高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省邵陽市2025-2026學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期9月拔尖創(chuàng)新班聯(lián)考英語試卷第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AParisMuseumGuide:Must-VisitCulturalTreasuresPlanningatriptoParis?Don’tmisstheseworld-classmuseumsshowcasingart,history,andinnovation.LouvreMuseumLocation:RuedeRivoli,1stArrondissementHighlights:Houses400,000+artworks,includingDaVinci’s“MonaLisa”andtheGreekstatue“VenusdeMilo”.TheglasspyramidentrancedesignedbyI.M.Peiisiconic.Hours:Wed-Mon9:00AM-6:00PM(closedTue)Ticket:€17(onlinebookingrequired)Muséed’Orsay(OrsayMuseum)Location:LeftBankoftheSeineHighlights:Housedinaformerrailwaystation.World’slargestcollectionofImpressionistmasterpiecesbyMonet,VanGogh,andRenoir.Thegiantclockonthetopflooroffersstunningcityviews.Hours:Tue-Sun9:30AM-6:00PM(Thuuntil9:45PM)Ticket:€16Citédel’Architecture(MuseumofArchitecture)Location:PalaisdeChaillot,16thArrondissement(facingEiffelTower)Highlights:Features350+scaledmodelsofFrenchmonuments(e.g.,Gothiccathedrals)andfull-sizereplicasofmedievalfrescos.Hours:Wed-Mon11:00AM-7:00PM(closedTue)Ticket:€9MuséedesArtsetMétiers(MuseumofArtsandCrafts)Location:60RueRéaumur,3rdArrondissementHighlights:Displays80,000+scientificinventions,includingPascal’sfirstcalculatorandFoucault’sPenduluminamedievalchapel.Hours:Tue-Sun10:00AM-6:00PM(Thuuntil9:30PM)Ticket:€8MuséeGrévin(WaxMuseum)Location:10BoulevardMontmartreHighlights:Over200lifelikewaxfiguresofcelebritieslikeEinsteinandPicasso.The“HallofMirrors”lightshowisacrowdfavorite.Hours:Daily10:00AM-6:00PMTicket:€26(childrenunder6andstudents50%off)Tip:TheParisMuseumPasscoversentrytoallaboveexceptMuséeGrévin.1.Whichmuseumishousedinaformertrainstation?A.LouvreMuseum B.Muséed’OrsayC.MuséedesArtsetMétiers D.Citédel’Architecture2.Howmuchdoesastudentwho’dliketoadmirethewaxfigureofEinsteinneedtopay?A.€17. B.€9. C.€25. D.€13.3.WhatdoMuséed’OrsayandMuséedesArtsetMétiershaveincommon?A.BothoffernightopeningsonThursday. B.BothdisplayImpressionistpaintings.C.BotharelocatedneartheEiffelTower. D.Bothrequireonlinebooking.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講的是幾個巴黎博物館的相關(guān)信息。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Muséed’Orsay(OrsayMuseum)部分“Housedinaformerrailwaystation.(坐落于一座舊火車站內(nèi))”可知，Muséed’Orsay由舊火車站改造。故選B。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MuséeGrévin(WaxMuseum)部分“Over200lifelikewaxfiguresofcelebritieslikeEinsteinandPicasso.(200多尊如愛因斯坦、畢加索等名人的逼真蠟像)”和“Ticket:€26(childrenunder6andstudents50%off)(票價：26歐元（6歲以下兒童和學(xué)生5折）)”可知，想要欣賞愛因斯坦蠟像的學(xué)生需要支付的錢是26*50%=13歐元，故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Muséed’Orsay(OrsayMuseum)部分的“Thuuntil9:45PM(周四營業(yè)至晚上9點45分)”與MuséedesArtsetMétiers(MuseumofArtsandCrafts)部分“Thuuntil9:30PM(周四營業(yè)至晚上9點30分)”可知，Muséed’Orsay和MuséedesArtsetMétiers的共同之處是兩者均在周四提供夜間開放服務(wù)。故選A。BMoyaCroketthasjustwrappeduphervolunteerservicewiththeUnitedNationsWorldFoodProgram(WFP)inBolivia,acountryinSouthAmerica.InMay2024,MoyafirstspottedaUNVolunteersrecruitment(招募)noticeandappliedwithouthesitation.“I’vealwaysbeenpassionateaboutvolunteeringandmakingadifference,”sheexplained—adriveevidentthroughoutheruniversityyears,whenshespentthreeyearsonapublicwelfarecommittee.Evenwithherrichexperience,landingtheUNrolewasn’teasy.MoyastudiedtheUN’smission,taughtherselfbasicSpanishandlearnedaboutBolivia’shistory,environmentandculture.Herhardworkpaidoff,andshewasfinallyaccepted.UponarrivinginLaPaz,Bolivia,theworld’shighestcapitalcity,Moyastruggledwithaltitudesickness(高原反應(yīng))andstomachissuesfromthelocalfood.Butsheadjustedfast.Whenheavyrainfalltriggered(引發(fā))landslides,asaWFPresourcemobilizationassistant,sherushedtothedisasterzonetohelpdistributereliefsupplies,ensuringfamiliesgotfoodandotheressentialaids.ShealsousedherphotojournalismskillsfromuniversitytofilminterviewsforWFP’ssocialmedia.Besidesthevolunteerwork,culturalexchangewasanimportantpartofMoya’sexperienceinBolivia.ShesharedCanadianfoodwithlocalsandfellowvolunteers.OnInternationalVolunteerDay2024,Moyaandherpeerstalkedabouttheresponsibilitiesandchallengesoftheirwork.“Despitedifferentnationalities,weareallunitedbyasharedbelief:thedesiretohelpandserveothers.”shenoted.ThroughherexperienceinBolivia,Moyarealizedthatvolunteeringneedsstrongbeliefandcommitment.“I’mgratefulfortheopportunitytoservethiswelcomingcountrysoyoung,andI’mproudofthework,”shesaid.Herjourneytothisless-developedcountryshowcasedhercourage,faithandindependence.4.WhatmotivatedMoyatoapplyfortheUNVolunteersProgram?A.HerdesiretotraveltoSouthAmerica.B.HerinterestinBolivianculture.C.Heruniversity’srequirementforgraduation.D.Herenthusiasmforvolunteeringandmakingapositiveimpact.5.Togetacceptedbytheprogram,Moyamadeallthefollowingpreparationsexcept______.A.LearningSpanish. B.Practicingphotojournalismskills.C.knowingaboutUN’smission. D.AcquiringsomeknowledgeofBolivia.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeMoya’sworkinBolivia?A.Simpleyetenjoyable. B.Dangerousandstressful.C.Challengingbutmeaningful. D.Demandingandwell-paid.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AnUnforgettableJourneytoBolivia. B.ServingwithCourageandfaith.C.ChallengesinVolunteeringWork. D.ACanadianGirl’sAdventure.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹MoyaCrokett在玻利維亞參與聯(lián)合國世界糧食計劃署志愿工作的經(jīng)歷、準(zhǔn)備過程及收獲?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I’vealwaysbeenpassionateaboutvolunteeringandmakingadifference,(我一直熱衷于志愿服務(wù)，希望能帶來積極的改變，)”可知，Moya申請聯(lián)合國志愿者項目的動機是她對志愿服務(wù)的熱情以及創(chuàng)造積極影響的愿望。故選D項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“MoyastudiedtheUN’smission,taughtherselfbasicSpanishandlearnedaboutBolivia’shistory,environmentandculture.(Moya研究了聯(lián)合國的使命，自學(xué)了基礎(chǔ)西班牙語，并了解了玻利維亞的歷史、環(huán)境和文化。)”可知，Moya為申請該項目所做的準(zhǔn)備包括學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語、了解聯(lián)合國的使命、掌握玻利維亞的相關(guān)知識。而B選項“練習(xí)新聞攝影技能”是她在大學(xué)期間就已經(jīng)具備的能力，并非為此次聯(lián)合國志愿者項目專門做的準(zhǔn)備，故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Moyastruggledwithaltitudesickness(高原反應(yīng))andstomachissuesfromthelocalfood.Butsheadjustedfast.Whenheavyrainfalltriggered(引發(fā))landslides,asaWFPresourcemobilizationassistant,sherushedtothedisasterzonetohelpdistributereliefsupplies,ensuringfamiliesgotfoodandotheressentialaids.ShealsousedherphotojournalismskillsfromuniversitytofilminterviewsforWFP’ssocialmedia.(Moya遭遇了高原反應(yīng)和因當(dāng)?shù)厥澄镆鸬哪c胃問題，但她很快就適應(yīng)了。當(dāng)暴雨引發(fā)山體滑坡時，作為世界糧食計劃署資源調(diào)動助理，她趕赴災(zāi)區(qū)協(xié)助分發(fā)救援物資，確保各個家庭都能獲得食物和其他必要的援助。她還運用大學(xué)所學(xué)的新聞攝影技能，為世界糧食計劃署的社交媒體拍攝訪談視頻。)”可知，Moya的工作面臨著高原反應(yīng)、災(zāi)區(qū)救援等挑戰(zhàn)；再結(jié)合第五段中的“Besidesthevolunteerwork,culturalexchangewasanimportantpartofMoya’sexperienceinBolivia.ShesharedCanadianfoodwithlocalsandfellowvolunteers.OnInternationalVolunteerDay2024,Moyaandherpeerstalkedabouttheresponsibilitiesandchallengesoftheirwork.“Despitedifferentnationalities,weareallunitedbyasharedbelief:thedesiretohelpandserveothers.”shenoted.(除了志愿工作，文化交流也是莫亞（Moya）在玻利維亞經(jīng)歷中重要的一部分。她會和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚约捌渌驹刚叻窒砑幽么竺朗场Ｔ?024年國際志愿者日當(dāng)天，莫亞和同行們探討了工作中的職責(zé)與挑戰(zhàn)。她表示：“盡管我們來自不同國家，但共同的信念將我們團結(jié)在一起，那就是幫助他人、服務(wù)他人的愿望。”)”以及最后一段中的“I’mgratefulfortheopportunitytoservethiswelcomingcountrysoyoung,andI’mproudofthework,(能在這么年輕的時候有機會為這個熱情好客的國家服務(wù)，我心懷感激，也為這份工作感到自豪，)”可推斷，Moya在玻利維亞的工作雖然具有挑戰(zhàn)性，但卻富有意義。故選C項?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。文章圍繞Moya在玻利維亞的聯(lián)合國志愿工作展開，第四段體現(xiàn)了她克服高原反應(yīng)、參與災(zāi)區(qū)救援的勇氣，第五、六段強調(diào)了她“幫助他人、服務(wù)他人”的信念，最后一段中的“Herjourneytothisless-developedcountryshowcasedhercourage,faithandindependence.(她前往這個欠發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)歷，展現(xiàn)了她的勇氣、信念和獨立性。)”更是點明了核心。B選項“懷揣勇氣與信念服務(wù)”既涵蓋了Moya的行動（服務(wù)），也體現(xiàn)了她的核心品質(zhì)（勇氣、信念），能夠概括全文主旨，適合作標(biāo)題，故選B項。CUglydogsandotherlessattractivepetsmaynotbetheprettiest,yettheystillpullatourheartstrings.What’sgoingon?EveryJuneinPetaluma,California,judgesexaminealineupoffunnyfaces,crookedteeth,bigeyesandmessywhiskers(胡須)todecidethewinneroftheWorld’sUgliestDogcontest.Thedogscompetingforthisquestionabletitleoftenmelttheheartsofanimalloverseverywhere.Funny-lookingpetsarealsocommoninviralinternetcontent.Sowhydowefindodd-lookinganimalssoappealing?Evolutionplaysarole.AccordingtoAustrianzoologistKonradLorenz,humanattractiontobaby-likefeatures,suchasbigeyes,largeheadsandsoftbodies,isanevolutionaryadaptationthathelpsensurethatadultscarefortheiroffspring,guaranteeingthesurvivaloftheirspecies.Thesefeatureswerecoined“babyschema”byLorenzin1943.Animalssuchasblobfish,pugs(哈巴狗),andbulldogsallsharethesebaby-likefeaturesthatcauseacaringresponsefromhumans.Theytriggeranaturalinstincttonurtureandprotect.Thereareotherreasonswelike“ugly-cute”animals.Some,liketheblobfishornakedmolerat,liveinextremeenvironments.Scientistsstudytheseanimalstounderstandiftheirbiologymightprovideinsightsthatcouldleadtotreatmentsforhumanhealthissueslikecancerandheartdisease.Butthereareconcernswiththistrend.Vetsurgepeoplenottochooseflat-faceddogsbecausetheyhaveserioushealthproblems.PugsandFrenchbulldogsarebredtohaveshortnosesandoftenexperiencetroublebreathing,skininfectionsandeyeissues.Manypugsmakesnoringandwheezingnoisesduetotheirblockedairways.Sowhilesillyfeaturessuchasbigeyesandwrinklyfacesmaymakeussmile,wemightwanttorethinkourloveof“ugly-cute”pets.8.Accordingtothetext,whateventtakesplaceeveryJuneinPetaluma,California?A.Aconferenceonanimalevolution. B.Acompetitionforthe“World’sUgliestDog.”C.Ahealthcheck-upeventforflat-faceddogs. D.Astudyonanimalinternetpetcontent.9.Whatdoweknowabout“babyschema”?A.Itreferstobabyanimals’behavior. B.Itensureshumanscareforpets.C.Itstimulateshuman’sdesiretoprotect. D.Ithelpsadultsrecognizetheirbabies.10.Whydoscientistsstudyanimalsliketheblobfishornakedmolerat?A.Toexplorepotentialhumanhealthtreatments. B.Toproveevolutioninfluence.C.Tocuretheirserioushealthproblems. D.Totrainthemforextremeenvironments.11.Whyvetswarnpeopleagainstchoosingflat-faceddogs?A.Theyrequirespecialcare. B.Theyarecostlytoadopt.C.Theyhaveseverephysicalrestrictions. D.Theyhaveshortlifespans.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說明文。主要探討人類喜愛“丑萌”寵物的原因，以及該趨勢背后隱藏的寵物健康隱患?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“EveryJuneinPetaluma,California,judgesexaminealineupoffunnyfaces,crookedteeth,bigeyesandmessywhiskers(胡須)todecidethewinneroftheWorld’sUgliestDogcontest.(每年六月，在加利福尼亞州的佩塔盧馬，評委們會審視一排有著滑稽面孔、歪牙、大眼睛和凌亂胡須的狗狗，以決出“世界最丑狗狗大賽”的冠軍。)”可知，每年六月在該地舉辦的活動是“世界最丑狗狗大賽”。故選B項。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“humanattractiontobaby-likefeatures,suchasbigeyes,largeheadsandsoftbodies,isanevolutionaryadaptationthathelpsensurethatadultscarefortheiroffspring,guaranteeingthesurvivaloftheirspecies.Thesefeatureswerecoined“babyschema”byLorenzin1943.(人類對大眼睛、大腦袋、柔軟身體等嬰兒般特征的喜愛，是一種進化適應(yīng)，有助于確保成年人照顧后代，保障物種的生存。這些特征在1943年被洛倫茲命名為“嬰兒圖式”。)”以及第五段中的“Animalssuchasblobfish,pugs(哈巴狗),andbulldogsallsharethesebaby-likefeaturesthatcauseacaringresponsefromhumans.Theytriggeranaturalinstincttonurtureandprotect.(水滴魚、哈巴狗、斗牛犬等動物都擁有這些嬰兒般的特征，能引發(fā)人類的關(guān)愛反應(yīng)，激發(fā)人們照顧和保護的本能。)”可知，“嬰兒圖式”會刺激人類產(chǎn)生保護欲。故選C項?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Some,liketheblobfishornakedmolerat,liveinextremeenvironments.Scientistsstudytheseanimalstounderstandiftheirbiologymightprovideinsightsthatcouldleadtotreatmentsforhumanhealthissueslikecancerandheartdisease.(有些動物，比如水滴魚或裸鼴鼠，生活在極端環(huán)境中?？茖W(xué)家研究這些動物，是為了探究它們的生理特性是否能為癌癥、心臟病等人類健康問題的治療提供思路。)”可知，科學(xué)家研究這類動物是為了探索潛在的人類健康治療方法。故選A項?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“Vetsurgepeoplenottochooseflat-faceddogsbecausetheyhaveserioushealthproblems.PugsandFrenchbulldogsarebredtohaveshortnosesandoftenexperiencetroublebreathing,skininfectionsandeyeissues.Manypugsmakesnoringandwheezingnoisesduetotheirblockedairways.(獸醫(yī)們呼吁人們不要選擇扁臉狗狗，因為它們存在嚴(yán)重的健康問題。哈巴狗和法國斗牛犬經(jīng)人工培育后鼻子短小，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)呼吸困難、皮膚感染和眼部問題。許多哈巴狗還會因氣道堵塞而發(fā)出打鼾和喘息聲。)”可知，扁臉狗狗有嚴(yán)重的身體機能限制，因此獸醫(yī)發(fā)出警告。故選C項。DLivinginahousemadeoffungi(真菌)maysoundlikesomethingfromasci-fimovie.ButanewstudyinCellReportsPhysicalScienceshowsthatwe’regettingclosertomakingitareality.Normally,peopleusecement(水泥)tobuildhouses.However,itcanharmtheenvironment.ChathamHouse,athinktank,reportedthatmorethan4.4billiontonsofcementproducedeveryyearareresponsibleforabout8percentofglobalcarbondioxide(CO2)emissions.Theresearchteamaddedspecialbacteriatofungalmycelium(菌絲體),whichconnectsfungalnetworksundergroundlikeroots.Thebacteriacreatecalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣),thesubstanceineggshells,makingthesoftmyceliumhardandstrong.Thisprocess,calledbiomineralization(生物礦化),usestiny,livingthingstogrowbuildingmaterials.Whileotherbiomineralizedbuildingmaterialstypicallylastonlyafewdaysorweeks,thisnewmaterialstaysstrongforatleastamonth.Thismightbebecause,whilethebacteriamadethemyceliumhard,thestructureitformsalsomakesthebacteriastronger.Whenbacterialivewithinamaterialforlonger,theycandocoolthingslikefixingthemselveswhendamagedandcleaninguppollution,saidtheUKInstitutionofMechanicalEngineers.“However,beforeusingthenewmaterialforhomesorotherbuildings,moretestingisneeded,”AvinashManjulafromNortheasternUniversityintheUStoldCNN.Hementionedthatsmallexperimentsdon’treflecttherealstrengthofthematerial.“Ithinkinthefuture,theycouldbeusefulforsingle-storybuildings,thesesmallerstructures—it’sverymuchfeasible.”hesaid.Anotherstudyshowsthatbiomineralizationhasalreadybeenwidelyappliedinmanyfields,includingrepairingancientbuildingsandmakingsoilstable.Whilelookingpromisinginlabs,itfacessignificantchallengesinreal-worldapplications.Releasingthesemicrobesintotheenvironmentcouldharmnatureorpeople,astherearetoxicbyproducts(有毒的副產(chǎn)品)thatneedcarefulmanagement.Differentplaceshavetheirownrules,makingittoughtousethesetechnologieseverywhere.Moreover,constructionbiotechnologyneedsexpertsfromdiversefields,suchasbiology,engineeringandmaterialsscience,toworktogetherbuttheyoftenoperateindependently.12.Whatistheproblemwithusingcementtobuildhousesaccordingtothepassage?A.It’snotstrongenough. B.ItconsumestoomuchenergyC.It’stooexpensive. D.It’sbadfortheenvironment.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feasible”inparagraph5mean?A.Achievable. B.Affordable. C.Impossible. D.Comfortable.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecurrentstageofthenewfungalbuildingmaterial?A.Itwillsoonreplacecementinlarge-scaleconstruction.B.Itisalreadywidelyusedinrepairingancientstructures.C.Itrequiresfurtherreal-worldtestingbeforepracticalapplication.D.Itproducesnotoxicbyproductsduringproduction.15.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Thechallengesofusingbiomineralizedmaterials.B.Thefutureofbiomineralizedmaterials.C.Thewideapplicationofbiomineralization.D.Theharmfuleffectsofconstructionbiotechnology.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了真菌建筑材料的研發(fā)、優(yōu)勢，以及其實際應(yīng)用前需解決的測試與挑戰(zhàn)。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Normally,peopleusecement(水泥)tobuildhouses.However,itcanharmtheenvironment.ChathamHouse,athinktank,reportedthatmorethan4.4billiontonsofcementproducedeveryyearareresponsibleforabout8percentofglobalcarbondioxide(CO?)emissions.(通常，人們用水泥建房。然而，水泥會危害環(huán)境。智庫查塔姆研究所報告稱，每年生產(chǎn)的44億多噸水泥約占全球二氧化碳排放量的8%)”可知，用水泥建房的問題在于它對環(huán)境有害。故選D項?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中的““However,beforeusingthenewmaterialforhomesorotherbuildings,moretestingisneeded,”AvinashManjulafromNortheasternUniversityintheUStoldCNN.Hementionedthatsmallexperimentsdon’treflecttherealstrengthofthematerial.“Ithinkinthefuture,theycouldbeusefulforsingle-storybuildings,thesesmallerstructures—it’sverymuchfeasible.”hesaid.(“然而，在將這種新材料用于家庭或其他建筑之前，還需要進行更多的測試，”美國東北大學(xué)的阿維納什·曼朱拉告訴CNN。他提到小實驗并不能反映材料的真實強度。他說：“我認(rèn)為，在未來，它們可以用于單層建筑，這些較小的結(jié)構(gòu)，這是非常feasible。”)”可知，前文提到材料需更多測試，但專家認(rèn)為其用于小型建筑是有可能實現(xiàn)的。由此可知，劃線詞feasible意為“可實現(xiàn)的”。故選A項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的““However,beforeusingthenewmaterialforhomesorotherbuildings,moretestingisneeded,”AvinashManjulafromNortheasternUniversityintheUStoldCNN.(“然而，在將這種新材料用于家庭或其他建筑之前，還需要進行更多的測試，”美國東北大學(xué)的阿維納什?曼朱拉告訴CNN)”以及第七段中的“Whilelookingpromisinginlabs,itfacessignificantchallengesinreal-worldapplications.(雖然在實驗室中前景良好，但它在實際應(yīng)用中面臨重大挑戰(zhàn))”可推知，這種新型真菌建筑材料在實際應(yīng)用前需要進一步的現(xiàn)實測試。故選C項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whilelookingpromisinginlabs,itfacessignificantchallengesinreal-worldapplications.Releasingthesemicrobesintotheenvironmentcouldharmnatureorpeople,astherearetoxicbyproducts(有毒的副產(chǎn)品)thatneedcarefulmanagement.(盡管這種材料在實驗室中前景良好，但在實際應(yīng)用中卻面臨著重大挑戰(zhàn)。將這些微生物釋放到環(huán)境中可能會危害自然環(huán)境或人類，因為其產(chǎn)生的有毒副產(chǎn)品需要謹(jǐn)慎處理)”及最后一段“Differentplaceshavetheirownrules,makingittoughtousethesetechnologieseverywhere.Moreover,constructionbiotechnologyneedsexpertsfromdiversefields,suchasbiology,engineeringandmaterialsscience,toworktogetherbuttheyoftenoperateindependently.(不同地區(qū)有各自的規(guī)定，這使得這些技術(shù)難以在所有地方推廣使用。此外，建筑生物技術(shù)需要來自生物學(xué)、工程學(xué)、材料科學(xué)等不同領(lǐng)域的專家合作，但這些專家往往各自開展工作)”可知，最后兩段主要討論了生物礦化材料應(yīng)用面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whatwouldtheworldbelikewithouttrees?It’shardtoimagine,sincetreesareanimportantpartofthelivingworld.Atree,whetheroldoryoung,playsanimportantroleinourworld.____16____.Theyalsoprovidehomesandfoodforanimals.Weusetreestomakepaper,furnitureandmusicalinstruments.Treesalsogiveuspeacefulplacestorelax.____17____.USecologistNaliniNadkarnisaysthattreeshelpusbecomemore“mindful”,sowenoticemoreandcaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.Thismaybewhymanycultureshavesacred(神圣的)forests.____18____.USpoetJoyceKilmerwroteinhispoemTree:“IthinkthatIshallneverseeapoemlovelyasatree.”DutchartistPietMondrianwasinterestedintheshapesoftreebranchesandpaintedmanytreestoshowtheirbeauty.Oldtreesarealsoimportantbecausetheyarepartofacommunity’ssharedmemory.____19____.Theyaresilentkeepersofourmostcherishedmoments:firstkisses,afather’spushonaswing,oragrandparent’sstoriessharedinitsshade.Ancienttreesalsocarryculture.____20____.MaYuanxin,whoworksataresearchinstitutefocusingongardenandancientarchitecturaldesign,toldGuangmingDailythatancienttreescanbeturnedfrom“silentwitnessesofhistory”into“narratorsofculture”.Forexample,Beijingishometomanyancientcypresstrees,andeachonehasitsownstory.A.Treesplayanimportantroleinecosystemsandhumanlife.B.Physically,treesproduceoxygen,whichhumansandanimalsneedtosurvive.C.Tobetterprotecttrees,Chinahasintroduceditsfirstnational-levelregulationtoprotectancientandnotabletrees.D.Writers,paintersandotherartistsoftengetideasfromtrees.E.Theyhavelivedforhundredsoreventhousandsofyearsandhaveseenmanychangesinhistory.F.Onadeeperlevel,treeshelpusfeelbetterandgiveusideas.G.Manypeoplerememberatreefromtheirchildhoodthatbringsbackwarmmemoriesoftheirhometown.【答案】16.B17.F18.D19.G20.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章圍繞樹木的重要性展開，從生態(tài)功能、對人類生活的實際用途，到在精神文化層面的價值，多維度闡述了樹木在自然與人類社會中的不可或缺性?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Atree,whetheroldoryoung,playsanimportantroleinourworld.(無論古樹還是幼樹，都在我們的世界中扮演著重要角色)”以及后文“Theyalsoprovidehomesandfoodforanimals.(它們還為動物提供棲息地和食物)”可知，此處需具體說明樹木的重要作用，且與后文“also”形成遞進關(guān)系。B選項“Physically,treesproduceoxygen,whichhumansandanimalsneedtosurvive.(從生理層面來說，樹木產(chǎn)生人類和動物生存所必需的氧氣)”符合語境。故選B項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)下文“USecologistNaliniNadkarnisaysthattreeshelpusbecomemore“mindful”,sowenoticemoreandcaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.(美國生態(tài)學(xué)家納利尼·納德卡尼表示，樹木有助于我們變得更“用心”，從而更關(guān)注、更關(guān)心周圍的世界)”可知，空處轉(zhuǎn)向樹木在精神、情感層面的作用，與前文“生理功能、實際用途”形成層次區(qū)分。F選項“Onadeeperlevel,treeshelpusfeelbetterandgiveusideas.(在更深層次上，樹木有助于我們心情愉悅并給予我們啟發(fā))”符合語境。故選F項?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“USpoetJoyceKilmerwroteinhispoemTree:“IthinkthatIshallneverseeapoemlovelyasatree.”DutchartistPietMondrianwasinterestedintheshapesoftreebranchesandpaintedmanytreestoshowtheirbeauty.(美國詩人喬伊斯?基爾默在其詩作《樹》中寫道：“我想，我永遠(yuǎn)見不到一首詩，能美得像一棵樹。”荷蘭藝術(shù)家皮特?蒙德里安則對樹枝的形態(tài)頗感興趣，他創(chuàng)作了多幅以樹為主題的畫作，以此展現(xiàn)樹木的美感。)”可知，此處需總述“樹木啟發(fā)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作”這一主題，后文通過詩人、畫家的例子具體支撐。D選項“Writers,paintersandotherartistsoftengetideasfromtrees.(作家、畫家和其他藝術(shù)家經(jīng)常從樹木中獲取靈感)”符合語境。故選D項?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Oldtreesarealsoimportantbecausetheyarepartofacommunity’ssharedmemory.(古樹也很重要，因為它們是社區(qū)共同記憶的一部分)”以及后文“Theyaresilentkeepersofourmostcherishedmoments:firstkisses...(它們是我們最珍貴時刻的無聲守護者：初吻……)”可知，此處需具體說明古樹如何承載“個人記憶”，進而體現(xiàn)“社區(qū)共同記憶”。G選項“Manypeoplerememberatreefromtheirchildhoodthatbringsbackwarmmemoriesoftheirhometown.(許多人記得童年時的一棵樹，它能喚起對家鄉(xiāng)的溫暖回憶)”符合語境。故選G項?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Ancienttreesalsocarryculture.(古樹還承載著文化)”以及后文“MaYuanxin,whoworksataresearchinstitutefocusingongardenandancientarchitecturaldesign,toldGuangmingDailythatancienttreescanbeturnedfrom“silentwitnessesofhistory”into“narratorsofculture”.(馬元新就職于一家專注于園林與古建筑設(shè)計的研究機構(gòu)，他在接受《光明日報》采訪時表示，古樹可以從“歷史的無聲見證者”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤拔幕闹v述者”。)”可知，此處需說明古樹與“歷史”的關(guān)聯(lián)，以支撐“承載文化”的觀點。E選項“Theyhavelivedforhundredsoreventhousandsofyearsandhaveseenmanychangesinhistory.(它們已經(jīng)存活了數(shù)百年甚至數(shù)千年，見證了歷史上的許多變遷)”符合語境。故選E項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Yearsago,wegiftedmydadaLego(樂高)TajMahalset,hopingtocombinehisloveforarchitecturewithfamilytime.Eachevening,mydadandI____21____aroundthediningtable,workingtoassemblecountlesstinypiecesusingathick____22____booklet.Asthebuilding____23____,wefeltoureffortspayingoff—andwerestruckbythesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenLegoblocksand____24____.Werealizedtheinstructionbookletitselfwasaworkofart,beautiful,complexbutalsosurprisingly____25____andclear.It____26____uswiththecomfortofcertainty.Ifwefollowedtheinstructions,wewould____27____amodellookingexactlylikethepicture.Ifwemadea____28____,wehadtoretraceourstepsandstartagain.Life,____29____,rarelyofferssuchinstructions.Wereflectedonourrespectivelives—Dadonhiswell-livedlife,andI,inmymid-thirties,ontheuncertainpaththatlayahead.Here,wewerethe_____30_____doingtheassembling.Whilewefeltincontrol,ourchoicesareoftenshapedbyforces_____31_____ourcontrol.Facinguncertainty,wehaveto_____32_____,trustingbothintheprocessandtheendresult.ThenowcompletedLegomodel_____33_____methatlifeisbuiltslowly—withmistakes,_____34_____,noinstructionbook.Life’svalue_____35_____notinwhatwemateriallycreateorleavebehind,butinhowwelivedit.21.A.cycled B.stared C.gathered D.surrounded22.A.instruction B.knowledge C.information D.travel23.A.mountup B.tookshape C.brokedown D.tookplace24.A.family B.career C.life D.love25.A.creative B.inspiring C.remarkable D.detailed26.A.connected B.provided C.greeted D.marked27.A.endupwith B.comeupwith C.catchupwith D.breakupwith28.A.mistake B.wish C.decision D.difference29.A.besides B.moreover C.however D.instead30.A.writer B.artist C.poet D.architect31.A.within B.against C.beyond D.under32.A.stop B.proceed C.quit D.leave33.A.ensures B.informs C.tells D.reminds34.A.uncertainty B.possibility C.opportunity D.disability35.A.breathes B.lies C.believes D.takes【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.A29.C30.D31.C32.B33.D34.A35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者與父親一起拼裝樂高泰姬陵模型的經(jīng)歷。通過拼裝過程中對樂高說明書與現(xiàn)實生活的對比，作者領(lǐng)悟到人生如同沒有說明書的“拼裝”，雖充滿不確定性和失誤，但價值在于生活的過程而非物質(zhì)成果，展現(xiàn)了從日常小事中提煉人生哲理的思考。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每天晚上，我和爸爸都會聚在餐桌旁，照著一本厚厚的說明書，努力拼裝無數(shù)的小零件。A.cycled騎自行車；B.stared凝視；C.gathered聚集；D.surrounded包圍。根據(jù)空后的“aroundthediningtable”可知，父子二人“聚集，圍坐”在餐桌旁一起拼裝樂高。故選C項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.instruction說明；B.knowledge知識；C.information信息；D.travel旅行。根據(jù)上文“assemblecountlesstinypieces”和空后的“booklet”以及下文“Werealizedtheinstructionbookletitselfwasaworkofart”并結(jié)合生活常識可知，此處表示一本用來指導(dǎo)拼裝的，厚厚的“說明書”。故選A項。【23題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：隨著建筑逐漸成型，我們感到努力有了回報——同時也驚訝于樂高積木與生活之間的異同。A.mountup增加；B.tookshape成型；C.brokedown分解；D.tookplace發(fā)生。根據(jù)下文“wefeltoureffortspayingoff”可知，作者和父親的努力得到了回報，說明建筑“成型”了。故選B項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.family家庭；B.career職業(yè)；C.life生活；D.love愛。根據(jù)下文“Life,________,rarelyofferssuchinstructions.”可知，此處是將樂高積木和“生活”進行比較。故選C項。【25題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們意識到說明書本身就是一件藝術(shù)品，美麗、復(fù)雜，同時又令人驚訝地詳細(xì)和清晰。A.creative有創(chuàng)造力的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.remarkable非凡的；D.detailed詳細(xì)的。根據(jù)下文“It________uswiththecomfortofcertainty.Ifwefollowedtheinstructions,wewould________amodellookingexactlylikethepicture.”可知，說明書很“詳細(xì)”，如果按照說明書去做，就能得到一個和圖片一模一樣的模型。故選D項?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它給了我們確定的安心。A.connected連接；B.provided提供；C.greeted問候；D.marked標(biāo)記。根據(jù)下文“thecomfortofcertainty”和“Ifwefollowedtheinstructions,wewould________amodellookingexactlylikethepicture.”可知，如果按照說明書去做，就能得到一個和圖片一模一樣的模型，說明書為作者和父親“提供”了安心感。故選B項?！?7題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：如果我們按照說明書去做，我們最終會得到一個和圖片一模一樣的模型。A.endupwith以……告終，最終得到；B.comeupwith想出，提出；C.catchupwith趕上；D.breakupwith與……分手。根據(jù)下文“amodellookingexactlylikethepicture”可知，按照說明書去做，“最終會得到”一個和圖片一模一樣的模型。故選A項?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們犯了錯，就必須回溯步驟重新開始。A.mistake錯誤；B.wish希望；C.decision決定；D.difference不同。根據(jù)下文“wehadtoretraceourstepsandstartagain”可知，需要回溯步驟的原因是犯了“錯”。故選A項?！?9題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，生活卻很少提供這樣的“說明書。A.besides此外；B.moreover而且；C.however然而；D.instead相反。根據(jù)上文“Ifwefollowedtheinstructions,wewould________amodellookingexactlylikethepicture.”以及下文“rarelyofferssuchinstructions”可知，上文講樂高有明確說明書，下文講生活沒有，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however。故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這里（拼裝樂高時），我們就是拼裝自己“作品”的設(shè)計師。A.writer作家；B.artist藝術(shù)家；C.poet詩人；D.architect建筑師。根據(jù)上文父親“l(fā)oveforarchitecture”的背景和下文“doingtheassembling”可知，拼裝樂高如同設(shè)計建筑，architect既呼應(yīng)父親的愛好，也暗喻人生的“設(shè)計者”，符合語境。故選D項?！?1題詳析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我們覺得自己在掌控一切，但我們的選擇往往受到我們無法控制的力量所影響。A.within在……之內(nèi)；B.against反對；C.beyond超出；D.under在……下面。根據(jù)上文“Whilewefeltincontrol,ourchoicesareoftenshapedbyforces”可知，雖然作者和父親覺得自己在掌控一切，實際有“超出”控制范圍的力量影響選擇，beyondone’scontrol為固定短語，表示“無法控制，超出某人的控制”。故選C項。【32題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：面對不確定性，我們必須