PVPS

AnalysisofTechnological

InnovationSystemsforBIPVinDifferentIEACountries

2025

ReportIEA-PVPST15-23:2025

Task15EnablingFrameworkfortheDevelopmentofBIPV-AnalysisofTechnologicalInnovationSystemsforBIPVinDifferentIEACountries

WhatisIEAPVPSTCP?

TheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),foundedin1974,isanautonomousbodywithintheframeworkoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD).TheTechnologyCollaborationProgramme(TCP)wascreatedwithabeliefthatthefutureofenergysecurityandsustainabilitystartswithglobalcollaboration.Theprogrammeismadeupof6.000expertsacrossgovernment,academia,andindustrydedicatedtoadvancingcommonresearchandtheapplicationofspecificenergytechnologies.

TheIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgramme(IEAPVPS)isoneoftheTCP’swithintheIEAandwasestablishedin1993.Themissionoftheprogrammeisto“enhancetheinternationalcollaborativeeffortswhichfacilitatetheroleofphotovoltaicsolarenergyasacornerstoneinthetransitiontosustainableenergysystems.”Inordertoachievethis,theProgramme’sparticipantshaveundertakenavarietyofjointresearchprojectsinPVpowersystemsapplications.TheoverallprogrammeisheadedbyanExecutiveCommittee,comprisedofonedelegatefromeachcountryororganisationmember,whichdesignatesdistinct‘Tasks,’thatmayberesearchprojectsoractivityareas.

TheIEAPVPSparticipatingmembersareAustralia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,China,Denmark,EnercitySA,EuropeanUnion,Finland,France,Germany,India,Israel,Italy,Japan,Korea,Malaysia,Morocco,theNetherlands,Norway,Portugal,SolarEnergyResearchInstituteofSingapore(SERIS),SolarPowerEurope,SouthAfrica,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Thailand,Türkiye,UnitedStates.

Visitusat:

WhatisIEAPVPSTask15?

TheobjectiveofTask15oftheIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgrammeistocreateanenablingframeworktoacceleratethepenetrationofBIPVproductsintheglobalmarketofrenewables,resultinginanequalplayingfieldforBIPVproducts,BAPVproductsandregularbuildingenvelopecomponents;respectingmandatoryissues,aestheticissues,reliabilityissues,andfinancialissues.

SubtaskAofTask15isfocusedontheanalysisoftheTechnologicalInnovationSystem(TIS)forBIPVonnationalandmulti-nationallevelstoidentifysystemicproblemsandrecommendactionsforindustryand/orpolicymakersthatwanttosupportthedevelopmentoftheBIPVmarketandinnovationsystem.

Authors

MainContent:M.vanNoord(RISE),N.MartínChivelet(CIEMAT),N.Weerasinghe(RMIT),J.Halme(Aalto

University),F.Tilli(GSE),A.Baggini(UniversitàdiBergamo),M.Tabakovic(FHTechnikumWien),O.Bernsen(RVO),R.Yang(RMIT),E.Daun(RISE)

Editor:M.vanNoord(RISE)

DISCLAIMER

TheIEAPVPSTCPisorganisedundertheauspicesoftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)butisfunctionallyandlegallyautonomous.Views,findings,andpublicationsoftheIEAPVPSTCPdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsorpoliciesoftheIEASecretariatoritsindividualmembercountries.

COVERPICTURE

HouseofChoice,Solna(Sweden)-propertyowner:Fabege;architect:WhiteArchitects;BIPVsupplier:Solkompaniet&MLSystems;

Photo:M.vanNoord

INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY

PHOTOVOLTAICPOWERSYSTEMSPROGRAMME

AnalysisofTechnologicalInnovation

SystemsforBIPVinDifferentIEA

Countries

IEAPVPS

Task15

EnablingFrameworkfortheDevelopmentofBIPV

ReportIEA-PVPST15-23:2025

March2025

Task15EnablingFrameworkfortheDevelopmentofBIPV-AnalysisofTechnologicalInnovationSystemsforBIPVinDifferentIEACountries

2

TABLEOFCONTENTS

Acknowledgements 3

Listofabbreviations 4

Listoftables 5

Executivesummary 6

1Introduction 8

2Method 10

2.1Methodologicalchoicesanddatasourcesinthenationalanalyses 10

3Comparisonofnationalresults 13

3.1StructuralanalysesandBIPVapplications 13

3.2Functionalanalysesresults 20

3.3Systemicproblemsandopportunities 23

3.4Nationalrecommendations 26

4Discussionandconclusions 30

4.1Motorsofinnovation 31

4.2Opportunitiesforinternationalcooperation 33

4.3Mainconclusions 34

References 35

AppendixA

Mainformal(hard)institutionsinthenationalBIPVtechnologicalinnovation

systems 38

AppendixB

SystemicproblemsandopportunitiesforTISdevelopmentinthenationalBIPV

technologicalinnovationsystems 48

AppendixC

Listofrecommendationsfromtheindividualcountryreports,theirlinksto

systemicproblemsandmaintargetgroups,andtheirimplementationstatuses 56

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ThisreportreceivedvaluablecommentsandcontributionsfromseveralIEA-PVPSTask15membersandotherinternationalexperts.ManythankstoallofyouandtothosewhocontributedtothenationalTIS-analysisreports,whichformedasolidbaseforthisreport.

Thisreportissupportedby:theAustrianFederalGovernment,representedbytheAustrianResearchPromotionAgency(FFG)undercontractsno.890450and908085;theSpanishMinistryofScienceandInnovationandtheEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFund(RINGS-BIPVProjectwithreferencePID2021-124910OB-C31)aswellasother(national)fundingforIEAPVPSTask15participation.

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LISTOFABBREVIATIONS

IEA

InternationalEnergyAgency

BAPV

BuildingApplied/AttachedPhotovoltaics

BIM

BuildingInformationModeling

BIPV

BuildingIntegratedPhotovoltaics

CENELEC

EuropeanElectrotechnicalCommitteeforStandardization

CPR

ConstructionProductsRegulation(Europeannormative)

FiT

Feed-intariff

FiP

Feed-inpremium

IEC

InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(iec.ch)

IFC

IndustryFoundationClasses(forBIM)

IEA

InternationalEnergyAgency

NABERS

NationalAustralianBuiltEnvironmentRatingSystem

LVD

LowVoltageDirective(Europeannormative)

nZEB

NetZeroEnergyBuilding2021-2030

PPA

PowerPurchaseAgreement

PVPS-IEA

PhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgramoftheInternationalEnergyAgency

TIS

TechnologicalInnovationSystem

RVO

theNetherlandsEnterpriseAgency(RijksdienstvoorOndernemendNederland)

RES

RenewableEnergySources

GSE

GestoredeiServiziEnergetici

RE

RenewableEnergy

PV

Photovoltaics

EV

ElectricVehicles

AT

Austria

AU

Australia

FI

Finland

IT

Italy

NL

theNetherlands

ES

Spain

SE

Sweden

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LISTOFTABLES

Table1:MainactortypesineachnationalBIPVvaluechain 14

Table2:MainBIPVapplicationsinthenationalBIPVTIS,categorizedaccordingto

[20].Coloursindicaterelativemarketactivitywithineachcountryandshouldnot

beusedtocomparemarketdevelopmentbetweencountries.Finlandresultsare

notavailable 17

Table3:InsightinpatentapplicationsforthenationalBIPVTISes 19

Table4:FunctionalscoresforallfunctionsthenationalBIPVTISes 20

Table5:DistributionofrecommendationsoveraddressedTIS-functions,percountry

andtotal.Cellcoloursindicatefunctionalscores,whereredmeans“absentto

weak”(1.5/5)anddarkgreenmeans“strong”(4/5) 29

Table6:TIS-functionassessmentsandtheirroleasdriversfortheMotorsof

Innovation.Maindriversaremarkedwith‘x’,secondarydriverswith‘(x)’.Cell

coloursindicatefunctionalscores,whereredmeans“absenttoweak”(1.5/5)and

darkgreenmeans“strong”(4/5) 32

TableA1:MainlegislativeinstitutionsinthenationalBIPVTIS,groupedbyspecific

BIPVsupport,supportforPVinbuildings,nospecificBIPV/PVinbuildings

support 38

TableA2:Maintechnicalcodes,standards,etc.inthenationalBIPVTIS,grouped

byspecificBIPVsupport,supportforPVinbuildings,nospecificBIPV/PVin

buildingssupport 45

TableB1:Actor-relatedsystemicproblemsandopportunitiesforTISdevelopment

andtheirpresence(markedby“x”)inthenationalBIPVTISes 48

TableB2:Institution-relatedsystemicproblemsandopportunitiesforTIS

developmentandtheirpresence(markedby“x”)inthenationalBIPVTISes 51

TableB3:Interaction-relatedsystemicproblemsandopportunitiesforTIS

developmentandtheirpresence(markedby“x”)inthenationalBIPVTISes 53

TableB4:Infrastructure-relatedsystemicproblemsandopportunitiesforTIS

developmentandtheirpresence(markedby“x”)inthenationalBIPVTISes 55

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EXECUTIVESUMMARY

Thisreportcompilesandcomparestheresultsofsevennationaltechnologicalinnovationsystems(TIS)analysesforbuildingintegratedphotovoltaics(BIPV),inSpain,Finland,Sweden,Italy,Australia,AustriaandtheNetherlands.AlltheseanalyseswereperformedwithinSubtaskAoftheIEAPVPSTask15andbuiltupontheguidelinespublishedearlierbythesametask.Thedataforthenationalanalysesweregatheredfrom(nationalorinternational)databasesonprojects,publications,patentsandregulations;interviews,workshopsand/orsurveyswithrepresentativesalongtheBIPVvaluechain;andwebsites,pressandliteraturereview.

Analysingthestructuresofthenationalinnovationsystemshasidentifiedresearchandeducationactorstobeadrivingforceinmostofthecountries,togetherwithBIPVmanufacturers.ForAustria,theNetherlands,Spain,andSweden,policymakershavealsobeenfoundtohavearelevantimpactontheinnovationsystems’development.IndustryassociationsaretypicallylessactiveinBIPV,givingthemlowimportancefortheTISesinallcountriesexceptAustriaandAustralia.

Theformalinstitutionalframework(i.e.regulations,standards,etc.)forBIPVisstillunderdevelopedorunspecific.BIPVistypicallynotconsideredasabuildingproductandguidanceonhowtocomplywithbuildingcoderegulationsislimited,whichcomplicatesimplementationofBIPV.IncentivesaregenerallydirectedtowardsPVinbuildingsortowardsrenewableenergyingeneral,whichputsBIPVinacompetingsituation,primarilywithBAPV.InthiscompetitionBIPVistypicallyalessmatureoption,withhighercomplexityandcosts.Intheinformalinstitutionalframework(i.e.culture,habits,etc.)thereissupportforPVandBIPVatahigherlevel,whileatamorepracticallevel,BIPVishinderedbyaculturalgapbetweenthesolarenergyandtheconstructionindustries.

Withinthecurrentstructuresofactorsandformalorinformalframeworks,nichemarketsforBIPVhaveevolvedinallcountries.ForallcountriesexceptSpain,amainsub-marketexistsforroofsystemswithregularsizedmodules.InSpain,fa?adesolutionswithPVglazingarethemostdevelopedsub-market,whileAustriahasacombinationofthetwo.

AnalysesofappliedandgrantedpatentsshowthatItalyandtheNetherlandsarethetwomostactivecountriesinBIPVintellectualproperties,followedbySpain.Theapplicationtypesthataretargetedinthepatentsgenerallycorrespondtothemainsub-marketsforeachcountry.

Inordertoadvancefromanichemarkettoacommercialmarket,aTISmustfunctionproperly.ThisisassessedusingeightTIS-functions.Outoftheseeight,allcountrieshaveatleastthree(anduptoeight)functionswithinsufficientfulfilmentforacommercialmarketgrowth.Allsufferfrominsufficientknowledgedissemination(totheconstructionindustry,themarket,publicadministrationand/orsupportingactors)andinsufficientmarketformation(throughmarketpush,marketpullormarketincentives).Furthermore,thecreationofsocialcapitalislowinsixofsevencountries,whichhampersmanyotheraspectssuchaslegitimation,resourcemobilisationandentrepreneurialexperimentation.

Theunderlyingproblemsforinsufficientfunctionalfulfilmentarelistedanddiscussed.Themainissuesarealimitedengagementofcertainactorgroups,suchasactorsoriginatingfromtheconstructionindustryandproductmanufacturers;theindustry’sdifficultiesinreducingpricessufficientlyorconvincingcustomersofthebenefitsofBIPV;andthelackofBIPV-specificpolicyincentivestomitigatedifferencesinmaturenessbetweenBIPVandcompetingtechnologies.

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Also,limitedsocialinteractionbetweenactorsintheBIPVandadjacentvaluechains,andthelackofeducationalresources,areimportantbarriersinmanycountries.

RecommendationstofacilitateBIPVmarketdevelopmentaremostlysimilarfromcountrytocountryandthemainrecommendationscanbegroupedinto:

?EngagingnewactorsintheTIStofillgapsandincreasediversity,forexamplethroughassessingandcommunicatingmarketpotential.

?Increasinginteractionsbetweenactorsinthevaluechain,throughcollaborativeactionsonroadmaps,marketcreation,knowledgedissemination,etc.

?Bridginggapsbetweenthesolarandconstructionsectors(culturalandinteractional),e.g.byrequiringsuchcooperationsintendersorfundingcalls.

?Stimulatingfurtherinnovationanddevelopment,inareaslikerationalisationofproductionandscalablesolutionsforretrofitting.

?Improvingregulations,standardisation,andincreasingtechnicalguidanceforBIPV,forinstancethroughacknowledgementofBIPV-productsasconstructionproducts.

?StimulatingBIPVmarket(s),whichcouldbedonethroughregulatoryincentivesorrequirements.

?Increasingeducation,training,andknowledgetransfer.

Sincemanyoftheoverarchingproblemsandrecommendationsaresimilarforthestudiedcountries,thereisaclearpotentialformulti-lateralcooperationbyindustryactorsandforinternationalpolicyinitiatives.Intopicslikeknowledgedisseminationortechnicalguidance,IEAPVPSTask15hasthepotentialtomakeadifference.

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1INTRODUCTION

BIPVistheabbreviationfor“building-integratedphotovoltaic”[1],andreferstothedualfunctionofBIPVdevicesproducingelectricalenergyandservingasabuildingcomponent.Tobetterunderstandtheirconstructiverole,ifBIPVelementsareremovedfromabuilding,fullyfunctioningbuildingcomponentsmustsubstitutethem.InadditiontothetechnicalrequirementsofBIPV,thereareaestheticalintegrationneedsforthistechnology;diversityofcolouring,surfacefinishing,sizesandshapeshaveshowntheversatilityoftheBIPVindustrytoadapttosuchrequirements[2].ExamplesofBIPVproductsarefa?adecomponentsofrainscreensorcurtainwalls,andsolartiles.

Figure1

showstheroleofBIPVmodulesindifferentarchitectonicapplications.

Figure1:ExamplesofBIPVsystemsinabuildingcase(source:SUPSI)

Inthisreport,BIPV’stechnologicalandmarketdevelopmentisassessedusingthetechnologicalinnovationsystem(TIS)framework.TheTISframeworkanditsconceptoffunctionaldynamicswasdevelopedinthe2000’stobetterdescribethedynamicsofinnovationsystemsaroundnewtechnologicaldevelopments,andtodosoinastructured,multi-disciplinaryapproach.FunctionalanalysisofaTISshouldmakeinnovationsystemanalysisresultsmorecomparableandmakeiteasierforpolicymakerstoextractkeypolicyissuesandsetpolicygoals[3],[4].Assuch,TIS-analyseshavebeenutilizedinresearchandpolicydevelopmentforrenewableenergytechnologies,primarilyintheNetherlandsandSweden.

TheaimoftheTIS-analysisframeworkdescribedabove,correspondswelltotheoverallobjectiveofIEAPVPSTask15:tocreateanenablingframeworktoacceleratethepenetrationanddeploymentofBIPVproductsintheglobalmarketofrenewableenergiesandintheconstructionsector.LiteratureexistsforBIPVdriversandimpedimentsinnumerouscountries,butmoststudieswereconductedwithaspecificperspectiveandvaryingmethodologies,makingithardtobenchmark.Forthatreason,SubtaskAinphase2ofTask15(2020-2023)wasdedicatedtoperformingTIS-analysesforBIPVinanumberofparticipatingcountries.Thissubtaskwasadistinctiveone,amongstthemostlytechnicallyorientedactivitiesandcommunityofTask15.Initially,onlySweden,theNetherlands,andapossiblethirdcountry

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weresettoanalysetheirnationalinnovationsystemsforBIPV.However,morecountriesjoinedastheactivityproceededandtheconceptandbenefitsofTIS-analysesbecameclearer.Intheend,sevencountriesparticipatedactivelyinSubtaskAandperformedanalysesfortheirrespectiveBIPVTISes.Australia[5],Austria[6],Italy[7],theNetherlands[8],Sweden[9],andSpain[10]performedafullTIS-analysis,accordingtotheTask15guidelines,andFinland[11],[12]performedasimilaranalysiswithasomewhatlimitedscope.

PerformingaTIS-analysiscanbeachallengingeffort,butitprovidesabroaderunderstandingandnewinsightsonthedevelopmentofBIPVmarkets.Furthermore,havingseveralnationalanalyses(inparallel)givesabenchmarkingperspectivethatishighlyuseful.InternalbenchmarkingwasdoneduringnationalTIS-analyses,throughbenchmarkingworkshops,butthemainbenchmarkingprocesswasthroughcompilationofthisreport.Itistheauthors’hopeandexpectationthatthisreportcanprovidereadersfrombothindustryandgovernmentagenciesabetterunderstandingofthechallengesandopportunitiesforBIPV–andhowtheythemselvescouldcontributeintheirrolestomakingthefutureofBIPVbrighter.

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2METHOD

Thisreportpresentscomparisonsandresultsbasedontheanalysisofsevennationaltechnologicalinnovationsystems(TISes)forbuildingintegratedphotovoltaics(BIPV).TheseanalyseswereconductedwithintheframeworkofIEAPVPSTask15,followingthemethodoutlinedinTask15’sguideforBIPVTIS-analysis[13].

Inbrief,theTechnologyInnovationSystemframeworkisemployedtoevaluatetheweaknessesandstrengthsofthenationalinnovationsystemsforBIPV–fortheirfunctioningandstructure.Thedataandknowledgeusedfortheseassessmentsarecollectedfromvarioussources,suchas:

?marketstatistics(whereavailable),

?projectandpublicationdatabases,

?patentapplicationdatabases,and

?interviewswithrelevantstakeholders.

Datacollectionthroughinterviewsand/orquestionnaireswasprimarilycarriedoutduring2021and2022.Thismeanstheremaybesomediscrepanciesbetweentheinstitutions(i.e.regulations,norms,etc.)thatinfluencedrespondents’answersandtheinstitutionscurrentlyinplace.Chapter2presentsthemostrelevantinstitutionsthatwereactiveduringtheinterviews/questionnaires,withnotesaddedifchangeshaveoccurredsince.

TheauthorsofthenationalTIS-analyses,whoaremostlyexperiencedinBIPVresearchanddevelopment,havecontributedadditionalinsightsonthenationalmarketstotheirreports.Mostoftheseauthorshavealsoparticipatedinwritingthissynthesisreport.

ThisreportcompilesandcomparesthemainresultsfromthenationalTIS-analysisreports,coveringstructuralandfunctionalanalyses,aswellastheidentifiedsystemicproblemsandopportunitiesforBIPVintherespectivecountries.Thefocusofthissynthesisisonidentifyingrelevantsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweencountries,particularlyintermsofsystemicproblems.Thediscussionofsimilarproblems,orweaknesses,iscontextualizedwithinthestructureoftheTISes,suchaspolicyframeworksandactorinvolvement.Additionally,recommendationsfromthenationallevelsarecompiledanddiscussedtoderivemoregeneralrecommendationsforenhancingBIPVdevelopmentanddeployment,andtoidentifymeasuresthatcouldbetakenatabi-ormulti-laterallevel,byindustryorpolicymakers.

Inthesubsequentsubsectionsofthischapter,moredetailsareprovidedonthedatasourcesusedforthenationalstudies.AllnationalTIS-analysesarepublishedasseparateTask15reports,exceptforFinland.Instead,theFinnishTIS-analysiswaspublishedastwoseparateBachelor’stheses.Referencestothenationalreportscanbefoundinthefollowingsubsections.Intherestofthereport,datafromthenationalreportsisusedwithoutfurtherreferencing,withfewexceptions.

2.1METHODOLOGICALCHOICESANDDATASOURCESINTHENATIONALANALYSES

DifferentcountriesanddifferentresearchershavedifferentpreconditionsandthereforetherearealsocertaindifferencesinhowdatahasbeengatheredforthenationalreportTIS-analyses.Thefollowingsubsectionsdescribethespecificsfortherespectivecountries.

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2.1.1AUSTRIA(AT)

TheauthorsoftheAustrianTIS-analysisreport[6]utilizedacombinationofdatasourcestoidentifyTISactors:theirownmarketintelligence(frompriorresearchandbusinessintelligenceactivities),databasesearches(forprojects,publications,andpatents),andwebsearches(foreducationalactors).Forthefunctionalanalysis,interviewswith17representativesoftheBIPVandadjacentTISesservedastheprimarydatasource,supplementedbytheaforementionedsources.Toprovideadditionaldepthorbackgroundtocertainpartsoftheanalysis,desktopresearchwasconducted,coveringactorwebsites,marketreports,energystatistics,andhardinstitutions(e.g.regulatorydocuments).NationalIEAPVPSTask15expertscontributedtoseveralpartsofthereport.AlldatawereanalysedaccordingtotherequirementsofTIS-analyses.

2.1.2AUSTRALIA(AU)

TheinformationfortheAustraliananalysis[5]wascollectedfrompublications,interviews,andworkshops.Regardingpublications,thisstudyreviewedarticles,books,officialwebsites,newspapers,magazines,andnationalreportsthatreferencedtheBIPVcontextsinAustralia.Additionally,thestudyanalysed50semi-structuredinterviews.InterviewparticipantswerebuildingandPVstakeholderswhohavebeeninvolvedandareinterestedinBIPVtechnologies.TwoworkshopswereheldinMelbourne,Australia,todiscusstheadoptionofBIPVanditstechnical,economic,andsocialparameters.Stakeholdersfromthebuildingindustry,PVindustry,academia,regulatorybodies,renewableenergyauthorities,andfiredepartmentwereinvitedtotheworkshopstodiscussBIPVadoption,safety,benefits,drawbacks,andrequirementsforfutureuptake.AlldatawereanalysedaccordingtotherequirementsoftheTIS-analysis.

2.1.3FINLAND(FI)

TheTIS-analysisforFinlandwasconductedwithalimitedscopethroughtwoBachelor’sthesesatAaltoUniversity[11],[12].Thefirstthesisfocusedonstructuralanalysisandreliedononlineresearch,supplementedbyinsightsfromtwoexpertinterviews.Thesecondthesiscentredonfunctionalanalysisandwasbasedoninformationgatheredfromfourinterviews.TheseinterviewswereconductedwithrepresentativesfromvariousaspectsoftheFinnishBIPVlandscape,includingaresearchuniversity,amanufacturerofsolarcellsandmodules,aproviderofphotovoltaic(PV)systems,andacompanyinvolvedintheproductionofsolarmodulesandtheplanningandinstallationofPVsystems.Duetotheconstraintsofthislimitedscope,theFinnishTIS-analysisdidnotstrictlyadheretotheTask15TISguidelinesbututilizedastreamlinedapproachtodatacollectionandanalysis.

2.1.4ITALY(IT)

FortheItalianTIS-analysisreport[7],TISactorswereidentifiedamongstakeholderswhohavealongstandingrelationshipwithGestoredeiServiziEnergetici(GSE,theItalianenergyservicesoperator)resultingfromyearsofincentiveschemesandpublicsupportofrenewableenergysources(RES),alongwithadetailedmarketanalysis.Additionally,databasesofregulations,publications,projects,andpatentswereexploited.Specialattentionwasgiventopatentapplications/patentsanalysis,consideringtheimportancethatItalianFeed-inTariff(FiT)decreesattributedtoinnovationintheBIPVsector.Theresultsofthepatentanalysisinfluencedtheentirereport,especiallythefunctionalanalysis.Around40stakeholdersfromdifferentcategories,i.e.,PV/BIPVindustry,associations,universities,researchcentres,wereintervieweddirectly,sometimesmorethanonce,whennecessary,toclarifyemergingtopics

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andissues.Questionnairesandinterviewsweresupplementedwithresultsofotherworks,interviews,anddataannuallypreparedforthereportsoftheItalianparticipationinIEAPVPSTask1.

2.1.5THENETHERLANDS(NL)

TheauthoroftheDutchTIS-analysisreport[8]utilizedacombinationofdatasourcestoidentifyTISactors:theirownRVOmarketintelligence(frompriorresearchandbusinessintelligenceactivities),theRVOdatabasesearch(forprojects,publications,andpatents),severalnationalroadmapsforBIPV,andinterviewsconductedbyscholarsandpublishedin“SolarMagazine”overtheyears.Thereportbuildsuponthesefindings,withadditionalattentiongiventothechangingperceptionsofBIPVovertimeandthevaryinginterestofdifferentgovernmentbodiespresentedinpolicydocuments.Thefunctionalanalysisisbasedontwomainpublications[14],[15]whichcontaininterviewswithrepresentativesoftheBIPV,construction,andthesolarsector.Toprovidemorecontext,generalpolicygoalsandmonitoringfigureswereutilized.

2.1.6SPAIN(ES)

TheSpanishteamconsultedvariousdatabasesofpublications,researchprojects,andpatentstodeveloptheSpanishTIS-analysisreport[10];however,themostsignificantsourceofinformationfortheirstudywasthe111responsesreceivedfromtailoredsurveysaddressingeachofthe15stakeholdergroupsinvolvedinBIPVtechnologyandsixadditionaldetailedinterviewsconductedwithexpertsinthefield.Thesurveysweredisseminateddirectlyorthroughnationalnetworks(associations,platforms,socialnetworks).

2.1.7SWEDEN(SE)

TheauthorsoftheSwedishTIS-analysisreport[9]utilizedacombinationofdatasourcestoidentifyTISactors:theirownmarketintelligence(frompriorresearchandbusinessintelligenceactivities),databasesearches(forprojects,publications,andpatents),andwebsearches(foreducationalactors).Forthefunctionalanalysis,interviewswith24representativesoftheBIPVandadjacentTISesservedastheprimarydatasource,supplementedbythe