1、英語專業(yè)四級考試歷年各語法考點的分布表（1991-2010）考點1009080706050403020100999897969594939291非謂語動詞不定式11111分詞11111112222動名詞121111獨立主格2111并列句和復(fù)合句狀語從句11321122211221211定語從句11321123121名詞性從句1111121虛擬語氣12143551212222213132比較級結(jié)構(gòu)12411113211112情態(tài)動詞121111111112111倒裝21111強調(diào)和省略21副詞和形容詞 41222111冠詞1111固定搭配11112312111111反意疑問句11111111強調(diào)

2、句代詞1111111主謂一致111111句子成分3111時態(tài)131211211專四英語語法考點串講之一 ：虛擬語氣考點1. if從句中的虛擬語氣 省略if，從句的語序用到裝，即將were, had或 should移至主語的前面，但否定詞not不前移。1、與過去事實相反：從句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；1. had judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now.2008 a. would be getting b.

3、could have got c. must get d. would get2. he would have finished his college education, but he _to quit and find a job to support his family.2007 a. had had b. has c. had d. would have3._, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995 a.    hadn't he been taken good care o

4、f b.    had he not been taken good care of c.    had not he been taken good care of d.    had he been not taken good care of4. i _the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996 a. would enjoy b. will ha

5、ve enjoyed c. would have enjoyed d. will be enjoying5. all of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000 a. werent b. hasnt been c. hadnt been d. wouldnt6. _for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002 a. had it not b

6、een b. hadnt it been c. was it not d. were it not 7. _enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998 a. giving b. to give c. given d. being given 8. i was to have made a speech if_.1997 a. i was not called away b. nobody would have called me away c. i

7、 had not been called away d. nobody called me away9. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. 1996 a. having b. given c. giving d. had 10. we could _him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995 a. provide b. have provided c. not provide d. not hav

8、e provided11. _you were busy, i wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. 1994 a. if i realized b. had i realized c. i realized that d. as i realized 12. _ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992 a. hadn't been forb. had it not been for c. it hadn't been for d. had not it been for13.

9、 if you _ in such a hurry yousugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992 a. were not, would not put b. were, would put c. had been, would have put d. had not been, would not have put14. "did you hear of his death?' "yes. if he _ in time, he_.”1990 a. had been operated on, might not die b

10、. had been operated on, might not have died c. were operated on, might not die d. were operated on,- might not have died2、與現(xiàn)在事實相反：從句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. if there were no subjunctive mood, english _ much easier to learn.2009 a. could have been b. would be c. will be d.

11、would have been2. “you _ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” i told my friend. 2007 a. could b. should c. must d. can3. if you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than i can.2005 a. would be b. will have been c. was d. were4. if i knew japanese

12、 , i _ for the position.1991 a. would apply b. will apply c. may have applied d. will have applied3、與將來事實相反：從句sb did (should+ do或were+ to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。1. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.2005 a. if, had b. have, had c. should, hav

13、e d. in case, had2. this is an illness that can result in total blindness _left untreated.2000 a. after b. if c. since d. unless 3. if your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (1998) a. shall need b. should need c. would need d. will need 4、錯綜條件句，也就是主句與從句

14、的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間段。根據(jù)歷年真題能看出，一般以考察從句對過去虛擬，而主句對現(xiàn)在虛擬為主，即從句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. if only the patient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.2007 a. had received b. received c. should receive d. were receiving2._ if i had arrived yest

15、erday without letting you know beforehand?2004 a. would you be surprised b. were you surprised c. had you been surprised d. would you have been surprised 考點2：表示建議、要求、命令等動詞如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引導(dǎo)的從句及it引導(dǎo)的相應(yīng)的分詞、名詞和形容詞從句，謂語用（should)+動詞原形。1. it

16、was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight.(2004/1994) a. not b. need not c. could not d. would not 2. he left orders that nothing _touched until the police arrived here.1997 a. should be b. ought to be c. must be d. would be 3. she asked that she _ allowed to see her son in poli

17、ce custody. 1993 a.would be b.could be c.be d.was 4. the teacher demanded _ his essay immediately.1991 a. tom to hand inb. that tom hands in c. that tom handed ind. that tom hand in 考點3：it is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等從句，謂語用（should）+動詞原形。1. it is necessary that he _ th

18、e assignment without delay.2010 a. hand in b. hands in c. must hand in d. has to hand in2. it is absolutely essential that william _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2007 a. will continue b. continued c. continue d. continues3. it is imperative that the government _ more investment i

19、nto the shipbuilding industry.2006 a. attracts b. shall attract c. attract d. has to 4.it is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.2004 a. hand in b. would hand in c. have to hand in d. handed in5. the opening ceremony is a great occasion. it is essential _for that.2003 a. for us to b

20、e prepared b. that we are prepared c. of us to be prepared d. our being prepared 考點4：it is (high/about) time that的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句使用一般過去式。例如:1. its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.2006 a stopped b had to stop c shall stop d stop 2. that was not the first time he _ us. i think its high time we _ st

21、rong actions against him2005. a. betrayedtake b. had betrayedtook c. has betrayedtook d. has betrayedtake3. “what courses are you going to do next semester?” “i dont know. but its about time _on something.” 2002 a. id decide b. i decided c. i decide d. im deciding4. if you have really been studying

22、english for so long, its about time you _able to write letters in english.1999 a. should be b. were c. must be d. are考點5：much as"盡管，雖然"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中用would have done表示假設(shè)。1. much as _, i couldnt lend him the money because i simply didnt have that much spare cash.1999 a.i would have liked to b

23、.i would like to have c.i should have to like d.i should have liked to考點6：if only, wish, as if/as though引導(dǎo)從句，與過去事實相反：had + done；與現(xiàn)在事實相反：動詞過去式；與將來事實相反：could/would + do。1. if only i _play the guitar as well as you! 2006 a would b could c should d might考點7：would rather/sooner從句中使用一般過去式或過去完成式分別表示對現(xiàn)在或過去的

24、虛擬。1. the manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office now. a. had not worked b. not to work c. does not work d. did not work 考點8：on condition that.“只有”“條件是”/lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形動詞。1. he asked me to lend him some money, which i agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the followi

25、ng week.2005 a. on occasion b. on purpose c. on condition d. only if考點9：but for1. _ your timely advice, i would never have known how to go about the work.1994 a. unless b. but for c. except for d. not for考點10：其它 1. we consider _ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 2009 a. strange

26、why b. it strange what c. it strange that d. that strange2. _, ill marry him all the same.2004 a. was he rich or poor b. whether rich or poorc. were he rich or poor d. be he rich or poor3. whether my brother right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support.2001 a. is b. were c. be d. would be 4. h

27、ome is home, _ ever so homely.1992 a. it is b. it were c. be it d. it be專四英語語法考點串講之二 ：情態(tài)動詞*情態(tài)動詞: will（愿意）, shall（將）, must（必須）, can, may, would, should (應(yīng)該), might, could, ought to, used to（過去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）考試中，情態(tài)動詞部分重點測試以下內(nèi)容：（1）情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞完成式（表示推測） （2）某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法考點1. 情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞結(jié)

28、構(gòu)表示推測(1) must have v-ed表示推測過去某事“一定”發(fā)生了。否定形式為：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示過去不可能發(fā)生某事。1. nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. she _ by bus.2010 a. must have gone b. should have gone c. ought to have gone d. could have gone2. she _ fifty or so when i first met her at the conference.20

29、09/2007 a. must be b. had been c. could be d. must have been3. which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?2008 a. you must leave immediately. b. you must be feeling rather tired. c. you must be here by eight o'clock. d. you must complete the reading assignment on time.4.

30、he _ the 8:20 bus because he didnt leave home till 8:25. (1994) a. couldnt have caught b. ought to have caught c. shouldnt have caught d. must not have caught5. “she must be in the dormitory now.” -“no, she _ be there. i saw her in the classroom a minute ago.”(1994) a. mustnt b. cant c. couldnt d. w

31、ouldnt6. “the door was open.” -“it _ open. i had locked in myself and the key was in my pocket.”(1992) a. cant be b. mustnt be c. cant have been d. mustnt have been(2) could have v-ed 表示推測過去某動作“很可能”發(fā)生了。(3) may / might have v-ed 表示推測過去某事“也許”發(fā)生了.1. he _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do somet

32、hing helpful. (1999) a. may have acted b. must have acted c. should act d. would act (4) ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldnt have v-ed 用于對已發(fā)生的情況表示“責備”、“不滿”，分別表示“本應(yīng)該”和“本不應(yīng)該”表示應(yīng)完成而未完成的動作用于完成時中的否定句，表示不應(yīng)完成但已做的動作1. aren't you tired? i _ you had done enough for today.2009 a. should h

33、ave thought b. must have thought c. might have thought d. could have thought(5) neednt have v-ed 表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要， 意為“本沒必要”。注意：did not need to do 動作并沒發(fā)生。例：i didnt need to get up early, so i got up until 9 a.m.1. you _ jim anything about it. it was none of his business. (2000/1998) a. neednt have tol

34、d b. neednt tell c. mustnt have told d. mustnt tell2. as it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. (1996) a. need not have dressed up b. must not have dressed up c. did not need to dress up d. must not dress up 3. the meetings been cancelled. ann _ all that work. (1995) a. need to d

35、o b. need have c. neednt have done d. needed not to do 考點2. 特殊用法(1) can't“不可能”（表推測）, may not “可能不”（表推測）, mustnt (must not) “不要; 禁止”; used notusednt to或didnt use to 過去不(2) should 表示驚訝1. i am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.2006 a. that you should think b. by what you are thinking

36、c. that you would think d. with what you were thinking (3) 用于過去式中，can常表示能過做某事，但事實不一定去做；be able to則表示能做某事并且已經(jīng)做了。1. i went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when i _ the journey in exactly two days.2005 a. must take b. must have made c. was able to make d. could make(4) cant but + v.,表示不得不

37、，與have to同義。cant help +ving, cant help but +v.表示忍不住。(5) may/ might as well + 動詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”，相當于had better(6) may well + 動詞原形”是一種常見的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“（完全）能，很可能” : he may well be proud of his son. 他大可為兒子高興。(7) may as well as還是好了e.g. you may as well as give him the letter. (8) maybut.表轉(zhuǎn)折(9) cannot too / enoug

38、h 表示 “無論怎么也不算過分”、“越越好”(10) had better do dth1. that man has a bad reputation. you _ anything to do with him.1991 a. had better not have b. have better have c. have better not haved. had better not to have(11) 其它1. i _ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mothers illness interfered. i hope you will

39、 excuse me.1993 a.am to have finished b.was to have finished c.was to finish d.ought to finish2. they _ a tip if the service is poor. (1990) a. dont have to leave b. must no leave c. can not leave d. do not leave專四語法考點串講之三 ：非謂語動詞考點1：不定式 專四題中對于不定式用法的考察比較少，特別是近些年的考題幾乎已經(jīng)不考了。以前的考點基本集中在：(1) 考察哪些動詞接不定式；(2

40、) 考察哪些短語接不帶to的不定式； 1) cant help/choose but do 不得不,只能,不禁 2) why not do sth 1. _him tomorrow?2001 a. why not to call on b. why dont call on c. why not calling on d. why not call on 3) would do rather than do1.she said she would work it out herself, _ ask me for help.1993 a. and not to b. but not c. an

41、d prefer not d. rather than(3) 考察短語"be believed/said to do sth"的用法；1. the minister of finance is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.2004 a. that he is thinking b. to be thinking c. that he is to think d. to think2. aids is said _the number-one killer of both men and wo

42、men over the past few years in the region.2002 a. being b. to be c. to have been d. having been 3. professor johnson is said _some significant advance in his research in the past year. 1999 a. having made b. making c. to have made d. to make(4)考察動詞不定時的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：進行式to be doing, 完成式to have done;一般式被動語態(tài)to

43、be done; 完成式被動語態(tài)to have been done。另外，不定式短語有將來時的意思； 考點2：動名詞（1）常接動名詞做賓語的詞：mind(介意), miss(逃過), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒險), resist(抵制), consider(考慮), admit(承認), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜歡), escape(逃脫), ensure(確保) , delay(延遲), deny(否認), resent, d

44、etest, imagine(想象), suggest(建議) 1. in international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid_. 1996 a. from being beaten b. being beaten c. beating d. to be beaten 2. he resented _to wait. he expected the minister _ him at once.1995 a. to be asked, to see b. bei

45、ng asked, to see c. to be asked, seeing d. being asked, seeing3.i never regretted _ offer, for it was not where my interest lay.1993 a. not to accept b. not having accepted c. having not accepted d. not accepting （2）介詞后的ing：revent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止做；spend/waste time /money in doing 在做方

46、面花錢、浪費時間或金錢；how /what about doing sth 做怎么樣了？；have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在方面有些困難；there is no sense in doing (做是沒有理由的)；thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感謝、羨慕、表揚、責備、懲罰某人1. what a nice day! how about the three of us _ a walk in the park nearby?2009 a. to take b

47、. take c. taking d. to be taking2. though her father never approved of _ to drama school, she became a well-known actress.1991 a. goingb. her to go c. her going d. her go（3）接動名詞做介詞to 的賓語：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to習慣于；confess to供認；come to談到；devote oneself to獻身于；get down to著手做；give way to 對讓

48、步；lead to導(dǎo)致；look forward to期待；next to幾乎；object to反對；pay attention to注意；stick to堅持；stand up to勇敢面對；turn to求助于；be used to習慣于1. whats the chance of _ a general election this year?2005 a. there being b. there to be c. there be d. there going to be2. the meeting was put off because we _ a meeting without

49、 john.2005 a. objected having b. were objected to having c. objected to have d. objected to having考點3：分詞（1）從語態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞一般都表示主動，而過去分詞一般表示被動；（2）從時態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示進行，過去分詞表示過去。如果分詞動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞動作之前，分詞用完成時。（3）現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是not放在分詞之前。1. _ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010/2001 a. to be not

50、tall b. not being tall c. being not tall d. not to be tall2. "the man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings except . 2009 a. the man who has prepared the documents. b. the man who has been preparing the documents. c. the man who is prepar

51、ing the documents. d. the man who will prepare the documents.3. _ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2007/2000 a. looking b. looked c. being looked d. to look4. if not _ with the respect he feels due to him, jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004 a. being treated b. treated c. be treated d. having been treated5. _, he can now only watch it on tv at home. 1998 a. obtaining not a ticket for the match b. not obtaining a ticket for the match c. not having obtained a ticket for the match d. not obtained a ticket for the match 6. this may