語的除了是表示人