第三節(jié)非謂語動詞【考點精析】考點1非謂語動詞的形式及句法功能種類時態(tài)主動被動主語賓語賓補表語定語狀語不定式一般式todotobedone√√√√√√進行式tobedoing×完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動名詞一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doingbeingdone××√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeendone××√√√√過去分詞一般式done(vt.)表被動與完成××√√√√1.主動形式、被動形式非謂語動詞與邏輯主語(通常是句子的主語)之間往往存在主謂或動賓關系：與邏輯主語之間存在主謂關系時，用主動形式；與邏輯主語之間存在動賓關系時，用被動形式。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天舉行的會議非常重要。2.時間先后關系根據(jù)它與謂語動詞表示的動作之間的時間先后關系定時態(tài)。(1)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或同時發(fā)生，用非謂語動詞的一般式。Heheardthesongbeingsungnextdoor.他聽到隔壁有人在唱這首歌。(2)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，用非謂語動詞的完成式。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.他完成作業(yè)之后就去睡覺了?？键c2非謂語動詞作狀語1.不定式作狀語(1)作目的狀語Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.我穿過馬路以便避開他，但他看到我并朝我跑了過來。(2)onlytodosth為不定式作結果狀語，表示出乎意料的結果。Wehurriedtothestation，onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.我們急匆匆地趕到車站，結果被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。(3)形容詞或過去分詞作表語時，后面可接不定式作原因狀語。常見詞有：happy,lucky,glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseeheryesterday.你永遠不會知道我昨天見到她有多高興。(4)在“主語＋系動詞＋表語(形容詞)＋todo”結構中，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。該結構中常用的形容詞有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortabletositon.這把椅子看上去很硬，但實際上坐上去很舒服。2.分詞作狀語分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，一般在句中作時間、原因、結果、方式、條件、伴隨、讓步等狀語。Translatedinto(＝Whenitwastranslatedinto)English,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(作時間狀語)這個句子被譯成英語后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它有一個完全不同的語序。Notknowing(＝Becausehedidn’tknow)howmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddledinhiscaveandslept.(作原因狀語)因為不知道還能維持(生存)多久，尼古拉斯做了他能做的唯一一件事——蜷縮在他的山洞里睡覺。Used(＝Ifitisused)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.(作條件狀語)如果小心使用，一罐可以用六個星期。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.(作結果狀語)中國已經(jīng)修建了更多的公路，這讓人們的出行變得更容易。單句語法填空1.(2022·內蒙古呼和浩特模擬)Duringtherecordedvideoclasses,parentsneedtokeepaneyeontheirchildrento__ensure(ensure)theystayfocused.2.(2022·安徽合肥一模)Eachonewasaskedtowritehisorhernameontheballoonusing(use)amarkerpen.3.(2022·浙江紹興一中模擬)IknewDubyaandhiswifewell,butIdidn’tthinkwewerecloseenoughto__share__(share)Thanksgivingdinner.4.(2022·山東煙臺模擬)Sitting__(sit)atthetopofMonserrateHill,eastofthecity,theplaceisaprotectedparkforhummingbirds.5.(2022·遼寧實驗中學模擬)“Thishairisjustlikemine，”Shi’asays,swinging(swing)hishead.考點3非謂語動詞作定語1.不定式作定語不定式作定語通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與所修飾的詞之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系、動賓關系或同位關系。(1)Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(主謂關系)她總是第一個到，最后一個離開。(2)Ican’tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.(動賓關系)我想不出任何好的建議給她。(3)Hislastappeal,tocomeandseeher,wentunanswered.(同位關系)沒有人答應他最后要來看她的請求。2.分詞作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，分詞與被修飾的名詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關系或用來表示正在進行的動作時。Thelecture，startingat7：00p.m.lastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.這次演講開始于昨天晚上7點，緊接著是用望遠鏡觀看月球的活動?！久麕熤附颉勘恍揎椀拿~與分詞之間為被動關系且表示正在進行時，用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語。Stayawayfromhousesorbuildingsbeingbuiltorknockeddown.遠離正在建造或拆毀的房屋或建筑物。(2)過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語，分詞與被修飾的名詞之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。TsinghuaUniversity，foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.始建于1911年的清華大學培養(yǎng)出了眾多杰出人物?！久麕熤附颉孔鞫ㄕZ的不及物動詞的分詞形式有doing和done兩種。doing表示正在進行；done表示已經(jīng)完成。3.動名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的某種用途，在意義上相當于“名詞＋for＋doing”，此時動名詞常置于被修飾詞的前面。InsightofShackleton’slandingplace,ourboathitrock.在能看到沙克爾頓的登陸點時，我們的船觸礁了。NoflyingmachinewillflyfromNewYorktoParis.沒有飛行器會從紐約飛到巴黎。單句語法填空1.(2022·西安鐵一中三模)Abirdhabitatcanbeanaturalorman－madeareaproviding__(provide)birdswithanenvironmentthatsuppliesfoodandwater.2.(2022·河南鄭州模擬)Inpolarregions,however,risingglobaltemperaturesassociated(associate)withclimatechangemeanthaticesheetsandglaciersaremeltingatanacceleratingratefromseasontoseason.3.(2022·廣東廣雅中學模擬)Evenifagradeisnotgiven，thestudentisresponsibleforlearningthematerialassigned(assign).4.(2022·山西晉城二模)Youcandistracteachcatwithtoysduringtheirfirstmeetinginthesameroom,sotheyhavelesstimeto__worry(worry).5.(2022·山東煙臺期末)In1936，RuthHarknessbecamethefirstWesternerto__bring(bring)alivegiantpandanamedSuLintotheBrookfieldZooinChicago.考點4非謂語動詞作賓語補足語1.接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞(短語)常見的有：ask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,cause,allow,permit,forbid,warn,remind,teach,send,callon,waitfor,wouldlike/love/prefer等表示勸請、要求類動詞。Theteacheraskedustofinishourhomework.老師叫我們完成家庭作業(yè)。Thepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet.警察告訴孩子們別在街上玩耍。2.接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補的動詞·一感：feel·二聽：hear,listento·三讓：let,make,have·四看：see,watch,notice,observe·半幫助：helpsbtodo/dosth不定式作賓補表示某人做某事的全過程或某事發(fā)生的全過程，強調事物的發(fā)生和結束。Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.我看見他幾分鐘前離開了。3.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，表示動作的過程，即動作正在進行，尚未結束。賓語與賓補之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。Ihearsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我聽到有人在敲門。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforalongtime.對不起，讓你久等了。4.過去分詞作賓補過去分詞作賓補，著重動作完成，表明動作的結果，它與賓語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。Hesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.他看到那個賊被警察抓起來了。Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.老師提高嗓門以便讓別人聽到他的話。單句語法填空1.(2022·安徽合肥一模)Thespeakerthenledthegrouptotheroomfullofballoonsandaskedthemtofindtheballoonthathadtheirnamewritten(write)onwithinfiveminutes.2.(2022·遼寧大連一模)Thenewtechnologycouldenablemorepeopleto__access(access)theculturalrelicsdespitethedistance.3.Whenwesawtheroad__blocked(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.4.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,andgoingtohearitbeing__performed(perform)liveisquiteanother.考點5非謂語動詞作賓語1.下列動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。·decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish·refuse，manage，care，pretend·offer，promise，choose，plan·agree，ask/beg，help此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。2.下列動詞或詞組只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡。·consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon·admit，delay/putoff，fancy(想象，設想)·avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice·deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate·forbid，imagine，risk·can’thelp(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape3.下列短語也要用動名詞作賓語：beused/accustomedto，leadto，devoteto，gobackto，stickto，objectto，getdownto，payattentionto，can’tstand(無法忍受)，giveup，feellike，insiston，thank...for，apologizefor，bebusy(in)，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，spendtime(in)等[語境串記]LittleTomisconsideringquittingpractisingplayingtheviolin，becausehisneighborcan’ttoleratelisteningtothenoiseeveryday.Theotherday，shepromisedtogiveTomtendollarsaweekifhegaveupdoingit.Tomimagineshavinglotsofmoneyandcan’tresisttakingheradvice.小湯姆正考慮放棄練習拉小提琴，因為他的鄰居難以忍受每天聽到這噪音。前幾天，她答應如果湯姆放棄練琴的話每周給他10美元。湯姆想象著有很多錢，忍不住接受了她的建議。4.下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意：forgeteq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth忘記要做某事,doingsth忘記已經(jīng)做過某事))regreteq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth對即將做的事表示遺憾（未做）,doingsth對做過的事表示后悔（已做）))tryeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth盡力去做某事,doingsth試著做某事))gooneq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth繼續(xù)做另一件事,doingsth繼續(xù)做原來做的事))remembereq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth記著去做某事（未做）,doingsth記著做了某事（已做）))meaneq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth打算做某事,doingsth意味著做某事))[語境串記]Whatapoormemory!Iforgotborrowingmoneyfromhimyesterday.ButtodayIforgottoreturnthemoneytohim.多么差的記憶力！昨天我忘了向他借過錢，但今天我又忘了把錢還給他。單句語法填空1.(2022·黑龍江鶴崗模擬)About74percentoftheparentssaidonlinecourseshaveaddedanextraburdenonthembecausetheyhavetospendmoretimetakingcareofandassisting(assist)theirchildren.2.(2022·安徽合肥一模)Halfwaythroughhistalk，thespeakerstoppedanddecidedto__create(create)agroupactivity.3.(2022·廣東廣雅中學模擬)Theidealstudentisconsideredtobeonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearning，nottheoneinterestedonlyingetting(get)highgrades.4.(2022·浙江臺州二模)Inreality,however，60%ofclothingnowadaysisabandonedwithinayearofpurchase,whichproducesvastquantitiesofwastethatgloballandfills(垃圾填埋場)arestrugglingto__absorb(absorb).5.(2022·浙江金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考)Thisyear,Iattendedmysister－in－law’sceremonytocelebratemoving(move)intoanewhouse.考點6非謂語動詞作主語和表語類型用法示例不定式不定式作主語時，可以直接放在句首，謂語動詞常常用單數(shù)。Toenteragooduniversityforfurtherstudyismygoalnow.進入一所好大學深造是我現(xiàn)在的目標。不定式作主語時常置于句末，用it作形式主語放在句首。It’srudetoturnyourbacktoyourteacherandrefusetoanswer.背對著老師，拒絕回答問題是不禮貌的。不定式作表語，主語往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。Mydreamistobecomeadoctoraftermygraduationfromuniversity.我的夢想是大學畢業(yè)后當一名醫(yī)生。動名詞動名詞(短語)作主語時，可以直接放在句首，謂語動詞常常用單數(shù)。但表示多于一個的概念時，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)。Playingcellphonegamesishisfavourite.玩手機游戲是他的最愛。有時用it作形式主語，常用于Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsth結構中。Itisnousetryingtopersuadesuchastubbornperson.想要說服這樣一個固執(zhí)的人是沒有什么用處的。動名詞作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。Myhobbyisreadingbooks.我的興趣愛好是讀書。分詞情感類動詞(如surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage，inspire，shock，move等)的－ing形式和－ed形式表示狀態(tài)，是形容詞化的分詞。多數(shù)情況下，如果主語是人，表語使用－ed形式；如果主語是物，表語使用－ing形式。Mycousinisveryinterestedinplayingthepiano.我表妹對彈鋼琴很感興趣。單句語法填空1.(2022·山東濟南模擬)TheSeshanbrothers’adviceisneverto__give__(give)upifsomethingdoesnotworkthefirsttimeandtotrydifferentwaysofsolvingtheproblem.2.(2022·遼寧撫順一模)Theycaneitherseeacounselor(顧問)orjoinanorganization,whosegoalisto__help__(help)peoplefindwaystofulfillthemselvesratherthanleadtoseriousdebtandtroubledlives.3.(2022·江西萍鄉(xiāng)二模)Rightfromthebeginning,ouraimwasto__offer(offer)Gamesthatwouldhaveanimpactandtheelementofsurprise.4.Knowing(know)basicfirst－aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.5.Thedoorremainedlocked(lock)whenhecameagain.【疑難突破】1.邏輯主語非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常要與句子的主語保持一致。(誤)Foundhimangry，Ibegantotelljokes.(正)Findinghimangry，Ibegantotelljokes.發(fā)現(xiàn)他生氣了，我開始講笑話。(誤)Lookingaround，therewasnoonenearby.(正)Lookingaround，Ifoundtherewasnoonenearby.環(huán)顧四周，我發(fā)現(xiàn)附近沒有人。2.獨立主格結構若非謂語動詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，則要在非謂語動詞前加上其自身的邏輯主語，即“邏輯主語(名詞/代詞)＋非謂語動詞”，構成獨立主格結構。具體形式如下：(1)“名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”，現(xiàn)在分詞可有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。Wintercoming，itgetscolderandcolder.冬天來了，天氣越來越冷了。(2)“名詞/代詞＋過去分詞”，構成過去分詞的動詞與名詞/代詞為動賓關系，且過去分詞表示動作已完成。Thetestfinished，webeganourholiday.考試結束了，我們的假期開始了。(3)“名詞/代詞＋不定式”，不定式表示將來的動作，有語態(tài)的變化。Thetwoboyssaidgoodbyetoeachother，onetogohome，theothertogotohisfriend’s.兩個男孩彼此道了別，一個回家，另一個去朋友家。(4)有些分詞/不定式短語常作修飾全句的評注性狀語，其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種情況可看作是一種獨立成分。①常見的這類分詞短語有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking，talkingof，speakingof，judgingfrom/by，comparedwith/to...，giventhat...等。Generallyspeaking，girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.一般來說，女孩子比男孩子更喜歡文學。②常見的這類不定式短語有：tobefrank，tobesure，totell(you)thetruth，tobehonest，tomakemattersworse等。Totellyouthetruth，it’sallGreektome.說實話，我對此一竅不通。3.with復合結構(1)“with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”，現(xiàn)在分詞可表示主動和動作正在進行Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望著天空。(2)“with＋名詞/代詞＋過去分詞”，過去分詞可表示被動和動作已完成Withhishaircut，helookedmuchyounger.理了發(fā)，他看起來年輕多了。(3)“with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式”，不定式表示動作尚未發(fā)生Withalotofhomeworktodo，Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.因為有很多作業(yè)要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰?！疽?guī)律方法】1.分析句子結構，判斷是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞首先判定所給提示詞是否充當句子的謂語，如果句子不缺少謂語，就用非謂語動詞?！镜淅緿uringtheMid－AutumnFestival，familymembersoftengathertogether________(share)ameal，admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.解析句意：在中秋節(jié)期間，家庭成員常常歡聚一堂，享受大餐、賞月并品嘗月餅。分析句子結構可知，句子為簡單句，且謂語動詞為gather，故空處應填非謂語動詞；再根據(jù)句意可知，此處應用不定式作目的狀語。答案toshare2.找邏輯主語，再判斷與動詞之間的關系非謂語動詞作定語時，其邏輯主語是被修飾詞；作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語；作補語時，其邏輯主語是動詞或介詞的賓語。分析非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語(邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者)之間是主謂關系還是動賓關系(也就是看其邏輯主語是動作的發(fā)出者還是承受者)。如果邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是主謂關系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關系，則用過去分詞。但是當含有被動意義時，如果非謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動式；如果非謂語動詞表示的動作正在進行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式?！镜淅縅imhasretired，buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.解析句意：吉姆已經(jīng)退休，但他仍記得與學生們一起度過的快樂時光。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結構可知，thehappytime與spend是邏輯上的動賓關系，且此處表示一個已完成的動作，所以用過去分詞短語作后置定語。答案spent3.判斷所給動詞與謂語動詞發(fā)生的先后順序根據(jù)非謂語動詞與謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的先后順序確定用一般式還是完成式。如tohavedone，havingdone表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前；tobedoing，doing表示該動作與謂語動詞表示的動作(幾乎)同時發(fā)生。【典例】Heisthought________(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.解析句意：他被認為是舉止愚蠢的，現(xiàn)在失去這份工作他只能責怪自己，不能怨別人。bethoughttodosth表示“被認為做了某事”；由句意可知，act的動作發(fā)生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式。答案tohaveacted【分層演練】■層級一模擬達標練單句語法填空/單句改錯1.(2022·湖北襄陽模擬)IncelebrationofChinaCulturalandNaturalHeritageDay,whichfalls(fall)onthesecondSaturdayofJune,theSichuanProvincialDepartmentofCultureandTourismjoinedhandswithChinaCulturalCentersoverseasto__launch(launch)anonlineexhibitionfeaturing(feature)intangible(無形的)culturalheritagefromSichuanprovince.2.(2022·四川綿陽三診)Aheartbreakingimageofthewoman，taken(take)insidethePortMelbournesupermarketatmiddayonThursdayandsharedonsomesocialmediabyNineNewsreporterSebCostello,startedanoutpouringoffeelingsfromthepublic,withmanyexpressing(express)theirwillingnesstohelptheladyandotherscurrentlysuffering.3.(2022·山東威海期末)Beinghappy,onceitisrecognizedasadutyanddevelopsintoahabit，opens(open)doorsintoamazinggardenswhicharefullofthankfulfriends.4.(2022·湖北武漢6月模擬)Tostudysomething—notbecausewe’relookingtogainanythinginparticular,butpurelytoenjoynaturalwonders—is(be)allthatmakesushuman.5.(2022·河北衡水中學聯(lián)考)Mygrandfatherwas__raised(raise)inChinabecausehisgreatgrandfathermovedthereinthemid－19thcenturyto__establish(establish)thefirsthospitalanduniversityofWesternmedicineinChina.6.(2022·浙江溫州二模)Ashortnapisawiserchoicethandrinkingblackcoffee,sincetaking/to__take(take)caffeineintheafternoonoreveningcanbadlyaffectyournighttimesleep.7.(2022·皖北協(xié)作區(qū)聯(lián)考)Today,withtheBeltandRoadInitiativeinfullswing,thecityofQuanzhou,thestartingpointoftheancientMaritimeSilkRoad,isbackinthelimelight,playing(play)animportantroleinconnectingChinawiththerestoftheworld.8.(2022·陜西咸陽模擬)Convinced(convince)thathewouldchangehisbadluck,SantiagotookhisboatfaroutintotheGulfStream,wherethewaterisverydeep,andhookedagiantmarlinfishwhichwasevenlongerthanhisfishingboat.9.(2022·山西大學附中月考)Chinafirstoverpassforwildlifemigrationhasalreadycomeintouse.Thebridgelying(lie)overthenewlyconstructedNationalHighway214isabletolinkanimalhabitatsseparated(separate)bytheroad.It’sabouttwoyearssincethenationalhighwaybegananditisdesignedwithenvironmentalprotectionasatoppriority.10.(2022·皖南八校聯(lián)考)Theregionhasmountainouslandscape.Asaresult，themodernizationhasbeenslow，allowingmanypeopleto__keep(keep)theirtraditionallifestylesandcultures.11.(2022·河北石家莊一模)Thankyousomuchfornotonlygivingmelife,butalsoteachmehowtobeagoodperson.teach→teaching12.(2022·河北名校聯(lián)考)Mybrotherwassofondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostayinganothercoupleofdays.staying→stay13.(2022·四川綿陽二診)Heshowedhismotherthebeautifulsnakeandbeggedhertolethimkeepingit.keeping→keep14.(2022·哈師大附中一模)Mostchildrenfeelfrightenwhentheyfirstgotoschool,becausetheyarenotfamiliarwithschoolatall.frighten→frightened15.(2022·山西四校聯(lián)考)Wemustfacethepresentsituationandtakeimmediateactiontosolvingourenvironmentalproblemstogether.solving→solve■層級二高考真題練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2021·浙江卷)Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameoverto__plant(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.2.(2021·全國甲卷)Itispossibleto__walk(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.3.(2021·全國甲卷)Afterspending(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!4.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyouraching(ache)legs.5.(2021·全國乙卷)Minimizetheimpactofvisiting(visit)theplace.6.(2021·全國乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andaccommodationsaimto__have(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.7.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearthcoming(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.8.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalking(walk)througharainforest.9.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.10.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Ilikeeatingfried(fry)tomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.Ⅱ.單句改錯1.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.forced后加to2.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”.cafe后加to3.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.manage→managing4.(全國卷Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.sell→selling5.(全國卷Ⅲ)Everyonewassilent，waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.wait→waiting6.(全國卷Ⅲ)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.eager后加to7.(全國卷Ⅲ)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.wear→wearing8.(全國卷Ⅱ)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.looks→looking9.(四川卷)We’vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.sing→singing10.(浙江卷)Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.sit→sitting■層級三語篇提能練Ⅰ.語法填空Poetryisabeautifulartform.Itspowerliesintheability1.____________(transform)ordinaryexperiencesbycapturingamomentoremotion.2.____________(write)poetryisaprivilegeandstruggle.Thatispartlybecauseweneedtocreateourselvesinanewwayof3.____________(observe)theworld,capturingmicroscopicmomentsasmaterialsforourwork.Mostofourtimeatthedeskisspent4.____________(struggle)withourimagination,andweknowthatasuccessfulpoemarrivesonthebackoffailure.Therearemomentswhenanideawillnottranslateontopaper.Yet,failureisgood,becauseevery5.____________(abandon)linewepainstakinglyremovepreparesusfortheripepoemaroundthecorner.答案1.totransform[ability,chance,wish等名詞常用不定式作后置定語，故填totransform。]2.Writing[分析句子結構