1WarehousingandMaterialsHandling/Packaging

倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)II和物料輸送/包裝LeRoyH.Graw,EdD,DBA,C.P.M.,CPCM,CPP,CPPM,CISCM2Objectives目標(biāo)Tofurtheraddressfundamentalwarehousedecisions;進(jìn)一步討論基礎(chǔ)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)決定；Togainfurtherinsightofwarehouseandmaterialshandlingoperations;and進(jìn)一步了解倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)及物料輸送運(yùn)作；Tounderstandthefunctionalityandrequirementsofproductpackaging.了解產(chǎn)品包裝的功能性及需求；3Onceyou’vedecidedhowmanyandwheretoplacewarehouses…

一旦決定倉(cāng)庫(kù)的數(shù)量和地址，就需要考慮以下：Facilitydesign,layoutandsize設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)，布局和尺寸；Utilizationdecisions如何利用；Materialshandlingoperations,systemdesignandequipment物料輸送運(yùn)作，系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和設(shè)備；

4Usestraightlineordirect-flowofgoods使貨物能夠直線流動(dòng)Useefficientmaterialhandlingequipment使用有效的物料運(yùn)輸設(shè)備Minimizeaislespace(butdonotconstrainflow)在不限制貨物流動(dòng)的前提下，減少過(guò)道空間Makemaximumuseoffacilityheight最大限度地利用設(shè)備的高度GeneralWarehouseLayout&DesignPrinciples倉(cāng)庫(kù)布局和設(shè)計(jì)的一般準(zhǔn)則5GeneralWarehouseLayout&DesignPrinciples(Cont.)

倉(cāng)庫(kù)布局和設(shè)計(jì)的一般準(zhǔn)則（繼續(xù)）

6/ActiveAreaApproach

儲(chǔ)備/激活空間法

orderpickingfrombins(producta,b,c,...)從柜中撿單（產(chǎn)品A,B,C)receiving接收storage儲(chǔ)備存儲(chǔ) forward(active)storage傳遞（激活）存儲(chǔ) abcdefg

h conveyorlines傳輸帶 palletstoragerack貨盤(pán)架

shipping運(yùn)輸 7WarehouseConfiguration倉(cāng)庫(kù)構(gòu)造Designwarehousetomaximizeuseofshape最大限度地利用空間Constructioncostsnotaffectedmuchbyheight建筑成本受高度的影響不大；Materialshandlingcosts,forklifts,cranes,etc.are物料運(yùn)輸成本，叉車，起重機(jī)等8AlternativeWarehousingDesigns倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)可選方案a.Generalorderpickingarea一般撿單區(qū)域b.Specializedorderpickingarea特殊撿單區(qū)域.9DockDesignConsiderations

塢設(shè)計(jì)考慮因素Modesoftransportservingthefacility服務(wù)于設(shè)備的運(yùn)輸模式Numberofdockdoors塢門的數(shù)量10WarehouseSize倉(cāng)庫(kù)尺寸Oncesizeisdeterminedandfacilitybuilt,servesasa(soft)constraintfornext20+years--cannotchangewithoutlargecost一旦尺寸設(shè)定，設(shè)備安裝完畢，倉(cāng)庫(kù)的使用年限應(yīng)在20年左右（不需花費(fèi)大量成本來(lái)做改變）Mustdeterminethespacetoamodateinventoryrequirementsovertime空間的應(yīng)用必須可容納時(shí)間對(duì)庫(kù)存的要求11UtilizationDecisions

如何利用的決定Determiningwhichitemstostockatawarehouse:決定哪些物品應(yīng)該存放在倉(cāng)庫(kù)中：Storagepatibilityamongproducts應(yīng)考慮產(chǎn)品之間的存儲(chǔ)相容性patibilityofproductswithmaterialshandlingequipment應(yīng)考慮產(chǎn)品和物料輸送設(shè)備之間的相容性Safetyandsecurity安全12MoreUtilizationDecisions

更多如何利用的決定Wheretoplaceitemstomaximizeefficiency:如何放置物品可最大限度的提高效率Orderretrievalmethod:circuitousvs.zig-zagpickrouting訂單查詢方法：迂回法對(duì)比之字形法Ordermonproducts:placeitemsorderedtogetherneareachother訂單-共通型產(chǎn)品，可緊靠放置在一起Popularity:basedonthroughputonly--neglectsize–受歡迎產(chǎn)品：可基于存儲(chǔ)能力-忽略尺寸Sizeandhandling:neglectthroughput--placebigger(difficult-to-move)itemsnearinbounddoor尺寸和輸送：忽略存儲(chǔ)能力-將尺寸大（不容名企業(yè)）物品放置在靠運(yùn)入門口13MaterialsHandlingOperations

物料輸送運(yùn)作Unloadingthevehicle卸貨Storageplacement放置Orderpicking撿單Staging,consolidatingandcontainerization分段運(yùn)輸，集中和裝箱Loadingthevehicle裝貨14LoadingandUnloading裝貨和卸貨Goodsmustbeoffloadedfromthetransportationequipment.Unloadingandmovementtostorageareoftenhandledtogether.貨物必須從運(yùn)輸設(shè)備上卸下。卸貨和某著名企業(yè)至倉(cāng)庫(kù)通常是一起進(jìn)行的。Specialequipment.特殊設(shè)備shipsareunloadedatdocksidebycranes海運(yùn)貨物在碼頭由起重機(jī)卸下railhoppercarsareturnedupsidedownbymechanicalunloaders.鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳镉蓹C(jī)械卸貨設(shè)備翻下

Unloadingmayrequiresorting,inspection,andclassificationbeforemovingtostorage.卸貨后，進(jìn)行分類，檢驗(yàn)和分類，再運(yùn)輸?shù)絺}(cāng)庫(kù)Loadingsimilartounloadingwithadditionalactivities裝貨和卸貨類似，但還包含以下活動(dòng)：Afinalcheckastoordercontentand最后檢查訂單內(nèi)容ordersequencemaybecarriedoutbeforetheshipmentisloadedontothetransportationequipment.在裝貨之前，必須檢查訂單的順序Also,loadingmayincludeanadditionalefforttopreventdamage,suchasbracingandpackingtheload.裝貨必須致力防止貨物破損，比如通過(guò)安裝支持和包裝等方式15MovementtoandfromStorage將貨物搬進(jìn)/搬出倉(cāng)庫(kù)Betweentheloadingandunloadingpointsinastoragefacility,goodsmaybemovedseveraltimes.在倉(cāng)庫(kù)設(shè)備的裝貨點(diǎn)和卸貨點(diǎn)之間，貨物可能被多次某著名企業(yè)。Movementfromtheunloadingpointtoastoragearea.貨物從卸貨點(diǎn)搬運(yùn)到倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)區(qū)域movementfromtheshippingdockortoanorder-pickingareaforstockreplenishment.貨物從海運(yùn)碼頭搬運(yùn)到撿單區(qū)域來(lái)補(bǔ)充庫(kù)存。Usinganorder-pickingarearesultsinanadditionalmovementlink使用撿單區(qū)域可作為額外的搬運(yùn)連接點(diǎn)manytypesofmaterials-handlingequipment多種物料輸送設(shè)備manualpushtrucks手推車carts大車fullyautomatedandputerizedstackingandretrievalsystems.全自動(dòng)和機(jī)化的裝箱和搜索系統(tǒng)16OrderFilling訂單供給selectionofstockfromthestorageareasaccordingtothesalesorders.根據(jù)銷售訂單從倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)區(qū)域選擇庫(kù)存Orderselectionmaytakeplacedirectlyfrom訂單選擇可直接從semipermanentorbulkstorageareasor暫時(shí)性或散裝倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)區(qū)域，或fromareas(calledorder-pickingareas)thatareespeciallylaidouttoenhancetheorderlyflowofmaterialsinbreak-bulkquantities.為改進(jìn)拆運(yùn)貨物的有序流動(dòng)而設(shè)立的撿單區(qū)域Orderfillingisoftenthemostcriticalofthematerials-handlingactivitiesbecause訂單供給對(duì)于物料輸送活動(dòng)通常至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)椋簍hehandlingofsmall-volumeordersislaborintensiveand小訂單（數(shù)量）輸送是勞動(dòng)密集型工作relativelymoreexpensivethantheothermaterials-handlingactivities.比其他的物料輸送活動(dòng)相對(duì)價(jià)高17ObjectivesofMaterialsHandling

物料輸送的目標(biāo)Minimizemovementinto,withinandoutofwarehouse將物料搬進(jìn)倉(cāng)庫(kù)，倉(cāng)庫(kù)搬動(dòng)以及搬出倉(cāng)庫(kù)的活動(dòng)降到最低Ensurerapid/efficientflow確保迅速/有效流動(dòng)Automateheavy-labor/high-frequencymovementsofregular-shapedproducts將勞動(dòng)密集/高頻率的規(guī)則形狀產(chǎn)品搬動(dòng)自動(dòng)化18MaterialsHandlingSystemDesign

物料輸送系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)Determiningtheequipmentneededtomove,storeandcontrolmaterial決定需要搬動(dòng)，存儲(chǔ)和控制物料所需的設(shè)備Levelsoflabor/mechanization/automation人工化/機(jī)械化/自動(dòng)化水平Movementbyhand手工搬動(dòng)Movementbyhumanandmachines(cranes,forklifts,conveyers)人工和機(jī)械結(jié)合的搬動(dòng)（起重機(jī)，叉車和傳輸帶）Movementbyputer-controlledmachines用計(jì)算機(jī)控制機(jī)械來(lái)搬動(dòng)19MaterialHandlingEquipmentAlternative可選擇的物料輸送設(shè)備a.Forkliftwithpallet/slipsheets帶托盤(pán)/薄襯紙的叉車b.Cartsand4-wheeledtrucks大車和四輪卡車c.Conveyors傳輸帶d.Cranes-bridgeorstacker/wagon高架吊車或堆垛機(jī)e.automatedguidedvehiclesystems自動(dòng)保護(hù)車輛系統(tǒng)f.storageequipment存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備1.traditional(piperacksandpallets)傳統(tǒng)(貨架和托盤(pán)）2.Automatedstorageandretrievalsystems(ASRS)-fullyputerizedorderpicking,sequencing,marking自動(dòng)化存儲(chǔ)和查詢系統(tǒng)-全計(jì)算機(jī)化撿單，排序和作標(biāo)示20MaterialsHandlingEquipment

物料輸送設(shè)備Pallettruck

帶托盤(pán)卡車ForkLift叉車Gravityrollerconveyor重力輸送帶Powerconveyor

電輸送帶Powerpallettruck電托盤(pán)卡車Flexibleconveyor伸縮性輸送帶21StorageUnits存儲(chǔ)單位Push-backrack后推架Mezzanines中層RollerconveyorandCartonFlowRacks滾筒輸送帶和紙板架Palletrack貨盤(pán)架22ShippingPlatforms貨運(yùn)平臺(tái)

Pallets貨盤(pán)Slipsheet薄襯板Returnablecontainers可回收集裝箱Drums桶Floorloaded搭層23AutomatedWarehouseHandlingSystems自動(dòng)化倉(cāng)庫(kù)輸送系統(tǒng)AutomatedStorage/RetrievalSystems自動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)/查詢系統(tǒng)Carousels–verticalandhorizontal旋轉(zhuǎn)式輸送帶-垂直和水平Case-pickinganditem-pickingequipment容器和物品選擇設(shè)備“Smart-sort”conveyors智能型輸送帶Robots機(jī)器人Scanningidentificationsystems掃描認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)Radiofrequency(RF)technologies無(wú)線電技術(shù)24InformationThroughouttheWarehouse

倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)信息流動(dòng)InventoryStatus庫(kù)存狀況Requisitions申請(qǐng)StockLocations存放位置OpenordersBackorders公開(kāi)訂單/Logisticsroutine物流常規(guī)Workstandards工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Receivingandqualitycontrol接受和質(zhì)量控制Storage存儲(chǔ)Orderpicking撿單SortingandPacking分類和包裝Shipping運(yùn)輸Productivityreporting生產(chǎn)力匯報(bào)Inventoryupdate庫(kù)存更新LocationsCyclecounts地址循環(huán)計(jì)數(shù)Picklistlabels撿單標(biāo)簽Labels,PackinglistInventoryupdate標(biāo)簽，裝箱庫(kù)存更新Schedules計(jì)劃Productivityreport生產(chǎn)力報(bào)告25WarehouseManagementSystems(WMS)

倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)Manufacturer制造商Retaile零售商WMS

Confirmsreceipt確認(rèn)收條Createsputawaylabel建立拋棄標(biāo)簽Directsstocktoactiveorlocation區(qū)分活躍/儲(chǔ)備位置放置

Prioritizesorders優(yōu)先訂單次序Printspickticketsforbestsequence按最好的次序打印撿單Printslabelsforpackingoperations打印包裝標(biāo)簽

Usesbarcodescanningtoverifyorder使用條形碼掃描確認(rèn)次序Printslabelsforshippingcartoncontents打印運(yùn)輸紙箱標(biāo)簽

Suggestsshippingroute建議運(yùn)輸路線Createsshippingdocuments準(zhǔn)備運(yùn)輸文件Calculatesshippingcost