1、.'練習(xí) 4：虛擬語氣強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題Part I. Multiple Choice1. _ go downtown this afternoon, please post the letter for me.A. Had you B. Were you to C. If you did D. Shall you 句意：如果你下午要去市中心，請幫我寄一下這封信。解析：這是省略了 if 的條件句，完整的從句為 If you were to go downtown this afternoon，從句是針對將來的虛擬語氣，用于表示禮貌客氣的態(tài)度。2. You didn t let me drive

2、. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove, didn t getB. were driving, wouldn t getC. drove, wouldn t get D. had driven, wouldn t have got句意：你不讓我開車。如果我們輪流開車，你就不會這么累了。解析：這是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)， 開車是過去的事情了， 因此從句中用過去完成時(shí)表示虛擬，主句中用 would+have done的形式表示虛擬。3. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. wer

3、e not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. hadn t been, could have climbedD. hadn been,t could climb句意：如果不是因?yàn)槟菆鲅?，我們昨天本可以爬山的。解析：這是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)， 下雪及爬山說的都是之前的事情， 因此從句中用過去完成時(shí)表示虛擬，主句中用 could+have done的形式表示虛擬。注意：此句中涉及一個(gè) it 的句型。 It is for 一般用于引起原因， If it isn tfor ，意為“要不是因?yàn)?”。此句中用了該句型的虛擬語氣形式。4. Th

4、e new airport _ if they had not stopped working on it.A. would completeB. had been completedC. had completedD. would have been completed句意：如果他們沒有停止建設(shè)，新機(jī)場早就建成了。解析：這是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)，因此從句中用過去完成時(shí)表示虛擬，主句中用 would+have done的形式表示虛擬。新機(jī)場是被建成，這里有一個(gè)完成加被動(dòng)。5. If he _ his doctor s advice, he _ alive.A. had taken, mi

5、ght still have beenB. had taken; might still beC. might have taken; had still beenD. took; might still be句意：如果他聽了醫(yī)生的建議，他現(xiàn)在可能還活著。解析：這是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句， 從句說的是過去聽醫(yī)生的建議， 主句說的是現(xiàn)在的情況。因此從句中用過去完成時(shí)表示對過去事情的假設(shè)， 主句中用 “情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞might+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)。6. If you _ in good health, I _ you go on a trip yesterday.A. were; would

6、 have letB. had been; would have letC. had been; had letD. were; had let句意：如果你是健康的，昨天我就會讓你去旅行了。解析：這是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)，健康狀態(tài)及旅行說的都是昨天的事，因此從句中用過去完成時(shí)表示假設(shè)， 主句中用 would+have done的形式表示假設(shè)。7. I lost your address, otherwise (or) I _ you long before.; .'A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. sh

7、ould visit 句意：我弄丟了你的地址，否則我早就去看你了。解析：otherwise 后面的句子是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)。 因此用 would+have done 的形式表示本想做但是沒有做。8. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey句意：門口的保安堅(jiān)持要求每個(gè)人都遵守規(guī)則。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語氣。 insist 在句中意為“堅(jiān)持要求”，其后的 that 從句中用動(dòng)詞原形，表示這是主觀意愿。9. The boss i

8、nsisted that John _ unfit for his work.A. wasB. isC. should beD. were句意：老板堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 John 不稱職。解析：該句中沒有虛擬語氣，是直陳句，從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致，都為一般過去時(shí)。句中的 insist 意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為、堅(jiān)持說”，是堅(jiān)持自己的看法，而不是堅(jiān)持要求別人要做什么的意思，因此表達(dá)的不是主觀意愿，不用虛擬語氣。10. The officer commanded (ordered) the damaged bridge _ before dawn.A. must be repairedB. would be repa

9、iredC. be repairedD. should have been repaired句意：長官命令在天亮前修好損毀的橋梁。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語氣。 Command/order后的 that 從句中用動(dòng)詞原形表示主觀意愿。11. He suggested (advised, proposed) that the wounded _ to the hospital as soon as possible.A. had been sentB. should have been sentC. would be sentD. (should) be sent句意：他建議盡快把傷員送到醫(yī)

10、院。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語氣。 Suggest/advise/propose后的 that 從句中用動(dòng)詞原形表示主觀意愿。12. He came home with a smile on his face, which suggested that he _ work.A. should findB. had lostC. should have foundD. had found句意：他回家時(shí)面帶微笑，這意味著他找到了工作。解析：該句中沒有虛擬語氣， 從句的時(shí)態(tài)與整個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。 句子是一般過去時(shí)，而找到工作是在回家之前發(fā)生的，所以要用過去完成時(shí)。該句中的suggest意為“

11、表明、意味著、暗示”，不表示“建議”，因此不用虛擬語氣。13. Most of the members demanded (requested, required, asked) that the meeting_ till after Friday.A. shouldn t put offB. not be put off C. wouldn t be put offD. not put off 句意：大部分成員要求會議不要推遲到周五以后。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語氣。 Demand 等詞后的 that 從句中用動(dòng)詞原形表示主觀意愿。這里相當(dāng)于是 should not be put of

12、f，省略了 should。14. I wish I _ how to translate this sentence.A. knewB. knowC. have knownD. should know句意：我希望我知道如何翻譯這個(gè)句子。; .'解析：這是表達(dá)非現(xiàn)實(shí)的愿望。 Wish 后的 that 從句中，如果是針對現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間而言，那么動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)表示非現(xiàn)實(shí)的愿望。15. Has Fangfang been to New York? No, but she wishes she _.A. wouldB. will next timeC. hadD. had next time句意：芳芳

13、去過紐約嗎？沒有，但是她希望她去過。解析：這是表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)不一致的愿望。 Wish 后的 that 從句中，如果是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情而言， 那么動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)不一致的愿望。 該句是一個(gè)省略句，完整的句子為 No, but she wishes she had been to New York。由于是對問題的回答，所以省略了問題中的相同成分，只保留了助動(dòng)詞had。16. I wish I _ the TV program last night.A. could watch B. have watched C. watched D. could have watched 句意：我

14、希望我昨晚看了那個(gè)電視節(jié)目。解析：這是表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)不一致的愿望。 Wish 后的 that 從句中，如果是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情而言， 那么動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)不一致的愿望， 如果重點(diǎn)要表達(dá)遺憾情緒，也可以用“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 +have done”的形式。17. The two strangers talked as if they _ fiends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had been句意：那兩個(gè)陌生人聊起天來就好像他們是多年的朋友一樣。解析：這是與過去事實(shí)不一致的比擬。 as if 從句中用過去完成時(shí)表達(dá)與過去

15、事實(shí)不一致的比擬。18. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if (though) it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. has been broken 句意：當(dāng)一支鉛筆一部分置于水杯中時(shí)，看起來就好像被折斷了一樣。解析：這是與一般現(xiàn)實(shí)不一致的比擬。 as if 從句中用過去時(shí)表達(dá)與一般事實(shí)不一致的比擬， be 動(dòng)詞用 were。19. Look at the clouds, it looks as if it _ rain.A. willB. wouldC.

16、 wereD. is going to句意：看那些云，看起來好像就要下雨了。解析：這是接近于事實(shí)的比擬，不適用虛擬語氣。根據(jù)語境判斷，下雨是很可能就要發(fā)生的事情，所以不適用虛擬語氣。20. _ he were trying to teach them all he knew.A. It seemed thatB. They had hopedC. It seemed as ifD. They thought句意：看起來好像他要把他所知道的都教給他們。解析：根據(jù)后半句中的were 得知，該句中有虛擬語氣，并且是針對當(dāng)前事實(shí)的非現(xiàn)實(shí)的比擬， 因此需要選擇一個(gè)能使用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)。 所給選項(xiàng)中只有

17、as if 從句需要使用虛擬語氣，其他結(jié)構(gòu)不使用虛擬語氣。21. The doctor urged that she _ an operation as early as possible.A. hadB. hasC. haveD. would have句意：醫(yī)生催促她盡早做手術(shù)。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語氣。 urge 后的 that 從句中用動(dòng)詞原形表示主觀意愿。22. Without your encouragement and support, we _.A. should not succeedB. would not succeed; .'C. would have s

18、ucceededD. would not have succeeded句意：如果沒有你的鼓勵(lì)和支持，我們不可能取得成功。解析：這是轉(zhuǎn)化了的虛擬條件句，把 if 條件句轉(zhuǎn)化為 without 介詞短語，表達(dá)的仍然是一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件， 因此句中仍要使用虛擬語氣。 此處，取得成功是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，針對過去的事，使用“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 +have done”的結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)假設(shè)。23. I think it s high time the children _ to school.A. goB. are goingC. will goD. went句意：我想該是孩子們上學(xué)的時(shí)候了。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語氣。句

19、型詞過去式表達(dá)主觀意愿，有時(shí)也可以用“省略。it is (high) time that 從句中要用動(dòng)should+動(dòng)詞原形”，但是 should 不能24. Given more time and money, he _better than what it is.A. didB. had doneC. could have doneD. would do句意：如果有更多的時(shí)間和錢，他本可以做得比現(xiàn)在更好。解析：這是轉(zhuǎn)化了的虛擬條件句，把if 條件句轉(zhuǎn)化為 given 引起的短語，表達(dá)的仍然是一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件， 因此句中仍要使用虛擬語氣。 此處他做事情是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，針對過去的事，使用“情態(tài)助

20、動(dòng)詞 +have done”的結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)假設(shè)。25. The same thing, happening in war time, _ great disaster.A. will amount toB. amounts toC. would have amounted toD. would amount to句意：同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，將會構(gòu)成巨大的災(zāi)難。解析：這是轉(zhuǎn)化了的虛擬條件句，把 if 條件句轉(zhuǎn)化為 happening in war time 分詞短語，表達(dá)的仍然是一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件，因此句中仍要使用虛擬語氣。此處，是針對一般情況的假設(shè)，因此使用針對現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的虛擬語氣，句中用“情態(tài)

21、助動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”表達(dá)假設(shè)。注意：該句中， amount to sth.是重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞短語，意為“相當(dāng)于、等同于、構(gòu)成”。Part II. Error Analysis1. Your director would have been inclined to favor your request if you would have waited for another occasion when he was less busy with other more importantmatters.修改： would have waitedhad waited句意：如果你能等到主管處理不太重要事情的

22、、不太忙的其他時(shí)候， 他是有可能愿意接受你的請求的。解析：根據(jù)語境及句中時(shí)態(tài)判斷， 找主管提出請求這件事已經(jīng)發(fā)生了， 針對過去事情的假設(shè)，從句中應(yīng)該使用過去完成時(shí)。2. He suggested that the methodis popularized at once.修改： is popularizedbe popularized句意：他建議該方法馬上普及。解析： suggest后的 that 從句中用動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)主觀意愿。3. It is important that every citizen who expects to cast his vote takes the time to evaluate the issues openly.修改：takestake; .'句意：重要的是，每個(gè)想要投選票的公民要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間公開評估這些問題。解析： It is important that 句型中，用動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)主觀意愿。此處 that 從句中包含一個(gè)定語從句 who expects to cast his vote，that 從句的主語為 every citizen, 謂語動(dòng)詞為 take，只在謂語動(dòng)詞上使用主觀意愿的虛擬語氣，其他動(dòng)詞不涉及。4. The traffic was very