2025年考研英語（二）閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句攻克模擬試題匯編考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試題匯編Passage1Theproliferationofdigitaltechnologyhasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofmoderncommunication,creatingunprecedentedopportunitiesforconnectionacrossdistances.However,thisveryinterconnectednessbringsforthasubtleyetsignificantshiftinhowweperceiveandinteractwithothers.Itisoftenobservedthatindividualsimmersedinconstantdigitalinteractionsmaydevelopaformofsocial"short-hand,"relyingheavilyonabbreviatedtextmessages,emojis,andonlineslangtoconveyemotionsandintentions.Whilethesetoolsfacilitaterapidcommunication,theycansometimesfailtocapturethenuancesandsubtletiesofface-to-faceconversation,potentiallyleadingtomisunderstandingsoraperceivedthinningofdeepinterpersonalbonds.Theveryefficiencythatdigitalcommunicationofferscan,paradoxically,detractfromthequalityofourconnections,asthespeedofexchangemayprioritizebrevityoverdepth,discouragingthethoughtfulexpressionandcarefullisteningthatareessentialformeaningfulrelationshipstoflourish.Passage2Intherealmofcognitivescience,theconceptof"attentionalelasticity"referstoanindividual'scapacitytostretchorcompresstheirfocusacrossdifferenttasksandenvironments.Thisphenomenonbecomesparticularlyevidentinthecontextofthemodernworkplace,wheretheaverageprofessionalisconstantlyjugglingmultipleresponsibilities,digitalnotifications,andshiftingpriorities.Studiesindicatethatthefrequentneedtoswitchtaskscaninduceacognitivecost,oftenmanifestingasdiminishedproductivity,increasederrorrates,andaheightenedstateofmentalfatigue.Thebrain,whileremarkablyadaptable,doesnotoperateoptimallyunderconditionsofconstantdisruption.Theverytoolsdesignedtoenhanceproductivity—suchasemail,instantmessaging,andcollaborativesoftware—caninadvertentlycontributetothisfragmentationofattention,creatingacycleofdistractionthatisdifficulttobreak.Consequently,individualsandorganizationsareincreasinglyseekingstrategiestoenhanceattentionalcontrol,recognizingthatsustainedfocusisacriticalcomponentofeffectiveperformanceandinnovation.Passage3Thedebatesurroundingtheimpactofsocialmediaonadolescentmentalhealthcontinuestogenerateconsiderablepublicandacademicdiscourse.Proponentsofmoderatesocialmediausearguethatplatformsprovidevaluablespacesforsocialization,communitybuilding,andtheexpressionofidentity,particularlyforyoungpeoplenavigatingthecomplexitiesofteenagelife.Thesedigitalenvironmentscanoffersupportnetworksandasenseofbelongingthatmaybedifficulttofindoffline.Conversely,criticspointtoarangeofpotentialnegativeconsequencesassociatedwithextensivesocialmediaengagement,includingissuesrelatedtobodyimage,socialcomparison,cyberbullying,andthefearofmissingout(FOMO).Someresearchsuggestscorrelationsbetweenhighlevelsofsocialmediauseandincreasedsymptomsofanxiety,depression,andlonelinessamongadolescents,althoughestablishingdirectcausationremainschallengingduetothecomplexinterplayofindividualvulnerabilitiesandenvironmentalfactors.Navigatingthislandscaperequiresanuancedunderstandingofboththebenefitsandrisksinherentinthesedigitalsocialspaces.Passage4Sustainableurbandevelopmentrepresentsamultifacetedchallenge,demandinginnovativeapproachesthatintegrateenvironmentalprotection,economicvitality,andsocialequity.Traditionalurbanplanningmodelsoftenprioritizedeconomicgrowthandinfrastructureexpansionattheexpenseofecologicalconsiderationsandcommunitywell-being.However,thegrowingawarenessofclimatechange,resourcedepletion,andurbancongestionhasspurredaparadigmshifttowardsmoresustainablepractices.Keycomponentsofmodernsustainableurbanismincludethepromotionofgreenbuildings,thedevelopmentofefficientpublictransportationsystems,theintegrationofrenewableenergysources,andthecreationofurbangreenspacesthatprovideecologicalbenefitsandenhancethequalityoflifeforresidents.Suchinitiativesnotonlymitigatethenegativeenvironmentalimpactsofurbanizationbutalsofosterresilienceagainstclimate-relatedrisksandcreatemoreinclusive,livablecitiesforfuturegenerations.Thesuccessfulimplementationofthesestrategiesrequirescollaborationamongpolicymakers,urbanplanners,architects,engineers,andlocalcommunities.Passage5Thefieldofartificialintelligence(AI)continuestoadvanceatanexponentialrate,drivingsignificanttransformationsacrossnumeroussectors,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.OneofthemostpromisingapplicationsofAIliesinitsabilitytoassistinthediagnosisandtreatmentplanningforvariousmedicalconditions.Advancedalgorithms,trainedonvastdatasetsofmedicalimagesandpatientrecords,cannowoftenidentifypatternsindicativeofdiseasessuchascancer,diabeticretinopathy,orcardiovascularconditionswithremarkableaccuracy,sometimessurpassinghumanexpertsinspecifictasks.Furthermore,AI-poweredsystemsarebeingdevelopedtoanalyzecomplexgenomicdata,pavingthewayforhighlypersonalizedmedicinetailoredtoanindividual'suniquegeneticmakeup.Whilethesedevelopmentsofferimmensepotentialtoimprovepatientoutcomesandreducehealthcarecosts,theyalsoraisecriticalethicalquestionsregardingdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,theroleofthehumanphysician,andtheequitableaccesstoAI-drivenhealthcareinnovations.TheintegrationofAIintoclinicalpracticenecessitatescarefulconsiderationoftheseissuestoensurethattechnologyservestoaugment,ratherthanreplace,humanjudgmentandcare.試卷答案Passage11.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistodiscusshowdigitalcommunicationaffectsface-to-faceinteractions.*解析思路：文章首句指出數(shù)字技術(shù)改變了溝通格局，接著重點(diǎn)分析了這種改變?nèi)绾斡绊懭伺c人之間的互動(dòng)（"subtleyetsignificantshiftinhowweperceiveandinteractwithothers"），隨后具體闡述了這種影響的表現(xiàn)（依賴文字、表情符號(hào)等）及其潛在后果（誤解、關(guān)系變淺）。全文圍繞數(shù)字溝通對(duì)面對(duì)面交流的影響展開，故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A（探討數(shù)字技術(shù)對(duì)商業(yè)的影響）片面，選項(xiàng)C（分析社交媒體對(duì)青少年社交的影響）僅在最后一句提及，并非主旨，選項(xiàng)D（質(zhì)疑數(shù)字技術(shù)提高效率的論點(diǎn)）是文章部分內(nèi)容，但不是核心目的。2.Accordingtothepassage,apotentialnegativeeffectofdigitalcommunicationefficiencyisthatitcanhinderdeeprelationships.*解析思路：文章第四句明確指出，“theveryefficiencythatdigitalcommunicationofferscan,paradoxically,detractfromthequalityofourconnections,asthespeedofexchangemayprioritizebrevityoverdepth,discouragingthethoughtfulexpressionandcarefullisteningthatareessentialformeaningfulrelationshipstoflourish.”這直接說明了數(shù)字溝通的高效性可能因?yàn)樽非蠛?jiǎn)潔而犧牲深度，從而阻礙深刻關(guān)系的建立。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)B（導(dǎo)致溝通障礙）是結(jié)果之一，但選項(xiàng)D更直接地指出了效率本身帶來的負(fù)面影響。3.Theauthor'stonetowardstheuseofemojisindigitalcommunicationisprimarilyoneofmildskepticism.*解析思路：文章第三句提到人們依賴表情符號(hào)等“socialshorthand”，第四句指出這種工具“cansometimesfailtocapturethenuancesandsubtletiesofface-to-faceconversation”。雖然不是強(qiáng)烈的批評(píng)，但“failtocapture”和“cansometimes”暗示了作者認(rèn)為表情符號(hào)在傳達(dá)復(fù)雜細(xì)微的情感方面存在局限，帶有一定的保留態(tài)度，即溫和的懷疑。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A（完全贊同）與第四句相悖，選項(xiàng)C（完全反對(duì)）過于絕對(duì)，選項(xiàng)D（客觀中立）未能體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)表情符號(hào)可能存在不足的隱含態(tài)度。Passage21.Theterm"attentionalelasticity"asusedinthepassagereferstotheflexibilityofanindividual'sfocus.*解析思路：文章第一句直接定義了“attentionalelasticity”為“anindividual'scapacitytostretchorcompresstheirfocusacrossdifferenttasksandenvironments”。這表明了個(gè)體注意力靈活調(diào)整的能力。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A（記憶力）和選項(xiàng)C（決策能力）未在定義中提及，選項(xiàng)B（多任務(wù)處理能力）是注意力彈性的一種表現(xiàn)，但不是其定義本身。2.Accordingtothepassage,digitalnotificationscancontributetomentalfatiguebydisruptingsustainedfocus.*解析思路：文章第三句指出，“Studiesindicatethatthefrequentneedtoswitchtaskscaninduceacognitivecost,oftenmanifestingasdiminishedproductivity,increasederrorrates,andaheightenedstateofmentalfatigue.”第四句進(jìn)一步說明，“Theverytoolsdesignedtoenhanceproductivity...caninadvertentlycontributetothisfragmentationofattention,creatingacycleofdistractionthatisdifficulttobreak.”這表明了頻繁切換任務(wù)（常由數(shù)字通知引發(fā)）導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知成本增加和精力疲勞，因?yàn)楣ぞ弑旧頍o意中破壞了注意力持續(xù)性。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)D（提高效率）與文章第三、四句的論述相反。3.Thepassagesuggeststhatorganizationsareseekingwaystoimproveemployeefocusasameanstoenhanceperformance.*解析思路：文章第四句明確提到，“Consequently,individualsandorganizationsareincreasinglyseekingstrategiestoenhanceattentionalcontrol,recognizingthatsustainedfocusisacriticalcomponentofeffectiveperformanceandinnovation.”這表明組織認(rèn)識(shí)到持續(xù)專注對(duì)績(jī)效和創(chuàng)新至關(guān)重要，因此正在尋找提升專注力的策略。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A（減少工作時(shí)間）和選項(xiàng)C（限制技術(shù)使用）文中未提及，選項(xiàng)B（降低工作要求）與“criticalcomponentofeffectiveperformance”相悖。Passage31.Theauthorimpliesthatwhilesocialmediacanprovidesupport,itmayalsoposeriskstoadolescentmentalhealth.*解析思路：文章首句即引出關(guān)于社交媒體對(duì)青少年心理健康影響的“持續(xù)辯論”，接著第二句從“proponents”角度提到其社交、歸屬等益處，第三句從“critics”角度列舉了諸多潛在負(fù)面影響（身體意象、社會(huì)比較、網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌、FOMO等），第四句引用研究指出高使用量與焦慮、抑郁等癥狀的“相關(guān)性”。文章通過對(duì)比正反兩方面的觀點(diǎn)和證據(jù)，暗示了社交媒體對(duì)青少年心理健康利弊共存、存在潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A（僅有益處）與第三、四句矛盾，選項(xiàng)C（僅有害處）與第二句矛盾，選項(xiàng)D（提供主要解決方案）文中未提及。2.Thepassagesuggeststhatresearchfindingsregardingsocialmediaandadolescentmentalhealtharecomplexandnotstraightforward.*解析思路：文章第四句使用“althoughestablishingdirectcausationremainschallengingduetothecomplexinterplayofindividualvulnerabilitiesandenvironmentalfactors”來限制研究結(jié)果的解釋。這句話明確指出，盡管有相關(guān)性發(fā)現(xiàn)，但要確定因果關(guān)系很復(fù)雜，因?yàn)樯婕皞€(gè)體易感性、環(huán)境因素等多重相互作用。這表明了研究結(jié)果的復(fù)雜性和非直接性。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)B（完全確定因果關(guān)系）與第四句的“challenging”和“complexinterplay”相悖，選項(xiàng)C（沒有科學(xué)研究支持）與第四句提及的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相悖，選項(xiàng)E（僅關(guān)注少數(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）忽視了第二句提到的益處。3.Theword"vulnerabilities"inthepassageisbestunderstoodasreferringtofactorsthatmakeadolescentssusceptibletonegativeeffects.*解析思路：文章第四句提到，“individualvulnerabilitiesandenvironmentalfactors”是與“complexinterplay”相關(guān)的因素，并且是導(dǎo)致難以確定因果關(guān)系的原因。結(jié)合上下文，討論的是青少年在社交媒體影響下可能出現(xiàn)的心理健康問題（如焦慮、抑郁），而青少年群體中存在一些使其更容易受到這些負(fù)面影響的特質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，這些特質(zhì)或狀態(tài)即為“vulnerabilities”（易感性、脆弱性）。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A（優(yōu)勢(shì)）與語境中討論的潛在負(fù)面影響相反，選項(xiàng)D（環(huán)境因素的全部）過于寬泛，選項(xiàng)F（研究方法）與詞義無關(guān)。Passage41.Sustainableurbandevelopment,asdescribedinthepassage,involvesbalancingenvironmental,economic,andsocialgoals.*解析思路：文章首句定義了可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展是“fundamentallyalteringthelandscape...integratingenvironmentalprotection,economicvitality,andsocialequity”，明確指出了其核心在于結(jié)合保護(hù)環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)活力和社會(huì)公平這三個(gè)維度。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A（僅關(guān)注環(huán)境保護(hù)）忽略了經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)維度，選項(xiàng)C（排斥傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃）與“paradigmshifttowardsmoresustainablepractices”不符，選項(xiàng)E（主要依靠技術(shù)手段）過于片面。2.Thedevelopmentofurbangreenspacesismentionedasacomponentofsustainableurbanismthatbenefitsboththeenvironmentandresidents.*解析思路：文章第五句明確列舉了可持續(xù)城市主義的組成部分，其中包括“thecreationofurbangreenspacesthatprovideecologicalbenefitsandenhancethequalityoflifeforresidents.”這直接說明了城市綠地建設(shè)是其中一項(xiàng)，并且其作用是dual-benefit：對(duì)環(huán)境有益（ecologicalbenefits）和對(duì)居民生活質(zhì)量有提升作用（enhancethequalityoflife）。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)B（主要為了美觀）忽略了生態(tài)和提升生活質(zhì)量的益處，選項(xiàng)D（僅適用于大城市）文中未提及地域限制，選項(xiàng)F（成本過高）文中未討論成本問題。3.Thepassageimpliesthatsuccessfulsustainableurbanplanningrequirescollaborationamongvariousstakeholders.*解析思路：文章最后一句指出，“Thesuccessfulimplementationofthesestrategiesrequirescollaborationamongpolicymakers,urbanplanners,architects,engineers,andlocalcommunities.”這明確提到了需要政策制定者、城市規(guī)劃師、建筑師、工程師和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)等多方合作才能成功實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展策略。故此選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A（僅政府主導(dǎo)）與“collaborationamongvariousstakeholders”不符，選項(xiàng)C（由專家單獨(dú)完成）忽略了其他群體的參與，選項(xiàng)E（強(qiáng)制推行）與“collaboration”和“enhancethequalityoflife”的語境不符。Passage51.ThepassageindicatesthatAIhasthepotentialtoimprovediagnosticaccuracyinhealthcare,sometimessurpassinghumanexperts.*解析思路：文章第二句明確提到，“Advancedalgorithms,trainedonvastdatasetsofmedicalimagesandpatientrecords,cannowoftenidentifypatternsindicativeofdiseases...withremark