1、Chapter ThreeCharacteristics Characteristics of Medical TermsPronunciation of Medical terms medical terms difficult to pronounce partly attributed to the large number of loan wordsPronunciation of Medical terms chancre 下疳,梅毒性潰瘍 goiter甲狀腺腫 grand / petit mal癲癇大小發(fā)作 lavage灌洗 massage按摩Pronunciation of Me

2、dical terms Please refer to 李定鈞醫(yī)學英語詞匯學p70-73 The stress of a long medical word is most commonly on the THIRD to the last syllable. e.g. cholecystectomy 7kClisis5tektEmi, 7kEuli-Pronunciation of Medical terms Usually determined by suffixes e.g. -algia hepatalgia, adenalgia, laryngalgia -phobia Hydrop

3、hobia, claustrophobia -meter Thermometer, sphygmomanometer -itis Gastritis, arthritis, appendicitis,endocervicitisPronunciation of Medical terms try to read the following medical terms: Tonsillectomy 7tCnsE5lektEmi VertigoPronunciation of Medical terms try to read the following medical terms: Sciati

4、ca saI5AtIkE Syncope 5siNkEpiPronunciation of Medical terms try to read the following medical terms:Tachypnea 7tAkip5ni:EDysentery5dIsEntrI; (?) 5dIsEnterIMucopolysaccharidosis mjU:kEJ9pClI9sAkEraIdEJsIsNyctalopia 7niktE5lEupiEPronunciation of Medical terms Read the following sentence: These subtype

5、s differ because of changes in certain proteins on the surface of the influenza A virus (hemagglutinin HA and neuraminidase NA proteins). Pronunciation of Medical terms influenza hemagglutinin 5hi:mE5lu:tinin, hemE-neuraminidase 7njurE5minEdeisprotein 5prEuti:nPronunciation of Some Individual letter

6、s c: k before a, o, u, cardiac5kB:diAkcarcinoma7kB:si5nEumEleucocyte5lju:kE7saitPronunciation of Some Individual letters c: s before e, i, yparacentesis 7pArEsEn5ti:sisplacenta plE5sentE acidpregnancyemergency; Pronunciation of Some Individual letters g ：g before a, o, u gastral AstrElacromegaly 9Ak

7、rEJmeElI (肢端肥大癥) antagonism An5tAEnizEm (對抗作用) regulator anticoagulant 5AntikEu5AjulEnt (抗凝(血)劑)Pronunciation of Some Individual letters g ： dV before e, i, y agentemergencyageanalgesia 7AnAl5dVi:zjEPronunciation of Some Individual lettersInitial x : z xacorin 5zAkErin 茶堿膽堿xalogen zA5lCdVEn 眠爾通 xant

8、helasma 7zAnWE5lAzmE 黃斑瘤 xanthocyanopsia 7zAnWEu7saiE5nCpsiE 紅綠色盲, 黃藍視癥Pronunciation of Some Individual lettersin other places: ks anthrax5AnWrAks炭疽 axilla Ak5silE (掖窩) examination. Pronunciation of Some Consonant combinations Ch, ph and rh are three consonant combinations. They appear in a word as

9、a unit and their pronunciations seem to have nothing to do with individual constant. Pronunciation of Some Consonant combinations ch ： tF chokechestPronunciation of Some Consonant combinations ch ： k stomachchromosome 5krEumEsEum cholecystectomy 7kClisis5tektEmi, 7kEuli- (膽囊切除術(shù)) chronic cholecystiti

10、s 7kClisis5taitis (膽囊炎)Pronunciation of Some Consonant combinations ch or both catechin 5kAtitFin, -kin 兒茶酚.Pronunciation of Some Consonant combinations ph usually f pheromone 5ferEmEun信息素pheron 5ferCn 酶蛋白 phoresis fEu5ri:sis (=cataphoresis) 7kAtEfE5ri:sis 電泳現(xiàn)象, phasePronunciation of Some Consonant

11、combinations rh r rhabdomyolysis9rAbdEJmaIEJlIsIs 橫紋肌溶解rhabdovirusrAbdEJ9vaIErEs,9rAbdEJv-棒狀病毒, rhinal 5rainl rhinalgia rai5nAldViE rhinitis rai5naitis Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants At the beginning of a word, the first consonant of double constants, including cn, gn, mn, pn, ps, and pt, i

12、s silent. However, the two consonants are pronounced if the pair appear in the middle of a word.Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants Initial cn : n cnidoblast naIdEJblB:st (刺細胞)kn gastrocnemius 7AstrCk5ni:miEs腓腸肌Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants gn : n gnarl (節(jié)，瘤)gnathal 5nAWEl (顎的, 頜的) gno

13、tobiology 7nEutEubai5ClEdVi 限菌生物學,無菌生物學 but n prognosis prC5nEusis Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants mn : n mneme ni:mI記憶力 mnamnesia Am5ni:zjE.Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants pn ：n pneodynamics 7ni:Eu7dai5nAmiks 呼吸動力學 pneophorus 7ni:5CfErEs 人工呼吸器 pneumonia pn apnea Ap5ni:EPronunciation

14、 of Some Double Consonants ps ：s psicaine 5saikein 賽卡因, psychalgia 7sai5kAldViE 精神性痛 pseudo in the middle of a word ：ps apselaphesia 7ApselE5fi:ziE 觸覺缺失.Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants pt ：t ptyalin 5taiElin 唾液淀粉酶ptoma 5tEumE 尸體 ptomatopsy 7tEumE5tCpsi 尸體剖檢 pteridine 5terE7di:n 蝶啶 pt hemopty

15、sis hi5mCptisis 咳血, 咯血. Pronunciation of Medical terms try to read the following medical terms:Pneumococcal meningitis Pneumothorax Psychotic PtosisPtyalography 涎管(X線)造影術(shù)7taiE5lCrEfiPyelonephritis7paiElEuni5fraitis 腎盂腎炎Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms invariably singularespecially nouns den

16、oting diseaseseven though some of them end with ssuch as hemophilia, arrhythmiaadenitis appendicitis arthritis bronchitis diabetes hepatitis measles mumps rickets shinglesPlural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -a(Latin) -aeampullaampullae（壺腹）conjunctivaconjunctivae（結(jié)膜）maxillamaxillae（顎,顎板,上頜骨） pl

17、eura pleurae （胸膜，肋膜） scapula scapulae （肩胛骨） vertebra vertebrae （脊椎骨, 椎骨） Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -oma(Greek) -mataenemaenemata（灌腸）fibromafibromata(fibromas)（纖維瘤） lymphoma lymphomata （淋巴瘤） stoma stomata （氣孔，人造口） Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -um(Latin) -aflagellumflagell

18、a（鞭毛，鞭狀體）labiumlabia（唇） medium media Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -on(Greek) -aencephalonencephala（腦, 腦髓）ganglionganglia（神經(jīng)節(jié)，神經(jīng)中樞） phenomenon phenomena（現(xiàn)象） Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -is(Greek)-esanalysisanalyses（分析, 分解）arthrosisarthroses（關節(jié), 關節(jié)?。ヽrisiscrises（危象, 轉(zhuǎn)換期） der

19、matosis dermatoses （皮膚?。?epiphysis epiphyses （骨骺） neurosis neuroses （神經(jīng)??；神經(jīng)官能癥）Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -is(Greek)-es （2）paralysisparalyses（癱瘓, 麻痹）psychosispsychoses（精神?。蛔儜B(tài)心理）pubispubes（尺骨） testis testes （睪丸 thesis theses （論題, 論文） urinalysis urinalyses （尿分析, 驗尿） Plural FormsPlural F

20、orms of Medical Terms -is(Greek)-idesarthritisarthritides（關節(jié)炎） glottis glottides （聲門） Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -us(Latin)-ibacillusbacilli（桿狀菌, 細菌）bronchusbronchi（支氣管） coccus cocci （球菌） focus foci （病灶） fungus fungi （真菌）Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -us(Latin)-I (2)humeru

21、shumeri（肱骨，上膊骨）locusloci（軌跡，位點）nodulusnoduli（小節(jié)） radius radii （撓骨） renculus renculi （腎小葉） thrombus thrombi （血栓） Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -us(Latin)-eragenusgenera（類；屬）Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -us(Latin)-oracorpuscorpora（體） stercus stercora （糞）Plural FormsPlural Form

22、s of Medical Terms -ex(Latin)-ices / esapexapices / apexes（頂點,尖）cortexcortices / cortexes（皮質(zhì)， 皮層） pollex pllices （拇指）Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -ix(Latin)-ices / esappendixappendices / appendixes（闌尾, 盲腸）cervixcervices / cervixes（頸部, 子宮頸） varix varices （靜脈曲張） Plural FormsPlural Forms o

23、f Medical Terms -ax(Greek)-aces / esthorax thoraces / thoraxes（胸，胸部，胸腔）Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -inx(Greek)-igesmeninxmeninges（腦膜） Plural FormsPlural Forms of Medical Terms -s(Latin)-savasvasa（管，血管，脈管）Synonymous PhenomenonSynonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms different origins Old

24、English, Latin, Greek, French and other languages One result： different elements, or even words are used to refer to the same concept, thing or idea. Overlapping in reference is very common in medical terminology. Synonymous PhenomenonSynonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synonymous PhenomenonSynonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synonymous PhenomenonSynonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synonymous PhenomenonSynonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synonymous PhenomenonSynonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synonymous PhenomenonSynonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synon