Unit4NaturalDisasters

單元話題閱讀理解練習(xí)

(2023春?云?南?高一統(tǒng)考期末)Earthquakeforecastingisoneofthemostancientskillsknowntomankind.

FromancientGreeceto(hepresentday,countlessscientistshavetriedtodeveloptoolstopredictearthquakes.

Theirattemptsusuallyfocusedonsearchingforreliableevidencesofingquakes.

However,therearemanyreasonswhypredictingquakesissohard.tlWedon'tunderstandsomebasicphysics

ofearthquakes/5saidEgill,aresearchprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Scientistshavealso

attemptedtocreatemathematicalmodelsofmovement,butpreciselypredictingwouldrequiregreatmappingand

analysisoftheEarth'scrust.Otherchallengesincludealackofdataontheearlywarningsigns,giventhatthese

warningsignsarenotyetentirelyunderstood.Actually,realearthquakepredictionisverysimilartothediagnosis

ofpotentialhumanillnessesbasedonobservingandanalyzingeachpatient'ssignsandsymptoms.Asitturnsout,

quakepredictionisextremelydifficult.

ManysourcesshowthatearthquakeforecastingwasarecognizedscienceinancientGreece.AncientGreeks

livedveiyclosetonatureandwereabletodetectunusualphenomenaandforecastearthquakes.Thefirstknown

forecastwasmadebyPhcrccydcsofSyrosabout2500yearsago:hemadeitashescoopedwaterfromawelland

noticedthatusuallyverycleanwaterhadsuddenlybeemuddy.Indeed,anearthquakeoccurredtwodayslater,

makingPherecydesfamous.Nowadays,seismicandremotesensingmethodsareconsideredtohave(hegreatest

potentialintermsofsolving(heearihquakepredictionproblem.

Currently,leiTaSeismiccanidentifyaforthingearthquakewithahighlevelofconfidence.Generally,Terra

Seismicdoesnotpredictaquakeiftheearthquake'sepicenterislocatedbeyondadepthof40kmFortunately,

suchquakesarealmostalwaysharmless,sincequake'senergyreducesbeforereachingtheEarth'ssurface.

^Scientistshavetriedeverypossiblemethodtotrytopredictearthquakes,nBruneausaid."Nobodyhasbeenable

tocrackitandmakeabelievableprediction.”

1.Whatdoweknowaboutearthquakeforecasting?

A.Scientistshavebeenpassionateaboutaccuratelypredictingearthquakes.

B.Aslongasenoughdataiscollected,earthquakescanbepred.cted.

C.Mathematicalmodelsofmotioncansimulateandpredictearhquakes.

D.Scientistshavenotye(fullystudiedthestructureofearthquakes.

2.HowdidPherecydessuccessfullypredictearthquakes?

A.Byseismicandremotesensingmethods.

B.Byobservingunusualnaturalphenomena.

C.Bylivinginseismiczonesthroughouttheyear.

D.Bylookingintodataontheearlywarningsigns.

3.WhatwasBruneau'sopinionaboutthecurrentmethodsofearthquakeprediction?

A.HestronglybelievediheTerraSeismiccansolvethedifficultproblem.

B.Hewassurethathumanscouldaccuratelypredictearthquakesinthefuture.

C.Heconsidereditharmlesstohumansforanearthquakedeeperthan40km.

D.Hethoughtthatscientistshadnoreliablemethodtopredictearthquakes.

4.Whichquestiondocsthisarticlefocuson?

A.Whydohumanspredictearhquakes?

B.Howtoprotecioneselfduringanearthquake?

C.Whatmethodscanbeused（oforecastearthquakes?

D.Whentoachieveaccurateearthquakeforecasting?

（2022秋?云南昆明?高一統(tǒng)考期末）Doyouknowhowtoprepareforandsurviveamajorearthquake?

AccordingtoDepartmentofConservationscientists,itisimportanttohavetherightanswertothatquestion.

HowtoBePrepared

Electricity,water,gas（煤氣）andtelephonesmaynotbeworkingafteranearthquake.Thepoliceandfire

departmentsarclikelytobetiedup.Youshouldbepreparedtofendforyourselfforatleastthreedays,preferably

fbraweek.You'llneedfood,waterandsoon.It?salsoagoodideatodecideaheadoftimehowandwhereyour

familywillreuniteifseparatedduringaquake.Youmightchooseanoutoftheareafriendorrelativethatfamily

memberscancalltocheckonyou.

Ifyou'reindoors,staythere.Getunderadeskortable.Thekitchenisaparticularlydangerousspot.Ifyou're

inanofficebuilding,stayawayfromwindowsandoutsidewallsanddonotusetheelevator.Ifyou'reoutside,get

intotheopen.Stayclearofbuildings,powerlinesoranythingelsetliatcouldfallonyou.Ifyou'redriving,move

thecaroutoftrafficandstop.Avoidparkingunderoronbridgesoroverpasses.

AfteranEarthquake

Checkforfire.Ifyousmellgas,shutoffthemaingasvalve（閥）.Ifthere'ssignofdamagetoelectricalwiring,

shutoffthepoweratthecontrolbox.Ifthephoneisworking,onlyuseitincaseofemergency（緊急情況）.Avoid

drivingifpossibletokeepthestreetsclearforemergencyvehicles.Becarefulthatthingsmayfalloutof

cupboardswhenthedoorisopened,andalsothatchimneyscanbeweakenedandfallwithjustatouch.Listento

theradiofbrimportantinformationandinstructions.Rememberthataftershocks,sometimeslargeenoughtocause

damageintheirownrightgenerallyfollowlargequakes.Ifyouleavehome,leaveamessagetellingyourfriends

andfamilyyourlocation.

5.Whatisadvisedtodobeforeanearthquake?

A.Makingadatewithyourfamilythewayofreuniting.

B.Preparingenoughfoodformorethanaweek.

C.Makingsureofyourtelephonesinhand.

D.Callingyourdistantrelativestohelp.

6.Whatisthemainideaofparagraphthree?

A.Neverdrivewheninearthquake.B.Keepcahnwheninearthquake.

C.Neverrunawaywheninearthquake.D.Doanddon'tv/heninearthquake.

7.Whyisaskedtoclosethemainvalvesandcontrolboxes?

A.Toreducetheresources.B.Toavoid（hepossiblefire.

C.lbbettertheenvironment.D.Toavoidtheoutbreakofearthquake.

8.Whatwillwedoafteranearthquake?

A.It'sagoodideatodrivetoasafeplace.B.Staynearadoortoprotectyou.

C.Getholdofthelatestinformation.D.Calleveryoneiohelpyou.

（2023春?江蘇淮安?高?統(tǒng)考期中）Jasonandhisfatherweregoingto（hegrocerystorebycartopickup

someapples.Ithasbeenanunusualday.Theskywasdarkbuttherewerefewclouds.Astheydroveupthestreet,

therestartedtobearumbling（隆隆的）soundheardacrosstheground.

Jason'sfatherimmediatelyrealizedthatatornado（龍卷風(fēng)）wasing.HestoppedthecarandtoldJasontoget

outofthecarandmadetheirwaytotheclosestbuilding.By（histime（hewindwasblowingharder,andi（was

hardtoseeorhear.Debris（殘?。﹚asfallingallovertheplace.Jasoncouldn'tseehisdadanymore.Healso

realizedthathewasn'tgettingtothebuildingfastenough.Hewasafraidthathewouldbepickedupbythewind

andthrownintotheair.

Ashemadehiswaytowardsthebuilding,henoticedafieldtohisright.Hecouldseeanirrigationditch（灌

溉渠）.Inapanic,hescrambled（爬）totheditchandlayflatontheground.Moredebrisandobjectsflew

overhead.

Hisheartwasbeatinghard,andhewasnervous.Hehadneverbeeninatornadobefore.Afterawhile,（he

windsdieddownandtheloudroaringsoundwasgone.Jasonslowlyliftedhisheadandnenouslylookedaround.

Whathesawwasagreatmess.Jasoncouldhardlyrecognizethebuildingsinfrontofhimbecauseofallthe

damage.

Hestoodupandwithshakylegswalkedtothebuilding.Oncethere,hepushedthedooropenandwentinside.

theHoustonChronicle.Thespokesmansaidthatthisweek'srainis'notinanywayaHarveylevelevent.”

Buttheworstmaynotbeoveryet.PeoplewillhaveabreakfromtheheavyrainonWednesday.Accordingto

theNationalWeatherService,theTexasGulfCoastwillcontinuetoexperienceheavyrainlaterintheweek.

“Todayshouldbeourquietestoverthenextfewdaysfbrrainfall,''saidDonOettinger,aNationalWeatherSenice

meteorologist（氣象學(xué)家）

HoustonFireChiefSamuelPeiawarned,“Asthereistoomuchwaterontheground,theseareperfect

conditionsfbrflashfloods,sowehopepeoplearecarefulofwhatihey'redoingandencouragethemtoslayhome.

There'snosenseinputtingyourselffirefightersoranybodyindangerneedlessly.

13.WhatareParagraphsIand2mainlyabout?

A.HurricanedamageinHouston.B.FloodpreventioninHouston.

C.HeavyfloodshittingHouston.D.PeoplefightingheavysnowinHouston.

14.WhatdoweknowaboutHurricaneHarvey?

A.Itcausednodeathsorinjuries.B.ItdidalotofdamagetoTexas.

C.Itwaslessseriousthanthisweek'srain.D.Itwasthebiggesthurricaneonrecord.

15.WhatcanwclearnfromtheweatherreportoftheNationalWeatherService?

A.Finedaysareing.B.Itwillrainnonstopforawholemonth.

C.Ahurricaneisunavoidable.D.Floodswillcontinue.

16.WhatdidSamuelsuggestlocalpeopledo?

A.Stayindoors.B.Joinfirefighters.

C.Giveupneedlessthings.D.fortthosewholosthomes.

（2022秋?四川遂寧?高一射洪中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Haveyoueverimaginedwhatwillhappenintheocean

whenanearthquakehappensunderground?Ifyou'veeverfeltabigearthquakeorseenoneontelevision,you

knowthatithasthepowertoshakethegroundandmovelargebuildings.Whenagreatearthquakehappensunder

theoceanfloor,theearthquake'slargeenergyistransferred（轉(zhuǎn)移）tothewateraboveit,creatingaseriesofwater

wavescalledatsunami（海嘯）.ThewordesfromtheJapanesewordstsu（harbor）andnami（wave）.

Normaloceanwaveshaveanaveragewavelength（波長）ofabout100metersandanaverageheightofabout

2meters,whileatsunamicanhaveawavelengthof193kilometersormore.Travellingatuptoabout800

kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters,whichmakesit

almostimpossibletobenoticed,evenfbrashipinthearea.

Asatsunamiapproaches（靠近）acoastline,thingsbegintochangegreatly.Asitapproachesshallow（淺的）

waters,thewavespeeddropsbelowabout80kilometersperhour.Thewavelengthalsodecreasesmuch,but

amplitude—theheightofthewave一increasesgreatly,leadingtothehugewallofwateralongcoastlines,which

causesgreatdamagetocoastalareas.

About80%oftsunamishappeninthePacificOcean.Tsunamiscannotbeprevented,butareasthat

experiencetsunamisregularlyhavedevelopedtsunamiwarningsystemstogiveasmuchadvancewarningas

possibletopeoplewholivealongthecoastline.Forexample,therearctsunamiwarningsignsandwarningsirens

（警報(bào)器）onthetopofnearbyhillsalongJapanesecoastlines.AndmanyJapanesecoastalmunitieshavebuilt

tsunamiwalls,floodgatesandotherstostoporchange（hedirectionofwaterfrominingtsunamis.

17.Accordingtothepassage,tsunamisarchardtofindmainlybecauseof.

A.（heirlowsoundB.theirlowheight

C.（heirfastspeedD.theirshortwavelength

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''decreases”inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Changes.B.Develops.C.Reduces.D.Produces.

19.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout.

A.howtostudytsunamis

B.wheretsunamisalwayshappen

C.whattsunamiwarningsystemsinclude

D.howtoreducedamagescausedbytsunamis

20.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theword“tsunami“esfiomJapanese.

B.Anearthquakeissuretocauseatsunami.

C.About80percentoftsunamishappeninJapan.

D.Tsunamiscanbestoppedbywarningsystems.

（2023春?廣東廣州?高一統(tǒng)考期末）wave...usandyearsago,theancientRomancityofCaesareahadthe

largestharborontheeasterncoastoftheMediterraneanSea.Itwasawonderofengineeringforitstime.Then

disasterstruck.Writtenrecordssayahugewavedestroyedtheharbor.Whatkindofwavecausedit?Diditally

happen?Noonehadeverfound（heevidenceof（hewave...untilnov/.

DrGoodmanispartofateamofscientistsstudyingsamplesatCaesareatofigureoutwhathappenedinthe

past.Asampleistakenbystrikingatubeintotheseafloor.Whenthetubeispulledup,itcontainssediments（沉淀

物jthathavecollectedontheseafloorforhundredsorthousandsofyears.Lookingdownthrough（hemixtureof

sand,stonesandothersedimentsislikelookingbackintime.

That'swhatDr.Goodmanwasdoingwhenshefoundsomethingastonishing.Itwasalayer（層）ofshells一

allcamefromthetimetheharborwasdestroyed.Dr.Goodmanknewthisshelllayerhadastorytotell.

Usually,shellsarepartofthemixtureofsedimentscollectedontheseafloor.Ashelllayerisasthinasyour

finger.YetDr.Goodmanwasstaringatalayernearly1meterthick!Almostalltheshellswerebroker.

Thethicklayerofbrokenshellsmeantasudden,powerfuleventswepttheseshellsintothearea.Thebroken

shellswereevidencethatahugewavereallydiddestroytheharbor.Dr.Goodmancouldeventellthedirectionof

thewavefromthewaytheshellslinedup.

Here'swhatDr.Goodmanthinkshappened.First,anearthquakestrucknorthofCaesareaalongthecoast.

Energyfromthemovementofrockduringtheearthquakecausedatsunami.Thishugewaveracedacrossthesand

andkickedupshellsalongthewayandbrokethemintopieces.Finally,thewavecrashedintotheharborand

destroyedit.

Dr.GoodmanplanstogatherevidenceforotherancienttsunamisalongtheMediterraneancoast.Thiswill

helpherpredictwhatareasarelikelytobestruckbyfuturetsunamis.Thenpeoplecanavoidbuildinginthese

areas.

21.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheCaesareaharbor?

A.Itwasthelargestintheworld.

B.Itwasdestroyedbyatsunami.

C.Itisamysterywhetheritexisted.

D.Itisstudiedbymanyengineersnow.

22.HowdidDr.GoodmanobtainthesampleatCaesarea?

A.Bystudyingunderwater.B.Byanalyzingthemixture.

C.Bydiggingforancientshells.D.Bycollectingsedimentsinatube.

23.Whichistheevidencetosolvethehistoricalmystery?

A.Thedirectionofthewave.B.Thediversityofsediments.

C.Thewaytheshellslinedup.D.Thethicklayerofbrokenshells.

24.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ShellsTelltheStoryB.ScientistsPredictDisasters

C.UnderwaterCluesforFutureD.SeaExplorationofMediterranean

（2023春?山東荷澤?高一統(tǒng)考期末）Humanscanracetogetoutofahurricane'spath.Someanimalscan

senseahurricaneingandleavequickly,butthereareanimalsthatcan'tsimplygetoutoftheway.Herearethe

variouseffectsofhurricanesonanimals.

Birdsmaybeabletosenseairpressureandotherchangesintheenvironment,whichencouragesthemtoget

outofharm'sway.Somebirdswillevenspeeduptheirmigration（遷徙）leavingearlierthanusualifaserious

hurricaneisapproaching.However,strongwindscanpushbirdshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirhome.Young

orweakbirdscanbeeseparatedfromtherestoftheirgroupandoftenhavedifficultymakingithome.

Fishcanalsobeaffected.AfterHurricaneAndrewin1992,about184millionfishdiedinsouthLouisiana's

AtchafalayaBasinalone.Strongwindsblewleavesofftrees,blowingthemintowetlands.Therotting（腐爛的）

organicmaterialtoextremelylowlevelsofoxygeninthewater,killingthefish.Somefishwilloftenfind

shelteredareasduringhurricanes,butthey'renotalwayssafe.Dolphinshaveoccasionallybeenblowntoshore

duringbighunicanes.

content.Heavyyotherdangersthatewithhurricanerelatedwater.Sharpriseofsaltwateronshorecanharm

wildlifeandplantsthatliveinthefreshwaterandcan'tbearthesaltcontent.Heavyraincanalsoaffectthebalance

offreshandsaltwaterinsonicareas,harmingthecreaturesthatliveinthem.

Manyanimalslosetheirregularfoodsupplywhenahurricanearrives,asstrongwindsandrainsdestroytrees

offmits,nutsandberries.DuringHurricaneAndrew,aboutonequartcrofLouisiana'spublicoysterseed（牡蠣種

苗jgroundsweredestroyed.BecausetheoysterswereanimportantfoodsourceforsomebirdsonLouisiana's

barrierIslands,thebirdssufferedmassdeathasadirectresultofthehurricane.

25.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?

A.Birdsareadaptingtoachangingclimate.

B.Birdscansensetheingofahurricane.

C.Birdsmigrateatcertaintimesofeveryyear.

D.Birds'habitatsarcdestroyedbyhurricanes.

26.WhatcausesfishinsouthLouisiana'sAtchafalayaBasintodieafterHurricaneAndrewin1992?

A.Poisonousleaves.B.Airpollution.

C.Alackofoxygen.D.Thelossofshelters.

27.Whatcouldbetheeffectofhurricanerelatedwater?

A.Oceanecosystemisdestroyed.

B.Seasaltproductionisreduced.

C.Manyanimalsmoveawayfromtheirhabitats.

D.Therewouldbelessfreshwaterontheearth.

28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefor（hetext?

A.Animalssuffermorethanhumansduringahurricane

B.Whathappenstoanimalsduringahumcanc?

C.Whydoanimalsmigrateearlierthanusual?

D.Animalsmightfaceseriousthreats

（2023春?四川成都?高一石室中學(xué)?？计谀〢gainstthesuppositionthatforestfiresinAhska,Canada

andSiberiawarmtheclimate,scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallow

moresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.

Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfirestolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegases

maywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.Usuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthspastdecade.

Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarming,firesmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasa

resultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarming,whileheatmirroredbackinto

spacetendstogiverisetocooling.

Thisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownonhernfiresinfluenceclimate.Earlierstudiesbyother

scientistshavesuggestedthatfiresinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfrom

burningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.

Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefire,largeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereand

causedwarming.Ozone（臭氧）levelsincreased,andashfromthefirefellonfaroffseaicc,darkeningthesurface

andcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaof

thefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirrored

moresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.

“Weneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.”

Scientiststracked（hechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaconsequenceof

thefire,andfoundameasurementcloselyrelated（o（heglobalairtemperature.Typically,fireinnorthernregions

occursinthesameareaevery80to150years.Scientists,however,foundthatwhenfireoccursmorefrequently,

moreradiationislostfromtheearthandcoolingresults.Specifically,theydeterminedwhenfirereturns20years

earlierthanpredicated,0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhouse

gases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospaceI'hcneteffectiscooling.Wattsarcusedto

measuretherateatwhichenergyisgainedorlostfronitheearth.

29.Accordingtothenewfindings.thepreventionofnorthernforestfiresmay.

A.leadtoalongerfireseasonB.resultinawanningclimate

C.conservetheenvironmentthereD.causefrequentforestfires

30.Earlierstudiesaboutnorthernforestfires.

A.suggestthatthefireswillquickenclimatewarming

B.indicatethatforestfireswillpollutetheatmosphere

C.analyzeoverallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate

D.reveal(hatmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotecttheenvironment

31.Theunderlinedphrase“soakedup“inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.releasedB.absorbed

C.reflectedD.distributed

32.FromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiamay

A.warmtheclimateasthesuppositiongoes

B.helptogainmoreenergyratherthanreleasemoreenergy

C.destroylargeareasofforestsandpollutethefaroffseaice

D.reflectmoresunlightintospaceandthuscooltheclimate

參考答案:

1.A2.B3.D4.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了地震預(yù)報(bào)是古老的技能，解釋了地震預(yù)報(bào)困難的原因以及地

震預(yù)報(bào)的歷史和方法等。

I.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Earthquakeforecastingisoneofthemostancientskillsknowntomankind.From

ancientGreecetothepresentday,countlessscientistshavetriedtodeveloptoolstopredictearthquakes.（地震預(yù)

報(bào)是人類已知的最古老的技能之一。從古希月昔到今天，無數(shù)科學(xué)家試圖開發(fā)預(yù)測地震的工具。廠可知，從

.占希臘到今天，科學(xué)家們一直熱衷于準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測地震。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"ThefirstknownforecastwasmadebyPherecydesofSyrosabout2500yearsago:he

madeitashescoopedwaterfromawellandnoticedthatusuallyverycleanwaterhadsuddenlybeemuddy.

Indeed,anearthquakeoccurredtwodayslater,makingPhcrccydcsfamous.（大約2500年前,西羅斯的費(fèi)雷西德

斯成為第一個(gè)知名的頸測家C他在從井中舀水時(shí)注意到通常非常清澈的水突然變得渾濁C果然,兩天后發(fā)

生了一次地震，使費(fèi)雷西德斯成名。戶可推知，Pherecydes是通過觀察到井水變渾濁的自然異象預(yù)測的地

震，故選B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段末“'Scientistshavetriedeverypossiblemethodtotrytopredictearthquakes/

Bnineausaid.4Nobodyhasbeenabletocrackitandmakeabelievableprediction/（Bruneau說：'科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)

嘗試了各種可能的方法來預(yù)測地震。'布魯諾說?！疀]有人能夠破解它并做出可信的預(yù)測J）“可推知，Bruneau

認(rèn)為科學(xué)家沒有可靠的方法來預(yù)測地震。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Earthquakefbrecaslingisoneofthemoslancientskillsknownto

mankind.FromancientGreecetothepresentday,countlessscientistshavetriedtodeveloptoolstopredict

earthquakes.Theirattemptsusuallyfocusedonsearchingforreliableevidencesofingquakes.（地震預(yù)報(bào)是人類

己知的最占老的技能之一。從占希臘到現(xiàn)在，無數(shù)的科學(xué)家試圖開發(fā)預(yù)測地震的工具。他們的嘗試通常集

中在尋找可靠的地震前兆證據(jù)上.）”可知，文章說明了地震預(yù)報(bào)是古老的技能，解釋了地震預(yù)報(bào)困難的原因

以及地震預(yù)報(bào)的歷史和方法等，故本文的主旨是地震預(yù)報(bào)方法。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.A6.D7.B8.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講了在地震發(fā)生前如何做準(zhǔn)備；地震發(fā)生時(shí)以及地震發(fā)生后應(yīng)該采取什

么措施。

［詳解］1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段中"It'salsoagoodideatodecideaheadoftimehowandwhereyour

familywillreuniteitseparatedduringaquake.（如果在地宸中家人分離，提前決定如何以及在哪里團(tuán)聚也是一

個(gè)好土意。）”可知，在地震發(fā)生前，你要提前次定與如何與家人重聚。故選A。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三自然段'Ifyou'reindoors,staythere.Getunderadeskortable.Thekitchenisa

particularlydangerousspot.Ifyou'reinanofficebuilding,stayawayfromwindowsandoutsidewallsanddonot

usetheelevator.Ifyou'reoutside,getintotheopen.Stayclearofbuildings,powerlinesoranythingelsethat

couldfallonyou.Ifyou'redriving,movethecaroutoftrafficandstop.Avoidparkingunderoronbridgesor

overpasses.（如果你在室內(nèi)，待在那里。躲在桌子下面。廚房是一個(gè)特別危險(xiǎn)的地方。如果你在辦公樓，遠(yuǎn)

離窗戶和外墻，不要使用電梯。如果你在外面，就到戶外去。遠(yuǎn)離建筑物、電線或任何可能砸到你的東西。

如果你在開車，把車駛出車流并停車。避免在橋下或橋上停車。）“可知，第三段主要介紹了地震時(shí)該做與

不該做的事情。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四自然段中“Checkfbrfire.Ifyousmellgas,shutoffthemaingasvalve.Ifthere'ssign

ofdamagetoelectricalwiring,shutoffthepoweratthecontrolbox.］檢查是否起火。如果你聞到煤氣味,關(guān)閉

煤氣總閥。如果有電線損壞的跡象，請關(guān)閉控制箱的電源。）“可知，關(guān)閉主閥門和控制箱是為了避免火災(zāi)

的發(fā)生。故選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四自然段中“Listentotheradiofbrimportantinformationandinstructions4收聽收音機(jī),

了解重要信息和指示。）“可知，地震后我們要掌握最新的信息。故選C。

9.C10.C11.B12.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了杰森和爸爸平安地躲過一場龍卷風(fēng)的故事。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Jasonandhisfatherweregoingtothegrocerystorebycartopickupsomeapples.

Ithasbeenanunusualday.Theskywasdarkbuttherewerefewclouds.Astheydroveupthestreet,therestarted

tobearumbling（隆隆的）soundheardacrosstheground.”（杰森和他的父親開車去雜貨店買一些蘋果。這是

不尋常的一天。天空很黑，但很少有云。當(dāng)他們沿著街道行駛時(shí)，地面上開始傳來隆隆聲。）可知，杰森

和他的父親將開車去雜貨店買一些蘋果，而當(dāng)時(shí)天空很黑，當(dāng)他們沿著街道行駛時(shí)，地面上開始傳來隆隆

聲，可推知，本段主要介紹了故事發(fā)生的背景。故選C。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Bythistimethewindwasblowingharder,anditwashardtoseeorhear.Debris

（殘?。﹚asfallingallovertheplace.Jasoncouldn'tseehisdadanymore.M（這時(shí)風(fēng)刮得更大了,看不見也聽不

見,殘骸到處都是。杰森再也見不到他爸笆了。）第三段中“Moedebrisandobjectsflewoverhead.”（更多的

碎片和物體從頭頂飛過。）第四段中“Whathesawwasagreatmess."（他所看到的是一片狼藉。）這些細(xì)節(jié)都

說為J'龍卷風(fēng)的強(qiáng)大威力。選項(xiàng)C與文意相符，故選C。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中apples.Itdhisfatherweregoingtothegrocerystorebycartopickupsome

apples.lthasbeenanunusualday.Theskywasdarkbutthereweref?wclouds.”（杰森和他的父親開車去雜貨店

買一些蘋果。這是不尋常的一天,天空很黑）預(yù)示了龍卷風(fēng)即將到來。第二段中“BythistimeIhewindwas

blowingharder,anditwashardtoseeorhear.Debris（殘骸）wasfallingallovertheplace.Jasoncouldn'tseehis

dadanymore.Healsorealizedthathewasn'tgettingtothebuildingfastenough.n（這時(shí)風(fēng)刮得更大了，看不見

也聽不見。殘骸到處都是。杰森再也見不到他爸爸了。他也意識(shí)到他到:iA大樓的速度不夠快。）可知，龍

卷風(fēng)太大，杰森感覺自己很難抵達(dá)距離最近的大樓。第四段中“Afterawhile,thewindsdieddownandtheloud

roaringsoundwasgone."（過了一會(huì)兒,風(fēng)停了，響亮的咆哮聲也消失了。）說明龍卷風(fēng)結(jié)束了。第四段中“Jason

slowlyliftedhisheadandnervouslylookedaround.”（杰森慢慢抬起頭，緊張地環(huán)顧四周。）發(fā)生在龍卷風(fēng)結(jié)

束后。倒數(shù)第三段最后一句"Itwasempty,butJasoncouldhearnoisesfurtherinside.Hewalkedintothelarge

roomandsawhisdad.lieranacrosstheroomandgavehimabighug.”（里面是空的，但杰森能聽到里面的聲

音，他走進(jìn)大房間，看到了他的爸爸。他穿過房間，給了他一個(gè)大大的擁抱。）經(jīng)過尋找，杰森找到了他

的父親。以上細(xì)節(jié)講述了事情發(fā)展的順序，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意，故選B。

12.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了杰森和爸爸躲過一場突然而至的龍卷風(fēng)的故事，杰森通過自

我保護(hù)，在一處灌溉渠里，他平躺在地上躲過了災(zāi)難；與此同時(shí)，父親在一所損毀的公共建筑里躲過了龍

卷風(fēng)。經(jīng)過尋找，杰森最終和父親團(tuán)聚。根據(jù)最后,段中“Hedidhaveastorytotell!”（他確實(shí)有故事要講

給父親!）可推知，這里杰森要講給父親的故事應(yīng)是他如何在龍卷風(fēng)中死里逃生。故選A。

13.C14.B15.D16.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹一場風(fēng)暴襲擊了休斯敦，引發(fā)了大量降水和城市內(nèi)水位上漲，當(dāng)

地政府提醒人們未來幾天大雨天氣還將繼續(xù)，希望大家注意安全，盡量待在家里，不要將自己，消防員或

任何人置于不必要的危險(xiǎn)之中。

13.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第?段”AstonnhitHouston,Texas,onTuesday.Itbroughtheavyrainsandrising

floodwaters.ByTuesdaynight,somepartsofthecityhadreceived10inchesofrain.Policeandfirefighters

helpedpeoplemovetosafeplaces.Theyalsosavedpeoplefromcarsandbusesthatwerestuckonroads.（周二，

一場風(fēng)暴襲擊了德克薩斯州的休