2025年大學(xué)《大學(xué)德語》專業(yè)題庫——德國文學(xué)家的自然觀察與描寫考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.在德國文學(xué)中，下列哪位作家最常被associatedwiththeconceptofthe"Wunderbare"(themarvelousorsupernatural)withinnature,oftenfoundintheworksoftheearlyGermanRomantics?A.JohannWolfgangvonGoetheB.HeinrichvonKleistC.NovalisD.GottholdEphraimLessing2.Thefamousline"DieNaturisteinewigweiblichesDing"(Natureisaneternallyfemininething)isattributedtowhichGermanphilosopherwhoseideassignificantlyinfluencedGermanRomanticism'sviewofnature?A.FriedrichSchillerB.GeorgWilhelmFriedrichHegelC.SamuelTaylorColeridge(thoughnotGerman,wasinfluential)D.JohannGottliebFichte3.InThomasMann'snovella"TonioKr?ger",thecharacterfindssolaceandexpresseshisaestheticsensibilitiesprimarilythroughhisobservationsofwhichnaturalenvironment?A.ThebustlingstreetsofMunichB.TheMediterraneancoastC.TheBlackForestD.ThecanalsofVenice4.WhichofthefollowingworksisrenownedforitsdetailedandoftencriticaldepictionofnatureasinfluencedbyindustrializationandsocialdecayinGermany?A.Goethe's"TheSorrowsofYoungWerther"B.HermannHesse's"Siddhartha"C.ThenovellasofGottfriedKeller,particularly"DergrüneHeinrich"D.ArthurSchnitzler's"Reigen"5.Theconceptofthe"Naturgefühl"(feelingfornature),emphasizinganintuitive,emotionalconnectionratherthanpurelyrationalobservation,ismoststronglyassociatedwithwhichliterarymovementinGermany?A.RealismB.NaturalismC.GermanRomanticismD.Expressionism6.InthecontextofGermanliterature,theterm"Stimmung"oftendescribesthemoodoratmospherecreatedbynature.Thisconceptisparticularlyprominentintheworksof:A.FranzKafkaB.TheBrothersGrimmC.HermannHesseD.TheRomanticpoetslikeNovalisandTieck7.Whichnaturalelement–oftendepictedaswild,untamed,andsometimesthreatening–frequentlysymbolizesfreedom,chaos,orthesubconsciousinGermanliteraryworks,especiallyfromtheRomanticperiodonwards?A.RiversandLakesB.ForestsandWoodsC.MountainsD.TheSea8.Whenanalyzingthenature描寫inGoethe's"Werther",oneshouldpaycloseattentiontohowthedescriptionoflandscapesoftenmirrorstheprotagonist's:A.ProfessionalachievementsB.PhilosophicaldebatesC.EmotionalstateandpsychologicalturmoilD.Socialstatusandfinancialstanding9.WhichGermanwriter,althoughoftencategorizedasRealist,isknownforhishighlysensitiveandoftenmelancholicportrayalsofnature,particularlytheBavarianAlps,inworkslike"DieWachtamRhein"(thoughprimarilyapoem,hisessaysonnaturearesignificant)?A.EduardM?rikeB.TheodorFontaneC.AdolfvonMenzelD.PaulHeyse10.ThedescriptionofnatureinFranzKafka'sworks,suchasin"TheMetamorphosis",isoftencharacterizedby:A.BeautyandharmonyB.OrderandpredictabilityC.Alienation,decay,andtheabsurdD.Idealizedpastoralpeace二、簡答題（每題5分，共20分）1.BrieflydescribethetypicalcharacteristicsofnatureimageryintheworksoftheGermanRomanticmovement,highlightingatleasttwokeyaspects.2.CompareandcontrasttheportrayalofnatureintheworksofJohannWolfgangvonGoetheandFriedrichSchiller.Focusontheirdifferentapproachesandpotentialunderlyingreasonsforthesedifferences.3.Explainthesignificanceofthe"Blütenlese"(flowergathering)motifinthepoetryofNovalis,particularlyinrelationtohisviewofnatureandtheconceptofthe"Blume"(flower)asasymbol.4.DiscussonemajorwayinwhichtheIndustrialRevolutionanditssocietalimpactsarereflectedinthedepictionofnatureinsome19th-centuryGermanRealistliterature.三、閱讀理解與分析（共30分）Passage1:*(Imagineashortpassagehere,approximately200-250words,writteninGerman,depictingasceneofnaturefromaGermanliterarywork.Itcoulddescribeaforest,amountainlandscape,afieldunderchangingskies,etc.,withaspecificmoodorcharacter'sperspectiveinmind.Thepassageshouldcontainelementssuitableforanalysis,suchasspecificdiction,imagery,andpotentiallyfigurativelanguage.)**Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthepassageprovidedabove:*1.(10points)Analyzethespecificwordchoices(Lexik)andimagery(Bildhaftigkeit)usedinthepassagetoevoketheparticularmoodoratmosphereassociatedwiththenaturalsetting.Discusshowthesecontributetotheoveralleffect.2.(10points)Identifyandexplainthefunctionofatleasttworhetoricaldevices(FigurativeSprache)usedinthedescriptionofnature.Howdotheyshapethereader'sunderstandingofthesceneorthecharacter'srelationshiptoit?3.(10points)DiscusshowthedescriptionofnatureinthispassagemightbeinterpretedasreflectingdeeperthemesorideascommoninGermanliterature,suchastherelationshipbetweenhumanityandthenaturalworld,thepowerofnature,ortheexpressionofinnerstates.四、論述題（20分）Chooseoneofthefollowingoptionsandwriteanessaydiscussingyourchosentopic.A.ExaminethecomplexroleoftheforestinGermanliterature,drawingexamplesfromatleasttwodifferentauthorsandperiods(e.g.,Novalis,Kleist,Kafka,oracontemporaryauthorifrelevant).Discusshowtheforestisusedsymbolicallyandthematically,andhowitsdepictionmighthaveevolvedacrosstime.B.Discussthesignificanceoflandscape,particularlyaspecifictypeoflandscape(e.g.,theAlpinelandscape,theRhinelandscape,theurbanlandscapeasakindof"unnatural"nature),intheworksofonemajorGermannovelist(suchasThomasMann,HermannHesse,orHermannBroch).Analyzehowthislandscapefunctionsthematically,reflectstheauthor'sconcerns,andcontributestotheoverallmeaningoftheirwork(s).---試卷答案一、選擇題1.C2.D3.C4.C5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.C二、簡答題1.IntheworksofGermanRomanticism,natureisoftenportrayedasamystical,spiritual,andemotionallyresonantforce.Itisfrequentlydepictedasbeautiful,wild,andpowerful,existingbeyondpurelyrationalexplanation.Romanticsoftensawnatureasasourceofinspiration,areflectionofthedivine,oraspacewheretheboundariesbetweenthehumanandthesupernaturalcouldblur.Theimageryfrequentlyinvolvesintensesensorydetailsandaimstoevokeastrongemotionalresponseor"Stimmung"(atmosphere).NatureisalsocloselylinkedtotheconceptoftheSublime,evokingfeelingsofawe,terror,andtranscendence.Furthermore,thenaturalworldoftenservesasabackdropforintrospectionandtheexplorationofsubjectiveexperiencesanddreams.2.GoetheandSchillerbothwroteaboutnature,buttheirportrayalsdiffersignificantly.Goetheoftendepictednatureasasourceofbeauty,harmony,andorder,sometimesreflectingtheidealizednaturalworldorservingasamirrortohumanemotions(asin*Werther*).Hisnatureisoftenaccessibleandevencommunicativewithhumanity.Schiller,influencedmorebyphilosophicalidealism,frequentlyusednatureinamoredynamicandoftenantagonisticway.Itcanrepresenttheforcesofchaosagainstwhichthehumanspiritmuststrive,oritcanbeasettingforphilosophicalcontemplationontherelationshipbetweenthenaturalandthespiritual(asin*TheRobbers*).ForSchiller,natureislessacomfortingpresenceandmoreastageforhumanmoralandintellectualendeavor.3.The"Blütenlese"(flowergathering)isahighlysignificantmotifinNovalis'spoetry,deeplyintertwinedwithhisphilosophyandviewofnature.Symbolically,thegatheringofflowerscanrepresentthecollectionofbeauty,inspiration,andthefleetingmomentsoflife.ItreflectstheRomanticidealofunitingwithnaturethroughsensitiveperceptionandintuitiveunderstanding.Novalisoftenassociatedflowers,particularlythenightingaleandthelilacinhis"HeinrichvonOfterdingen,"withtheconceptofthe"Blume"asamicrocosmoftheuniverse,embodyingdivinebeautyandcontainingdeepspiritualtruths.Blütenlesethusbecomesanactofconnectingwiththisspiritualdimensionofnature,apursuitoftheideal,andanattempttocapturetheessenceofbeauty,whichisoftendescribedasfeminineandlife-giving(*ewigweiblich*).4.Insome19th-centuryGermanRealistliterature,naturebegantoreflectthenegativeimpactsofindustrializationandsocietalchanges.AuthorslikeGottfriedKellerorTheodorFontanesometimesdepictedlandscapesthatwerescarredbypollution,deforestation,ortheencroachmentofurbandevelopment.Naturewasnolongerprimarilyasourceofbeautyorspiritualsolacebutcouldalsorepresentthedecayoftraditionalrurallife,thesocialalienationexperiencedbyindividualsinrapidlychangingsocieties,orthestarkcontrastbetweentheindustrializedcityandtheremainingnaturalcountryside.Thedepictionoftencarriedasenseofmelancholyorcriticism,portrayingnatureassufferingalongsidehumanityundertheweightofmodernprogressanditssocialconsequences.三、閱讀理解與分析*(Note:TheanalysisbelowassumesatypicalGermanliterarypassagedepictingnaturewithelementssuitableforthequestions.Sincetheactualpassageisnotprovided,theanalysisfocusesonthetypesofelementsandapproachesthatwouldbeexpected.)*1.(10points)Thepassagelikelyemploysspecificlexissuchas"dunkel","stürmisch","feuchter"tocreateasenseofgloomandintensity.Imageryfocusingondark,perhapsthicketedwoods,oraturbulentrivermightbeused.Thedictionwouldcontributetoanatmosphereofforebodingormelancholy.Similarly,imageryofdrippingleaves,mist,orasettingsuncouldenhancethesenseofisolationorintrospection.Thesechoicesworktogethertoshapethemood,makingitresonatewiththecharacter'spotentialinnerstateorthethematicconcernsofthework,suchasthepowerofnatureorthehumanstrugglewithinit.2.(10points)Rhetoricaldevicesmightincludepersonification,wherethewindisdescribedas"schreiend"(shouting)ortheforestas"grübelnd"(muttering),givinghumanqualitiestonatureandsuggestinganactive,perhapsmalevolentorcommunicativepresence.Metaphorcouldbeused,comparingtheforesttoa"Schlafmütze"(pillow)ortheskyto"leereAugen"(emptyeyes),creatingvividcomparisonsthatconveydeepermeaningbeyondtheliteraldescription.Thefunctionofthesedevicesistomakethenaturedescriptionmoredynamic,emotionallycharged,andsymbolic,linkingtheexternalscenedirectlytothepsychologicallandscapeofthecharacterorthework'sbroaderthemes.3.(10points)ThedescriptionmightbeinterpretedasreflectingthemescommoninGermanliterature.Forinstance,thedepictionofawildoruntamednaturalforcecouldechotheRomanticfascinationwiththeSublimeandtheideaofnatureasasourceofaweandterror.Itmightsymbolizetheprimal,oftenoverwhelmingforcesoflife,death,ortheunconsciousmind,contrastingwithhumancivilization.Alternatively,thespecificportrayalcouldhighlighttherelationshipbetweenhumanityandnatureasoneoftensionordependency,reflectinganxietiesaboutprogressorthelossofconnectionwiththenaturalworld.Theatmospherecreatedbythedescriptioncouldalsoservetomirrorthecharacter'sinternalstate–isolation,fear,tranquility,orlonging–demonstratingthedeepinterconnectionoftenexploredinGermanliterarytraditionbetweeninnerexperienceandtheexternalworld.四、論述題*(Note:Sincespecificpassagesarenotprovided,thefollowingoutlinesthestructureandtypesofargumentsthatwouldbeexpectedforeachoption.)*A.AnessayontheforestinGermanliteraturewouldlikelybeginbydefiningthesymbolicweightoftheforest,oftenasaliminalspace,asourceofbothdangerandmagic,andaplacefortransformation.Itwouldthenexaminespecificexamples:Novalis'sforestin*HeinrichvonOfterdingen*asagardenofdelightsandameetingplacewiththespiritoftherose;Kleist'sdark,threateningforestin*DasErdbebeninChili*;thedecaying,alienatingforestinKafka's*TheTrial*or*TheCastle*,reflectingthemoderncondition;orperhapsamoreserene,spiritualforestinlaterworks.Theessaywouldanalyzehowtheportr