考點14初中時態(tài)基本考點

上￥命題趨勢

動詞的時態(tài)指的是謂語動詞用來表示動作或情況發(fā)生時的各種動詞形式。英語中一共有

16種時態(tài)，但在初中階段?？嫉臅r態(tài)有以下9種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、

現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、過去將來時。考查重

點集中在一般現(xiàn)在時在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中的用法、終止性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中不

能與for,since短語或從句連用、havebeento與havegoneto的用法以及在具體語境中動詞的

用法等。

在知識導(dǎo)圖

在重與考向

動詞的時態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、

一般將來時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時

1）一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語是I,we,you,they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時作謂語的行為動詞用原形。主語是he,she,it

和名詞單數(shù)時，作謂語的行為動詞的詞尾變化如下：

一般情況+s

以s,x,ch,sh或o結(jié)尾+es

以輔音+y結(jié)尾去y變i+es

2）一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以be和like為例）:

主語肯定式否定式疑問式

Iamastudent.Iamnotastudent.Areyouastudent.

We/You/TheyareWe/You/TheyarenotAreyou/theystudents?

第一、二人稱和第三人students.students.Ishe/sheastudent?

稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)He/Sheisastudent.He/Sheisnotastudent.

I/Wc/You/They/don'tDoyou/theylikemusic?

I/We/You/They/likemusic.Domanypeoplelikemusic?

likemusic.Manypeopledon'tlike

Manypeoplelikemusic.

music.

3）一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的用法：

現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作。例如：

Igetupatsixeverymorning.

Heplaystennisonceaweek.

現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)例如：

Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.

客觀真理例如：

Theearthgoesaroundthesun.

4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的時間狀語：

oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。

例題解析:

1.MayIhelpyou,sir?

Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit.

A.didn'tworkB.doesn'tworkC.won'tworkD.can'twork

2.thebusuntilit.

A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don'tgetofT,stopsD.Don'tgetoff,willstop

3.The70yearoldmanexercisesinthemorning.

A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willlake

2.現(xiàn)在進行時

1）現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成：am/is/are+ving是現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成形式

ving現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：

一般情況+ing

以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ing+ing

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞去e+ing

以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母時.雙寫詞尾字母+ing

2）現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:

主語肯定式否定式疑問式

第一、二人稱Iamdriving.Iamnotdriving.Areyoudriving?

和第三人稱復(fù)He/She/Itisworking.He/She/ItisnotIshe/she/itworking?

數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)We/You/Theyaredoingworking.Areyou/iheydoing

數(shù)something.Wc/You/Theyarenotsomething?

doinganything.

3）現(xiàn)在進行時的用法：

I.說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作（動作是在說話時正在進行）。例如：

Sheishavingabathnow.

2.現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作（但是動作并不是必須在說話時正在進行）。例如：

Youareworkinghardtoday.

KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.

Thepopulationof（heworldisgrowingveryfast.

頻度副詞always,forever等詞連用時，表示某種強烈的感情。如：

Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.（表示欣賞，表揚）

表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作（僅限于go,e,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等動詞）。如:

Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o'clock.

6）常用于現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的時間狀語：now等。

oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。

例題解析:

1.1don'tthinkthatit'strue.She'salwayslies.

2）一般過去時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以be和like為例）:

主語肯定式否定式疑問式

Iwasastudent.Iwasnotastudent.Wereyouastudent.

We/You/TheywereWe/You/TheywerenotWereyou/they

第一、二人稱和第三students.students.students?

人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞He/Shewasastudent.He/ShewasnotaWashe/sheastudent?

復(fù)數(shù)student.

I/We/You/They/likedI/We/You/They/Didyou/theylike

music.didn'tlikemusic.music?

ManypeoplelikedManypeopled:dn'tlikeDidmanypeoplelike

music.music.music?

3）一般過去時的用法；

1.過去發(fā)生的動作。例如：

Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.

2.過去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：

Theyweren'tabletoebecausetheyweresobusy.

3.常用于一般過去時的時間狀語：

yesterday,threemonthsago,lastyear,in1979,often,always等。

例題解析:

1.Mr.Mottisout.Buthehereafewminutesago.

A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe

2.Hi,Tom.

Hello,Fancy.Iyouwerehere.

A.don'tknowB.won'tthinkC.thinkD.didn'iknow

3.HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI.

A.eB.wouldeC.eD.hade

5.現(xiàn)在完成時

1）現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：have/has+ving

2）現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以be和see為例）:

主語肯定式否定式疑問式

I/We/You/TheyhaveI/We/You/TheyHaveyou/theybeen

beenherebefore.haven'tbeenhereherebefore?

第一、二人稱和第三人He/Shehasbeenherebefore.Hashe/shebeenhere

稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)before.He/Shehasn'tbeenbefore?

.1/We；You/They/herebefore.Haveyou/they/many

Manypeoplehaveseen.1/Wc/You/They/peopleseenthefilm?

thefilm.Manypeoplehaven't

seenthefilm.

現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：

1、表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與already,just,ever,never,before等詞連用.如：

Shehasneverreadthisnovel.他從未讀過這本小說.（他對小說的內(nèi)容不（解）

2、表示“過去的動作”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去.常與for（后跟段時間）或since（后跟點時間）

等連用.如:

IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.

IhavebeenamemberofthePanysince10yearsago.

注：在有for和since引導(dǎo)時間狀語的句子中不能用短暫性動詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如：

Hehasdiedfor3years.（F）

Hehasbeendeadfor3ycars.（T）

注意：①現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示明確的過去時間連用。如：in1998,Iasimorning等

（2）havc/hasbeento表示“去過”（去了又回來了）

have/hasgoneto表示“去過“（去了沒回來了）

如：Wherehasshegone?（句中所指的人不在）

Wherehasshebeen?（句中作指的人在）

例題解析:

1.Howlongheafever?

Eversincelastnight.

A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have

2.Mybowlisempty.Whoallmysoup?

A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drank

3.Iyouforalongtime.Whereyou?

A.Didn'tseen;did,goB.didn'tsee;have,gone

C.haven'tseen;have,beenD.haven'tseen;havegone

6、過去進行時

I）過去進行時的構(gòu)成：was/were+ving

2）過去進行時的用法：

過去某一階段或某一時刻正在進行的動作。例如：

ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.

Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight?

3）常用干過夫進行時的時間狀語：

atfouryesterdayafternoon*then,atthattimc/momcnt等。

例題解析:

Daddypromisedmehemeaputer

A.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy

7、過去完成時態(tài)

1）過去完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成：

肯定式：had+動詞的過去分詞

否定式：hadn't+動詞的過去分詞

疑問式：Had…+動詞的過去分詞

簡略回答:Yes,主+have/hashad.

No,主+had現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

過去完成時的用法：

1、表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作。他表示的時間是“過去的過去”常與bylast

year,by（hetimeofyesterday,等連用。如：

Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.

WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.

Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.

2、表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。常與for（后跟段時間）或since（后跟

點時間）等連用.如：

Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.

例題解析:

I.HeinShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforeheBeijing.

A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,went

C.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone

2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssinceheagooddrink.

A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy

3.XiaoPeisaidsheHainanfor3months.

A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto

區(qū)跟蹤ijll練

1.（2022?上海嘉定?二模）Asalocaljournalist,Johnbigeventsofthecityeveiyday.

A.willreportB.reportsC.wasreportingD.reported

2.（2022?上海徐匯?模擬預(yù)測）一Excuseme,canIhaveawordwithDoctorSmith?

一['msorry.DoctorSmithonapatientatthemoment.

A.isoperatingB.operatedC.hasoperatedD.willoperate

3.（2022?上海崇明?一模）Lynn________.abiketoworkonweekdays.Shethinksitcanhelpprotectthe

environment.

A.rideB.ridesC.rodeD.hasridden

4.（2022?上海奉賢?一模）After1028days,MengWanzhoufinally________homeonSeptember25,2021.

A.returnedB.hasreturnedC.willreturnD.hadreturned

5.（2022.上海.模擬預(yù)測）Dart_________thebestmomentofhercareeratWimbledonin2019.

A.enjoysB.enjoyedC.hasenjoyedD.willenjoy

6.（2022?上海金山?二模）Jenny________theviolinnow,andshewillgiveaperformanceintheschoolconcert

nextFriday.

A.playsB.playedC.willplayD.isplaying

7.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）Thelady________awalkalongthestreetwhenacarhitherfrombehindlastnight.

A.tookB.wastakingC.hastakenD.hadtaken

8.（2022?上海閔行?二模）JackandRose.________eachotherandcontactedforalonglime.

A.knowB.knewC.haveknownD.hadknown

9.（2022.卜海楊浦?二模）I________allHarryPotterbookshythetimeIwasten!

A.readB.havereadC.wouldreadD.hadread

10.（2022?上海閔行?二模）Myfathertheundergroundtoworkonweekdays.Heisagreenconsumer.

A.takeB.takesC.tookD.hastaken

11.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）一Haveyouhadyourdinneryet,Mary?

—Yes,Ihave.Myfatheritforme.

A.wascookingB.havecookedC.willcookD.cooked

12.（2022」：海浦東新?二模）Janetwassotired.Shelaydownonthesofaandsoonasleep.

A.fallsB.fellC.willfallD.hadfallen

13.（2022?上海奉賢?九年級期中）Oh,myGod.Imydictionaryinthereadingroomjustnow.

A.forgetB.forgotC.leftD.leave

14.（2022?上海普陀?九年級期中）I'msorryyou'vemissedthetram.Ittenminutesago.

A.leavesB.leftC.hasleftD.willleave

15.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）Ifyounervousbeforeexams,youcantakeadeepbreathandcalmyourself

dov/n.

A.isgettingB.willgetC.getD.got

16.（2022?上海浦東新?一模）1'vcheardthatTomavisittohisdisabledfathertwiceaweek.

A.paysB.paidC.willpayD.haspaid

17.（2022?上海市曹楊中學(xué)附屬學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測）Thesportsmansuddenlydownwhilehewas

runningthe1.500meterrace.

A.wouldfallB.fellC.wasfallingD.hadfallen

18.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）—MayIspeaktoLily?

—Sorry,shethelibrary.Butsheinanhour.

A.hasbeento,willebackB.hasgoneto,willbeback

C.hasgoneto,won^bebackD.hasbeento,won'teback

19.（2022?上海嘉定?三模）Don'tworry.IyouassoonastheplanelandssafelyinBritain.

A.iscallingB.willcallC.hascalledD.called

20.（2022?上海靜安?二模）Whiletheyoungmum,herbabysuddenlycriedinthebedroom.

A.cookedB.wascookedC.wascookingD.wouldcook

在模擬檢測

21.（2022?上海浦東新?二模）Thetwoboysalongthelakewhentheyheardaloudcryforhelp.

A.walkB.werewalking

C.willwalkD.hadwalked

22.（2022?上海徐匯?二模）一1wasatapctshopatthreeo'clockyesterdayafternoon.Whataboutyou?

—Iakiteinthepark.

A.flewB.willflyC.areflyingD.wasflying

23.（2022?上海黃浦?二模）Hewasstillworkingontheproblemwhilehisclassmatesarestinthenext

room.

A.arehavingB.havehadC.werehavingD.wouldhave

24.（2022?上海黃浦?二模）Richardashowerwhenthelightsuddenlywentoutlastnight.

A.wastakingB.tookC.takesD.willtake

25.（2022?上海,模擬預(yù)測）TinaandTomwitheachotherhappilyontheInternetthistimeyesterday.

A.arechattingB.willchatC.havechattedD.werechatting

26.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）一Didyounoticetheteachercin?

一No,Ididn'tbecauseIEnglish.

A.practicedreadingB.havepracticedreading

C.waspracticingreadingD.ampracticingreading

27.（2022?上海浦東新?一模）Thistimeyesterday,Itomynewclassteacher.

A.speaksB.spokeC.isspeakingD.wasspeaking

28.（2022?上海普陀?九年級期中）ThespecialhotelinHainanmanytouristssinceitsopening.

A.attractB.attractedC.hasattractedD.willattract

29.（2022?上海長寧?二模）Cathyandherfriends2.000yuanforthehomelessanimalssincethe

beginningofMarch.

A.raiseB.raisedC.haveraisedD.hadraised

30.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）Ben'ssingingskillsalotsincehejoinedthesinginggroup.

A.improveB.haveimprovedC.improvedD.hadimproved

31.（2022?上海嘉定?模擬預(yù)測）Allofusgreatprogresssincewcstartedjuniorhighschool.

A.makeB.madeC.havemadeD.willmake

32.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）一Amy,youmustbehungryafterwaitingforusforsuchalongtime.

一Don'tworry.Isomecookiesalready.

A.ameatingB.willeatC.waseatingD.haveeaten

33.（2022?上海長寧?二模）ImetTonylastTuesday.Weintouchwitheachotherforabout2years.

A.didn,tkeepB.haven'tkeptC.weren'tkeepingD.hadn'tkept

34.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）Bytheendoflastyear,Benasapostmanfortenyears.

A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.willworkD.works

35.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）Bytheendoflastyear,mostofusthefreevaccine（疫苗）.

A.willgetB.wouldgetC.hasgotD.hadgot

36.（2022?上海?一模）Mumwassurprisedtofindherlittlesonallhersuitcasesalready.

A.waspackingB.haspackedC.hadpackedD.wouldpack

37.（2022?上海金ill?二模）Myelderbrotherasasystemengineerinthepanysincefiveyearsago.

A.workedB.willworkC.hasworkedD.hadworked

38.（2022?上海浦東新?二模）Lisafeltveryhappyasshewellinareadingcontestthedaybefore.

A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.haddone

39.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）Bythetimewetherailwaystation,thetrainfortenminutes.

A.gotto;hadbeenawayB.reached;hadleft

C.arrived;hadbeenawayD.arrivedat;hasleft

40.（2022?上海?模擬預(yù)測）Howlongthefilmwhenhegottothecinema?

A.did;beginB.has;begun

C.had;beenonD.had;begun

存真題過關(guān)

1.（2014?上海?中考真題）AuntLucywilltellussomethingabouthertriptoAustraliawhenshe.back.

A.cameB.es

C.wouldcD.willc

2.（2022?上海?中考真題）ThenewrestauranttwosurveysonitsfoodandservicesinceJune.

A.isdoingB.willdoC.didD.hasdone

3.（2022?上海?中考真題）ThethreeChineseastronautssafelyfromspaceonApril16.2022.

A.returnedB.arereturningC.havereturnedD.hadreturned

4.（2020?上海?中考真題）Theancienttownhasbeenopentovisitors.abouttenyears.

A.byB.forC.onD.though

5.（2014上海葉考真題）SusanandLily.tomatoesandothervegetablesonthefarmthistimeyesterday.

A.pickB.arepickingC.willpickD.werepicking

6.（2021.上海?中考真題）Theamusementparkhasreceivedmanyvisitors,?

A.hasitB.hasn'titC.doesitD.doesn'tit

7.（2021.上海?中考真題）Lastweekend,Davidavisittohisgrandparentsinthecountryside.

A.paysB.C.willpayD.haspaid

8.（2021?上海?中考真題）Theheadmasterisnotavailablenow.Hetothenewteachers.

A.speaksB.spokeC.isspeakingD.wasspeaking

9.（2019?上海?中考真題）Look!They.aboutthesolutiontotlienetworkproblemsagain.

A.argueB.arearguingC.arguedD.werearguing

10.（2018?上海?中考真題）Thedebateonwhethertokeeppets.fortyminutesyesterdayafternoon.

A.lastB.lastedC.willlast