1、熱點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目之句子結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句，時態(tài)和語態(tài)熱點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目之名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句動詞用法講與練想一想用括號屮所給動詞的正確形式填空i .would you please give him the message the moment he(arrive)?2. he hurried to the station only to find that the train(leave)3. if it hadn't been for the pla soldier, the boy(drown) in the river yesterday4. it(say) that another

2、 bridge will be built over the rive匚5. all kinds of trees(plant) on the hill every spring so as to make the hill beautiful.6. good care must(take) of the children in our school.7. with a lot of difficult problems(settle), the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks8. prices of daily goods(buy) through

3、 a computer can be lower than store prices9. have you checked all the machines(send) to tibet next month ?10. hearing the news, he rushed out,(leave) the book open on the table and disappearedinto the distanceii for three hours we waited for the decision, only(tell) to come again the next day.12. fm

4、 examining the article he has just finished(correct) the possible mistakes in it.13 everyone will thank the firefighters for the things they have done to prevent fires (spread)14. there is no use(quarel) with such a foolish person as he.15. fm afraid she doesn't have enough time(finish) her repo

5、rt in time.keys: 1. arrives 2. had left 3 would have been drowned 4. is said 5. are planted6. be taken 7. to settle 8. bought 9 to be sent 10.1 eaving 11. to be told12. to correct 13. spreading 14. quarelling 15. to finish講一講動詞填空在語法填空題中至少有兩道題，是考查的熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。通常情況下，這兩 道動詞填空題有一空考查謂語形式，另一題則考查非謂語形式。遇到這類題的時候，

6、我們應(yīng) 注意從如下幾個方面進(jìn)行思考：一. 如果被考查的動詞在句屮作謂語，則要考查它的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。如果所在的句子是一 個簡單句，則要看整篇短文所陳述的事情發(fā)生在什么吋候，并同吋考慮所給動詞表示的動作 發(fā)生在什么時候，并據(jù)此確定動詞的時態(tài)。此外，還應(yīng)注意這個動詞所表示的意義是主動的 還是被動的，并據(jù)此確定動詞所用的語態(tài)。二. 注意動詞的語氣。要正確的使用動詞，有的時候還得要注意正確地使用動詞的語 氣。如果表示虛擬的情況，還得要注意正確地使用動詞的虛擬語氣。此外，在動詞wish的 賓語從句句、"s訐從句中等的謂語動詞也要用虛擬語氣。三. 在某些特特殊的句型屮(如it is the firs

7、t time that.),謂語動詞也有其特殊的用法。 這也是我們必須注意的地方。四. 如果所給動詞不在句屮充當(dāng)謂語，則要考慮使用其非謂語形式。非謂語形式有不 定式、分詞和動名詞三種形式。要注意這個動詞在相應(yīng)的地方應(yīng)用何種形式。另外，同謂語 動詞一樣，使用非謂語形式也要注意正確地使用其被動式(除過去分詞外)。練一練用括號中所給動詞的正確形式填空1. zhou lan, you look puzzled have you understand it?yes. i(think) about another problem just now.2. will you go now?not until

8、1(finish) my experimenls.3. fd like to buy a pen which(write) well.4. hi. bill. you are late.一sorry, i would have come sooner. i(not know) that you were waiting5. -did you meet the chief editor at the airport?no. he(drive) away before my arrival6. if you(be) a little more careful in the test, you wo

9、uld have passed the test.7. the building(build) in our school is for our teachers. it's to be completed by the end ofnext yea匚&(give) that they are in inexperienced, they have done a good job9 with all that she needed(buy), she left the supermarket happily10.(leave) in the care of his grandm

10、other, ted grew to be a boy with very good manners.11 there, almost(lose) in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told tokeep quiet.12. what is the way smith thought of(make) enough money to buy the new house?13. he is said(treat) badly in the supermarket when he was doing his

11、shopping yesterday.14. -fd like to buy an fm radio.well. we've got several models(choose) from.15.1 wonder why you worf t do it as(tell) to and it's the third time you have done so.keys: 1. was thinking 2. have finished 3. writes 4. didn't know 5. had been driven6. had been 7. being buil

12、t 8. given 9. bought 10. left 11 lost 12. to make 13 to have been treated 14. to choose 15. told名詞性從句講與練想一想在下列句子的空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1 with the rapid development, the idea has already come truewe can play video gamesand receive e-mails without sitting at a keyboard.2 word camethe the shengzhou vii will be sen

13、t off in a few days3. fve learned, no matter what happens and how bad it seems today, life goes on and itwill be better tomorrow.4. 一what worries the public worry most?一prices keep going up, i suppose.5. the reason he has been such a success in his career ishe never gives up in his work.6. this text

14、 can be used for listening this term has not been decided yet.7. matters most in learning english is enough practice8. the seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. warm sunshine and soft sands make it is.9. it is none of your businessother people think about you. believe in yourself.10. wh

15、y not try your luck downtown, bob? that'sthe best jobs are.11. 一my son was ill last week.一is thatyou asked for a few days off?12. i've been expecting them the whole afternoon. what i am wondering isthey will be here.13. someone is knocking at the door. go and seeit is.14. the volunteers are

16、so young that i was wonderingthey can do to help us with our work.15. while you've made some mistakes, i believe you've done your best andthings willimprove.keys: 1. that 2. that3. that4. that 5. that6. whether7. what& what9. what 10. where11. why12. when 13. who 14. what15. that講一講對于名詞性

17、從句，我們應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握引導(dǎo)名詞性從句各類連詞的用法。高考試題在考查名 詞性從句吋，?？疾槊~性從句的連接詞。這是一個測試熱點(diǎn)。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞有三 大類：1. 單純連接詞：that、whetherif。它們只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，并不在從句中充當(dāng)任 何成分o that在句中沒有一定的含義。whether和if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,可表示“是否”之 意。注意，訐只能用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。女山1) .he told me that he would leave office soon.2) .she asked me whether(if) i could lend

18、him my dictionary.2. 連接代詞what、who which、whose> whom.它們除了引導(dǎo)名詞性從句外，還要在從 句充當(dāng)一定的成分。如：1) .what can be done has been done.what在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語。2) .can you tell me which box is yours?which在句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作定語，修飾box。3. 連接副詞how、why> where、when。它們除引導(dǎo)從句外，還要在從句中作狀語。如:1) .1 don't know how i can finish

19、my work so soon.2) .your coat is still where your put it.二. 注意th址的用法及省略。that連接名詞性從句吋，只起一個引導(dǎo)的作用，不可在 從句中充當(dāng)任何成分。that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時常常省略，但由并列連詞連接的兩個以上的賓 語從句時，第一個連詞that可以省略，第二個(包插第二個)以后的that則不可省略了。另 夕卜,that在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時,不可省。如：i know (that) she was born in the country and that she came here to look for a j

20、ob.這個句子中的兩個 lhal 都不在句中充當(dāng) 任何成分。第一個that可以省略，而第二個that則不能省略。三注意what和that的用法比較。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，還要在從句中充當(dāng)一定 的成分，如主語、賓語或表語等。what不可在從句中省略。而(hat在句中只起引導(dǎo)名詞性 從句的作用，而不在句屮作任何成分。試比較：1.1 don't know what they are talking about.本句中，what 在句屮引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在 從句中作talking about的賓語。2.1 know (that) he is leaving for shanghai.本句屮，

21、that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但在從句屮，它不充當(dāng)任何成分。四. 注意掌握whether和if的用法。whether和if都可用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。但在引導(dǎo)主 語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，只能用whether,不能用訐。五. 掌握whatever與whoever的用法。whatever和whoever的用法有相似之處。它們 都可用于：1. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論”如：1) .whatever you do,you must do it well.2) .whoever you are, you must obey the rules2. 同時作主句的一個成分和從句的一個成分，相當(dāng)于“一個先行詞

22、+關(guān)系代詞”，即 whatever 相當(dāng)于 anything that/which； 而 whoever 貝u相當(dāng)于 anyone that/whoc六. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞同引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞、定語從句的關(guān)系代詞或副詞大多 相同。不要將這三類從句混為一談。下面以where為例進(jìn)行說明。如：1. he went back to the small town where he grew up as a child.本句中的 where 是一個關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)一個定語從句.從句的先行詞是town.2. plants grow well where there is enough water and

23、 sunlight.本句的 where 引導(dǎo)的從句是在整個句子中作狀語,引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句.3. where we shall have the meeting is not known yet.木句的 where 引導(dǎo)一個主語從句.練一練在下列句子的空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~i it worries both the parents very muchtheir only son suffers from serious heart trouble2. there is no doubtchina will become more and more powerful in the future3.

24、during the summer holidays, we paid a visit towas once our primary school that theworkers use as a store now.4. at the very beginning of last year mr. wang made the decisionhe should organize ateam to help the poor children with their education.5. our city is no ion gerit was ten years ago, when it

25、was quite dirty and noisy 6. that policeman has no ideathe goldentex hotel is, except that it is just next to thehymall shopping centre.7. is it truewhat he said is of great importance to us in improving our production?& we had waited forseemed like ages before the police finally came to our res

26、cue9. do you suppose will win the first prize in the composition competition?pm not sure lets wait and see10. many people in south china received a heavy attack of natural disaster at the verybeginning of 2008 drew close attention from all over the worldii 一do you think parents should do everything

27、for their children?no, thatsthey are mistaken12.1 rememberthis used to be a quiet village, well known for its fresh air and wate匚13. 一have you found your notebook?一yes, i have it waswe were having a chat this morning14.1 had neither a rain coat nor an umbrella yesterday. that'si got soaking wet.

28、15. asks you to get rid of the bad habits is quite right.keys: 1. that 2. that 3 what4. that 5. what 6. where 7. that 8. what9. who 10. that 11 where12. when13. where 14. why 15. whoever定語從句講與練想一想1. the gentleman aboutyou told me the other day will come to give us a lecture tomorrow2. the result of

29、the experiment turned out very good,we hadn't expected3. have you seen the playleading role is played by lily's sister?4. the cleaning women was assigned to wipe off the dirty marks on the road, weremainly made by chewing gums.5. is often the case, mike was late againd and made up an excuse

30、to fool the boss6. was known to all, our boss had broken his promise that he would give us a rise.7. nowadays teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants,only serve junk food.8. here are a lot of rubber glovesfin gers have holes in them 9. mr smith never read anythingwas not worth reading in h

31、is spare time.10. the professor mentioned some poets and poemswere unknown to us in his lecture11. the volunteers have paid a visit to all the senior citizens in the community, most ofare aged from 70 to over 90 years old.12. to get the program started, alli need is your permission and support.13. h

32、as been said above, english grammar is only a set of dead rules14. can you tell me something about the manhouse you have rented for years?15. finally the little boy tod us everythinghe had seen and heard in the street.keys: 1 whom 2. which 3 whose 4. which 5. as 6. which 7. which& whose 9. that

33、10. that 11. whom 12. that 13. as 14. whose 15. that講一講在考查定語從句時，定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞通常是歷年來考查的重點(diǎn)。而對于定語從句的關(guān) 聯(lián)詞語（關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞），同學(xué)們應(yīng)重點(diǎn)把握如下要點(diǎn)：一、只能用that的場合：1. 先彳亍詞語是 everything、nothings anything> all、much、many> a lot> few> little> none 等時。女口 ： he was so hungiy that he ate up everything that was put in fro

34、nt of him.2. 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或者是last時；或者先行詞語被序數(shù)詞語及l(fā)ast修飾時。女口：this is the first student that i got to know in this school./this will be the last thing that i will do.3. 先行詞被最高級修飾或先彳亍詞本身就是最高級吋。如：this is the most interesting film that i have seen this year. / this book is the most expensive that i have bought s

35、o far.4. 先彳亍詞被 all、every> some、next> any、no、many、much the only the very 等修 飾時。女0： he is the very man that i am after.5. 一些以who、which開頭的句子，為了避免重復(fù)，以要用that用作關(guān)系代詞。如： which is the book that you have just paid for? / who is the person that you are looking for?6. 先行詞既指人也指物時。如：we talked about the thin

36、gs and persons that we still remembered.7. way用作先行詞時，關(guān)聯(lián)詞語用（hat或in which，也可省略不用，但不可用which. 女口： this is the only way that（in which） you can work out this problem.二. 只能用which的場合：1. 在引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句，替代前面的整個句子時。在所給的關(guān)系代詞中，其它 的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都不具備此用法。這一用法通常是高考試題的一個熱點(diǎn)。如：mary failed in the examination, which worried he

37、r mother a lot.2. 表示泛指意義的不定代詞one、he> they> those> anyone等擔(dān)任先行詞吋，不可用 that作關(guān)聯(lián)詞語,而要用 who。如：he who does not reach the great wall is not a true man. / those who break the law shall be punished.3. 在介詞的后面只能用關(guān)系代詞which來代指前面表示物的名詞，不可用that.如：1) .1 bought a lot of books yesterday, most of which( 不可用 th

38、at) are in english.2) .mr li is the person from whom (不可用 that) i got this news.三. as和which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的用法比較：1. 從含義上來說，as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時常常表示“正如的那樣、正像”。而 which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時則不含有這種比較的特征。如：1) taiwan is part of china, as is known to all.2) china is making rapid progress, as eveiybody can see.3) . mary didn't

39、 pass the driving test, which made her very sad2. 從位置方面的來說，as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句可放在先行詞(通常是一個句子) 的前而、后面，甚至可放在這個句子的屮間。因?yàn)?，?shí)際上來說，as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語 從句是一個插入語，用來對一個句子進(jìn)行附加說明。故它在句中的位置比較靈活。which引 導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句則只能放在先行詞的后面。女口：1) as is mentioned above, our school still calls for many skilled teachers.2) many people, as you know，

40、are learning foreign languages with days going on.3. 從搭配上來說，as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句有如下特點(diǎn)：1) 定語從句屮的謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如：see、hear know、 expectguess> hope remember等。而which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句中的謂語動詞則沒有 這一限制。which所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句中的謂語動詞可以是任何動詞。如：the weather turned out fine, as we had expected.本句中的 as 也可換用 whicho2) as引導(dǎo)的非限定性

41、定語從句并在從句屮作主語時，其謂語動詞通常是系動詞be。 否則，關(guān)系代詞就必須用whicho女口：(1) . she does well in every subject, as is known to us all.(2) . she came to school late, which made her teacher angry.四. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”也是歷年來各省市高考的一個熱點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。對于這個結(jié)構(gòu)中， 只能用which指物，用whom指人。五. 關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等在定語從句中只能用來作狀語。這些詞語在歷年 來的高考試題中也吋?？梢钥吹?。練一練1. the la

42、zy boy won the first prize in the competition,was more than we could expect.2. whenever i met her,was fairly often, i liked her sweet and hopeful smile 3 she is such a good teacher we all love and respect.4. the hours the children spent in their one-way relationship with television peopleundoubtedly

43、 affect their relationships with real life people5. more and more people are learning english, the importance of has drawn muchattention of the public6.1 met a group of foreigners yesterday, three ofwere from germany.7. do you know the gentleman withour president is shaking hands?8. his grandfather

44、wrote a lot of instructive stories for children, ofthis is one example9. though it is reasonable for the director to educate his staff, i don't like the way inhespoke to us.10. our guests haven't turned up yet because the train onthey are traveling is late.11. the foreign guests will be show

45、n around schools, factories, hospitals and some other plaecs,other visitors seldom go.12 there was a time in my lifei hated to go to school because i didnl get on well withmy classmates.13. the picture often reminds me the happy hours time and againi was playing happilywith my friends during the hol

46、idays14. could you tell me the reasonyou were late for your work yesterday?15 three divers were to dive to the placelay the sunken ship so as to get some informationabout the shipkeys: 1. which 2. which 3. that 4. which/that 5. which 6. whom 7. whom& which 9. which 10. which11. where 12. when 13

47、. when 14. why 15. where狀語從句及并列句講與練想一想在下列句子的空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1 don't worry. fll inform youyour daughter comes back to school.2. 一 why hasn't mr li come to work today?he has gone to beijing to have a meeting.3.1 think you bag is stillyou left it. fm sure you will find it there.4. nothing is so diffi

48、cult in this worldyou put your mind into it.5.1 won't have a trip to mount huangmy best friend amy is invited, too.6.1 won't believe that little bob can run 100 meters in 15 secondsi see it with my own eyes.7. the mountain was so steepfew people in our city reached the top.8. hearing this, m

49、ary was so sad that she ran out into the raini could explain9. you should put back the bookit was. dony place it at random10. -how long did the meeting last yesterday afternoon?it was almost supper timethe meeting was over.11. he stayed up late into the night,he felt rather sleepy this morning.12 ev

50、erybody felt very tired,nobody said anything about it.13 she was about to leave the housethe telephone rang.14. you should set out right now,you worf t be able to arrive there in time.15. prices keep going up these daysour salary remains unchangedkeys: 1. when/ if2. because3. where4. if 5. unless6.

51、unless/before7. that 8. before 9. where 10. when 11. so 12. but 13. when14. or 15. while講一講狀語從句在歷年來的高考試題中也是一個測試的熱點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。對于這一語法項(xiàng)目，同學(xué) 們應(yīng)重點(diǎn)把握如下內(nèi)容：一. 狀語從句的分類及引導(dǎo)各類狀語從句的從屬連詞：1時間狀語從句：表示時間的狀語從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或 the moment ), by the time, no soo

52、ner . than, hardly (scarcely) . when, every time 等弓i 導(dǎo)。如：when i came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. / he started as soon as he received the news.2. 原因狀語從句：原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞 是 because, since, as , now that (既然)等。如i： he is disappointed because he didn't get the po

53、sition./ as it is raining, i will not go out.3. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句：引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where和wherever等。如：sit wherever you like./ make a mark where you have a question4. 目的狀語從句：引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞(組)是so, so that (從句謂語常有情 態(tài)動詞)，in order that, in case (以防,以免)等。女口： speak clearly, so that they may understand you. / she has bought

54、the book in order that she can follow the tv lessons.5. 結(jié)果狀語從句：結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié) 果。rtl so that (從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動詞),so . that, such . that等引導(dǎo)。如：she was ill, so that she didn't attend the meeting./ he was so excited that he could not say a word.6. 條件狀語從句：條件狀語從句分真實(shí)性(有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)與非真實(shí)性(條件與 事實(shí)相反或者

55、在說話者看來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞(組)主 要有 if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )o 注意：條件從句中 的 if 不能用 whether 替換。如:if he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. / you may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.7. 讓步狀語從句：讓步狀語從句可由 although, though, as,

56、 even if (though), however, whatever, whether . or, no matter who (when, what,)等引導(dǎo)。注意：as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從 句一般是倒裝的。如：though he is a child, he knows a lot. / child as he is, he knows a lot.8. 方式狀語從句：方式狀語從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導(dǎo)。如： you must do the exercise as i show you. / he acted as if

57、 nothing had happened9. 比較狀語從句：比較狀語從句常用than, so (as). as, the more .the more等引導(dǎo)。如： i have made a lot more mistakes than you have. /he smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.二. 使用狀語從句時要注意的幾個問題：1. 在時間和條件(有時也在方式、讓步等)從句中，主句是一般將來時，從句通常用 一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成時。如：1) weti go outing if it doesn't rain tomoitow2) you will get paid as soon as you have done your work.2. 有些時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致(或雖 不一致，是it),從句的謂語又包含動詞be ,就可省略從句屮的“主語+ be”部分。如：1) when (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.2) if (you are) asked you may come in.3) if (it is) necessary fll explain to