2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期南模中學(xué)高二年級初態(tài)考

高二英語學(xué)科

(考試時間120分鐘，滿分140)

I.ListeningComprehension(25%)

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswers

onyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Bytheseaside.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.D.Athome.

2.A.Drivingtheprivatecarcostslittle.

B.Takingsubwayrequiresaspecialpass.

C.It'smoreconvenienttocarrycannedfishbyprivatecars.

D.It'suncomfortabletotakethesubway.

3.A.Aphonecompanyclerk.B.Amechanic.

C.Atravelagent.D.Amarriageconsultant.

4.A.Thewomanshouldgoouttowork.

B.Thewomanshouldtakechargeofthecleaningherself.

C.Maidsarenotverytrustworthythesedays.

D.Hecontributesalottothefamilyeconcmy.

5.A.Heisnotcleverenoughforthemathclub.

B.liedoesn'thaveenoughenthusiasmtoexploremath.

C.Helacksformerexperiencesinmathstudy.

D.Hewillbesoonerorlateradmittedintothemathclub.

6.A.2.B.3.C.5.D.7.

7.A.ThewomanwasmistakenaboutwhereshelostheriPad.

B.Thewoman'siPadmightbekeptwellinthelibrary.

C.There'saveryslightchanceoffindingbackheriPad.

D.HeriPadisforpublicusesoshemightaswellbuyanewone.

8.A.Asasciencefictionfan,shehasalreadyseenthefilm.

BShewillgotodealwithadentalproblemthen.

C.Shewillgoforabusinessappointmentthen.

D.Sheisnotveryhappytogotoseeafilmwiththeman.

9.A.Herpersonalfeelingquitecontrastswiththeresearchfinding.

B.Readingbooksisteenagers'favoriteactivity.

C.Ailtheresearchesareofferingmisleadinginformation.

D.Mobilephoneshavetakennoneofteenagers'leisuretime.

1().A.Previouscustomershaveboughtuptheovensonsale.

B.Manyothergoodsonsalearestillavailable.

CThemancanbuytheoventhroughotherchannels.

D.Theovenisnowsoldatregularprice.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageor

conversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,

butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswerson

yourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Totakeadvantageofcheapsugarcane.

B.Toreducecarbondioxideemission.

C.Toaddasellingpointforitscola.

D.Toattractmoreyoungcustomers.

12.A.Toexchangefoodrecipewiththesecompanies.

B.Tosharecustomerinformationwiththesecompanies.

C.Togelinvestmentsfromthesecompanies.

D.Torelievethesecompany'sdependenceonpetroleum.

13.A.Coca-Cola,snewwaystocutcosts.

B.Coca-Cola'stransfertorecyclableplantplastics.

C.Coca-Cola'ssucccssfiilpartnershipswithotherbusinessgiants.

D.Coca-Cola'seffortstopaymoreattentiontocustomers'needs.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Itprovidesjetburststostronglycleanthebody.

B.Itinstallsnoise-maskingeffectequipment.

C.Ithasaprivatedoctorstandbythetoilet.

D.Itcollectsone'sphysicaldatawhenthetoiletisused.

15.A.Thetoiletwillbemoreeconomicalonwater.

B.User'sdoctorcaninstantlygetthedata.

C.Adeviceinsidethebasinwillbeinstalled.

D.Treatmentsuggestionswillbedeliveredtothedoctor.

16.A.Becauseyoungpeoplearenotkeenoninnovations.

B.Becauseyoungpeoplearcsuspiciousofthetoilet'sfunction.

C.Becausetheretailpriceishighfortheyoung.

D.Becauseyoungpeopledon'tknowmuchabouttheproduct.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Becauseit'sanexperiencedcarrentalagency.

B.Becauseitprovidesbigdiscountontherent.

C.Becauseit'sconvenienttocollectthecarafterarrival.

D.Becauseitofferscommutecarsandcarsforlongtrip.

18.A.Unreliabletechnology.B.Shortbatterylife.

C.Potcnt：alradiationfromelectricity.D.Lackofchargingpoints.

19.A.€370.B.€400.C.€530.D.€560.

20.A.Carrentalservicefee.B.Insurancefee.

C.Gasfee.D.Trafficfine.

II.GrammarandVocabulary(209)

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingihepassagesbelow,filliniheblanksiomakeihepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthat

bestfitseachblank.

China'srobotaxisareracingahead

IfautonomouscarsarcsupposedtomakelifeeasythenApolloGo,therobotaxiunitofBaidu,stillhasworktodo.

ApolloGo.launchedinWuhanin2022,hasexpandedtotenotherChinesecitiesandhasbeenahit.Itsservice1(carry)

out6mridesnationwide.Itnowhasmore:han400driverlesscarsinWuhanandplanstohave1,000runningontheroadbythe

endofthisyear.ChinesecarmakersincludingHongqiandArcfbxmakethevehiclesforBaidu,whichprovidesthetechnology.

MostofitscarsinWuhanhave“l(fā)evelfburvautonomy,whichmeanstheydonotrequirehumaninterventioninmostsituations

ontheroadbutcangetmuddledinareassuchasparkinggarages-whichmightexplain2itaskscustomerstowalk

throughthecity'sswelteringheat.

ThereasonwhyApolloGohas,nevertheless,gainedsuchfavour3ridersisthatitisastonishinglycheap.Your

correspondent's11-minutespincostjust9.84yuan(SI.35).SuchfaresarepossiblethankstothegenerosityofBaidu,which

4(cover)around60%ofthecostofaride.Thatisnotsustainable.But,5thedecreasingcosts,thecompany

morningto“alignthepharmacyofthebodyandover-dopaminethemind”.

AlthoughMrKrohn'sroutinemaylackscientificproofplentyofresearchfinds16inearlyrising.Inastudy

conductedin2012byReneeBissandLynnHasher,thenbothattheUniversityofToronto,earlybirdsreportedfeelinghappier

andhealthier.Nightowls,theirnocturnalopposites,tendtohavelesssleep,whichcan17ontheirmoodandhealth

aswellastheirproductivity.AndrewConlinoftheUniversityofOulu,inFinland,andco-authorsfoundthatmenwhorose

latemade4%lessmoneythanthosewhowereupearly.

Earlybirdsarecertainlyheldinhigherregard.Rollingintotheofficelatecontinuestobe18uponinmost

workplaces.Astudypublishedin2022byJessicaDietchofOregonStateUniversityandherco-authorsfoundthatnightowls

wereperceivedbyrespondentsasbeing**lazy,\19and“immatjre”.Topileonthestereotypes,tlieyarefatter,too,

accordingtoresearchbyLapAhTseoftheChineseUniversityofHongKongandcolleagues.

Risingearlyisnot,though,allupside.Thosereadyandwaitingtoreceiveworkwhenthebossarrivesmaybegivenmore

ofit.Iftheearlybirdgetstheworm,thecleverwormstaysinbed.Urgenttasksoftenconicupduringtheday,meaningthat

thosewhocomeinearlymayendupworkingjustaslateastheirdawn-aversecolleagues.Themoreemailsyousendinthe

morning,themoreresponsesyouarc20togetback.

IH.ReadingComprehension（55,）

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,Cand

D.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

DeepfakeAreDeeplyTroubling

ArecentvideoontheinicrncihasCocoLee,whodiedIasiyear,talkingioherfansandsaying,“FromtheinotncntIleft

thisworld,Icanalwaysfeelyourendlessloveandsupport.^^Thevideolooked21.butitwasa“deepfhke”createdby

AI.

AIhas22tothepointwhereithasbecomedifficulttodistinguishwhatisrealfromwhatisn't.Thesetypesof

deepfakesarenowallovertheinternetwhereweseepeople,usuallycelebritiesandpoliticians,sayingthingswhichtheydidn't

reallysay.One^deepfake''hasTaylorSwift23abrandofcookware.Some“creative"personusedAItomanipulate

（操控）herimageand24tomakeitappearthatshewerespeakingfortheproduct.

Butthereisamore25trendindeepfakesthathasbecomemoreprevalentAswiththeCocoLee

deepfake,therearepeopleusingAIto“儂“/rec/（復(fù)活）“theirlosllovedonesand26them.Inonerecenthigh-profile

caseyou'reprobablyawareof,thefamousmusicianBaoXiaobousedAIto“resurrect“hisdaughter,whodiedattheageof

twenty-two.Withthetechnology,heisabletotalktoherandaskherquestions.Thoughheknewitwasfake,hedidn't

27becausehemissedherverymuch.

The28consequencesofno:"lettinggo”ofalovedonecanbeserious.Itmaycauseapersontoliveinafantasy

worldins:cadofacceptingthehealthyandnecessaryprocessofgrievingand29withhisorherlife.

30,thereisalegalaspecttoAIdeepfakeswhichhasyettobethoroughlyconsidered.Canadeadperson's

imagebemanipulatedtosaythingswhichtheydidn'tsayandwouldn'thavesaidiftheywere3j?Canaperson's

imagebecopyrightedtopreventthisfromhappening?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthat32willhaveto

consider,andcourtswillhavetodecide.

In1931,theBritishauthorAldousHuxleywroteanovelcalledBraveNewWorld,whichwasaboutafuture

33bytechnology.Inmanywayswearelivinginthis"BraveNewWorld''andare34our''humanity''

withallitsfaults,virtuesandlimitations.I'msorrythatCocoLeeisgone,andI'msorrythatTinoBao'sdaughterisgone,but

grievingisapartoflife,andgrief,astheysay,isthe35forlove.

21.A.interestingB.affectionateC.joyfulD.authentic

22.A.sweatedB.certifiedC.progressedD.reacted

23.A.craftingB.promotingC.samplingD.releasing

24.A.identityB.weightC.mindD.voice

25.A.disturbingB.outstandingC.strugglingD.entertaining

26.A.lockafterB.bringupC.interactwithD.benefitfrom

27.A.regretB.admitC.participateD.care

28.A.ethicalB.psychologicalC.imaginaryD.financial

29.A.puttingupB.comingdownC.movingonD.endingup

30.A.RelativelyB.ConsequentlyC.LikelyD.Additionally

31.A.consciousB.aliveC.presentD.mindful

32.A.scientistsB.creatorsC.applicantsD.lawmakers

33.A.threatenedB.innovatedC.inhabitedD.dominated

34.A.bombardingB.modifyingC.losingD.replacing

35.A.signalB.priceC.missionD.foundation

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Theysayacathasninelives,andIthinkthatpossiblesinceIamnowlivingmythirdlifeandI'mnotevenacat.My

fatherdiedwhenIwas15,andwehadahardstruggletomakealiving.Andmymother,whowasseriouslyillinherlastyears,

diedwhilestillinher60s.Mysistermarriedsoonafter,andIfollowedherexamplewithintheyear.

ThiswaswhenIbegantoenjoymyfirstlife.Iwasveryhappy,inexcellenthealth.IhadagoodjobinSanJoseanda

beautifulhomeupthepeninsulainSanCarlos.Lifewasapleasantdream.Thenthedreamended.Ibecameafflicted(使苦惱)

withaslowlyprogressivediseaseofthemotornerves,affectingfirstmyrightarmandleg,andthenmyotherside.Thusbegan

mysecondlife...

InspiteofmydiseaseIstilldrovetoandfromworkeachday,withtheaidofspecialequipmentinstalledinmycar.AndI

managedtokeepmyhealthandoptimism,toadegree,becauseof14steps.Crazy?Notatall.Ourhomewasanaffairwith14

stepsleadingupfromthegaragetothekitchendoor.Thosestepswereastandardmeasureoflife.Theyweremyyardstick,my

challengetocontinueliving.IfeltthatifthedayarrivedwhenIwasunabletoliftonefootuponestepandthendragtheother

painfullyafteri（-repeatingtheprocess14times,Iwouldbethrough-Icouldthenadmitdefeatandliedownanddie.

ThenonadarknightinAugust,1971,1beganmythirdlife.ItwasrainingwhenIstartedhome（hatnight;strongwinds

andslashingrainbeatdownonthecarasIdroveslowlydownoneoftheless-traveledroads.Suddenlythesteeringwheel

jerked（猝然一動）.InthesameinstantIheardthebangofablowout.Itwasimpossibleforme（ochangethattire!Utterly

impossible!

Istartedtheengineandthumped（砰然上也響）slowlyalonguntilIcametothedirtroad,whereIturnedinandwhereIfound

lightedwindowswelcomedmetoahouseandpulledintothedrivewayandblaredthehorn.

Thedooropenedandalittlegirlstoodthere.Whensheknewwhathappenedtome,shewentintothehouseandamoment

latercameout,followedbyamanwhocalledacheerfulgreeting.Isaltherecomfortableanddry,andfeltabitsorryforthe

manandthelittlegirlworkingsohardinthestorm.

Aboutanhourlater,theman'svoicewasheard,uThisisabadnightforcartrouble,butyou'reallsetnow.”“ThanksJI

said."HowmuchdoIoweyou?”Heshookhishead,"Nothing.Cynthiatokimeyouwereacripple（跛者）.Gladtobeofhelp.I

knowyou,ddothesameforme.There'snocharge,friend?,Iheldoutafive-dollarbill,4tNo!1liketopaymyway."Hemade

noeftbniotakeitandthelittlegirlsteppedclosertothewindowandsaidquietly,"Grandpacan'tseeit.

36.“Aca:hasninelives“heremeans.

A.acatcanliveninetimeslongerthananyotheranimal

B.acatcandieninth

C.aluckymancannotdieeasily

D.thewriterwillliveninetimes

37.Whatdoyouthinkofthemanwhohelpedchangethetire?

A.Wann-heartedbutpitiable

B.Warm-heartedandhappy

C.Ablindoldmanthathasnothingtodoeveryday

D.Apooroldmanthatisalwaysreadytohelpothers

38.Howwillthestorybeended?

A.Thewriterpaidthelittlegirlbuttheoldmandidnotaccept.

B.Thewriterdroveawaywithtearsrunningdownhischeck.

C.Thewriterstayedthere,withoutknowingwhattodoandhowlodo.

D.Inthenextfewfrozensecondsthewriterfelttheshameandastonishmenthehadneverfeltbefore.

39.Thebesttitleforthispassageperhapswillbe.

A.TheOldManandHisDaughterB.HeartLeapingUp

C.NeverLoseHeartD.GoodWillBeRewardedGood

（B）

Theseanimaldadshavesonicseriouslystrangeideasaboutfathcrhooc.

Barbarymacaque

Unlikehumandadsboastingof（heirkids'winningcontestsorcollegeacceptances,barbarymacaques,monkeysthatare

nativetoNorthAfrica,showoffbabiesasawaytoimpresseachotherandbuildsocialnetworks.Thesemonkeysliveintroops

ofabout30members,andlifecentersaroundthebabiesborneachspring.

Duringbabyseason,malescarrytheinfants,evenpickinguplittleonesthataren'ttheirownoffspring（后代）.However,

therearestatussymbols,usedtobuildmalesocialnetworksandconnectionswithinthegroup.Theinfantscanserveasasocial

passport,toapproachothermalesandhangoutwiththem.Afterall,it'smuchsimplertobreaktheiccifyouhaveacutebaby

inhand.

Sandgrouse

Lotsofdadsbringhomethebacon.ButforyoungsandgrouseslivinginNamibia'sdrydeserts,wateristheessential

resource.Sandgrousefathersarethefrequentflyersthattravelalmost125mileseachdaytofillupforthefamilyatawatering

hole.

Withnootherwaytoiransponwater,malesandgrousessculcinthepool,rockingbackandfbnhiobaiheihcirbelly

feathers.Fillingupcantake15minutes,leavingthemexposedtokillerslikefalcons（獵鷹）.Butitallpaysoff.Thedadsreturn

homeafteralongdayandareable（oprovidetheirbabieswithfewprecioustablespoonsofliquid.

Pipefish

Pregnantpipefishmales-yes,males-givebirthtoliveyoungfromeggsthatfemalesdepositintheirbroodpouches（WJI

袋）.Thismotheringacthasearned（hempraiseasdevotedanimaldads.

Butitturnsoutthat（hepregnantpipefishalsohasawanderingeye.Ifheseesabiggerfemaleheoftenaborts（流產(chǎn)）

existingeggs.Ifhestopsexportingnutrientstothedevelopingembryos（胚胎）whilereabsorbingnutrientsfromabortions,he

assuresenoughresourcestoinvestinthemorerewardingoffspring.

Bluepoisondartfrog

Femalesofthisspecieslayonlyabouthalfadozenpreciouseggs.Thatismaybewhydadsaresodevotedtothem.Frog

eggsmuststaywateryormoistandthesedevoteddadsaccomplishthatbyregularlyurinatingonthemoverthecourseof10

days,untilthey肌〃M（孵化）astadpoles.

40.Barbarymacaquescanytheirkidsaroundinorderto.

A.showhowproudtheyareaboutbeingafather.

B.showtheirfamilystrengthwithinmonkeygroups.

C.centeraroundtheirkidsasatradition.

D.buildupbetterrelationswithothermonkeys.

41.Theresourceofwaterorliquidispreciousto.

A.barbarymacaqueandsandgrouse.

B.sandgrouseandpipefish.

Cpipefishandbluepoisondartfrog

D.sandgrouseandbluepoisondartfrog.

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Sandgrousecarriesthewaterbydrinkingitfirstandthenspittingitout.

B.Pipefishgivesupsomeeggsinordertomakehimselfstronger.

C.Malebluepoisondartfrogprotectstheeggsbykeepingthemwet.

D.Sandgrousehastocompeteforwaterwiththefalcon.

(C)

Inmanyplaces,levellinguphasbeenaboonforonesortofbuilding.

Derbyputonanimpressiveshowattheopeningofitsmarkethallin1866.Visitorstothecity,someofwhomarrivedon

specialtrains,heardaperformanceofHandel'sMessiahand“apowerfillandeffectiveorgan”.Todaythehallechoeswiththe

shoutsofscaffolders.Therowsofmarketstallsonthegroundfloorarclifeless,thetradershavingmovedelsewhere.The

buildingwillnotreopenuntil2024.

Eveninitshalf-repairedstate,DerbyMarketHallisspectacular.Ithasavastroofofglassandwood,withironsupports.It

looksalildelikeStPancrasStationinLondon,whichisnotasurprise—(heengineerRowlandMasonOrdishworkedonboth.

DerbyCouncilproudlyexpressesthecomparisontheotherwayaround.StPancras,itsays,“hasacomparablesplendourtothe

roofofDerbyMarketHair'.

TheMidlandsandnorthofEnglandarestuddedwithVictorianmarkethalls,whicharefrequentlyamongthegrandest

buildingsintheirtowns.Manyarcnowbeingsprucedup.Workisunderway,orexpectedtobeginsoon,onmarketbuildings

inBrighouse,Bury,Carlisle,Derby,Doncaster,Goole,Lincoln,NewcastleandSouthport.NewportmarketinWalesreopened

inMarch.Inmanyplaces,thesinglemosttangibleconsequenceofthegovernment's"levellingup”programmetoreduce

regionalinequalityisthatsomethingisbeingdoneto(heindoormarket.

Markethallswereoneweaponinthe19th-centurycampaignagainststreettraders.Peoplewhohawkedfoodfromcarts

andbasketswereaccusedofobstructingtraffic,cheatingshoppersandcrea:ingnoiseanddisorder.Theywerea“cryingevil”，

astheburghersofBoltonputit.Thetradersweresweptfromthestreetsandintocoveredhalls,whereintensecompetition

wouldintheorykeeppriceslow.FewhallswerebuiltinLondonorsouth-eastEngland.Londonwasbythe19thcenturyfartoo

largeforcentralisedretailmarketstofulfilpeople'sneeds.

Becauseeverytownwantedamorespectacularmarkethallthanitsneighbours,theybecameenormousandomate.They

wereorderly,atleastintheory.DrunkcustomerswerebarredWolverhamptonhiredamarketpolicemantocrackdownon

loiteringboys;ahallinNewtonAbbotevenhadajailcell.InLeedsfruit-sellerswerereprimandedfbrtheir'*habitofmakinga

greatnoiseandwearinganobjectionablecostumeinfrontoftheirshops,causingannoyancetotheothertenants,andunduly

attractingcustomers”.

43.AccordingtothefirstIwoparagraphs,whateventmarkedtheopeningofDerbyMarkelHallin1866?

A.Thearrivalofafamousarchitect.

B.AgrandperformanceofHandel'sMessiah.

CTheintroductionofnewmarketstalls.

D.Theannouncementofarestorationproject.

44.Whatisthemeaningoftheword“sprucedup"inthecontextofthepassage?

A.Destroyed.B.Improved.C.Expanded.D.Abandoned.

45.Basedonparagraph4,whatunderlyingsocialissueswereVictorianmarkethallsattemptingtoaddress?

A.Theyaimedtoimprovearchitecturalaestheticsintownswithgrandbuildings.

B.Theysoughttocontrolstreettradersaccusedofcausingpublicdisturbancesandunfairtradingpractices.

C.Theyweredesignedtocentralizeretailmarketsinresponsetoovercrowdedcityconditions.

D.Theyintendedtoboostlocaleconomiesbycreatingmorecommercialopportunitiesfortownspeople.

46.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheVictorianMarketHallsofLondon

B.TheDeclineofTraditionalMarketStalls

C.TheRestorationandLegacyofVictorianMarketHalls

D.TheRoleofStreetTradersin19th-CenturyEngland

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegivenbehind.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegivenbehind.Eachsentencecanbeusedonly

once.Notethattherearctwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

Livingoffgrid

Whenyouneedelectricity,youjustpluginthemachineandswitchiton.Ifyouneedwaler,youturnonthelap.

47Formanypeople,thesefacilitiesarethebasicsofcivilizedsocietyandiheideaoflivingwithoutthemseemsrisky.

Yetforagrowingnumberofpeople,theideaoflivingoffgrid—withoutelectricity,waterorsewage—isanincreasingly

attractivelifestyle.

Off-griddersdonothavetogiveupelectricityoramodemlifestyle—somechooseto,butmostusesmallhydroelectric

powersystems,solarpanelsorwindmillstogenerateenoughpowerfortheirneeds.Heatingandcookingneedsaremetbysolar

energyorwoodburningsystems,andtoiletfacilitiesrangefromnon-watertoiletstooutsidecomposttoilets.48It

rangesfromtraditionalyurts(atypeoftent)toluxuryhousewithhigh-speedinternetandcentralheating.Whethertheylivein

simplehomesorluxuryhouses,whattheyallhaveincommonisthattheirlifestylesdonotcreateanypollutionorcarbon

emissions—theultimategoalforoff-gridders.

Around100,000peoplearethoughttobelivingoffgridintheUKnow.49Theygrowtheirownfood,home-

schooltheirchildrenandprovidetheirownmedicalcare.Theyarepeoplewhohavebeenpricedoutof(hehousingmarketor

whohavegrowndisillusionedwithwhatmodernsocietycanofferandwhodecidesthatanalternativelifestyleisn'tapipe

dream,butaviableoption.

Apartfromlivinganalternativelifestyle,costisabigfactorinchoosingtoliveoff-grid.Off-gridhousesarefarcheaperto

buildthanordinaryhomessincetheydon、needtobeconnectedtotheelectricityorwatersuppliesandevenroadaccessisnot

necessary.Materialstendtobecheaper,too.Popularoptionsincludestraworoldtyresandcement.

Surprisingly,thebiggestproblemoff-griddersfaceisnotbuildingtheirhomesorbecomingsclf-sufficicnlbutgetting

permissiontobuild.Ruralareasawayfrom(ownareiheperfeclchoicebuttheseareoftenprotectedbylawfromconstruction

ofanykindorhavebuildingrestrictions.Therearenowseveralwebsitesdedicatedtoland-sharingsothatthecostsofbuying

landandgettingpermissioncanbeshared,andthereareincreasingnumbersofoff-gridcommunities.50Off-gridding

couldsoonbecommonalloverEuropeandAmerica.

A.Manyareself-sufficient,notjustprovidingtheirownelectricity,waterandsewagesystems,butinallaspects.

B.Afteryouuseihetoilet,youflushiiandihewastedisappears.

C.Thisshiftfromindividualtogroupoff-griddingreflectsthefact(hat(heIrene!isgrowingnoticeably.

D.Theyliveinahugevarietyoftypesofaccommodation.

E.Livingoff-gridstillhasalongwaytogobeforeitbecomesamainstreamwayofliving.

F.Ratherthanbuildingpermanenthomes,vansormobilehomesorevenoldshippingcontainersareotheroptions.

SectionD.Completethechart

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.FillineachblankwithNOMORETHAN5words.Youmayuseyourownwords.

ShouldOurSocietiesGoCashless?

Theriseofcontactlesspaymentanddigitalwalletsismakingcashuselessinalotofcities.Infact,thosewhoarestillused

topayingwith“real"cashwouldfeellikealiensinSweden.WhiletheNordiccountryisstillsingledoutasararityfortaking

thecashlessroute,itwon'tbelongbeforemorecountriesjoinitbyventuringdownthesamepath.

Oneofthebiggestbenefitsofgettingridofcashistheeliminationofitsanonymity.Cashplaysamajorroleinthecrime

worldwhichmakesgoingcashlessamoretransparentalternative.Sincealldigitaltransactionsleavearecordbehind,anyone

withaninterestinlearningaboutthecashflowofabusinessorindividualcouldeasilytracewherethemoneycamefrom.

Thereisanotherbenefittocashlesssocieties:therenolongerneedstobeanintermediarytopayextrafees.Today,banks

andfinancialinstitutionsarenecessaryforsupportingthe