2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解詞匯搭配與語境訓練試卷，詞匯運用提升考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Thedigitalagehastransformedthewayweconsumeinformation,andnowhereisthistransformationmoreevidentthanintherealmofnewsmedia.Traditionalprintnewspapers,oncetheundisputedarbitersofinformation,nowstruggleforrelevanceasonlineplatformshavebecometheprimarysourceofnewsformanypeople.Thisshifthasnotonlychangedthelandscapeofjournalismbuthasalsoraisedimportantquestionsaboutthefutureofcrediblenewsreporting.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsofthedigitalageonnewsmediaistheriseofsocialmediaasanewssource.PlatformslikeTwitter,Facebook,andInstagramhavebecomepopularforsharingnewsarticlesandvideos.Whilethishasmadeiteasierforpeopletostayinformed,ithasalsoledtothespreadofmisinformationandfakenews.Thespeedatwhichinformationtravelsonsocialmediaplatformsoftenoutpacestheabilityoffact-checkerstoverifyitsaccuracy,resultinginharmfulmisinformationreachingawideaudience.Anotherconsequenceofthedigitalageisthedeclineoftraditionalnewsoutlets.Asmorepeopleturntoonlinesourcesfortheirnews,printnewspapershaveseenasharpdeclineincirculation.Manyhavebeenforcedtoclose,layoffemployees,ormergewithothercompanies.Thishasledtoalossofdiversityinmediavoicesandareductionintheresourcesavailableforin-depthreporting.Despitethesechallenges,thedigitalagehasalsopresentedopportunitiesfornewsmediatoadaptandthrive.Manytraditionaloutletshavesuccessfullytransitionedtodigitalplatforms,offeringonlineversionsoftheirnewspapersanddevelopingnewbusinessmodels.Additionally,theriseofdigitaladvertisinghasprovidednewrevenuestreamsfornewsorganizations.Somehaveevenexploredinnovativeapproachestojournalism,suchasusingdatajournalismandinteractivestorytellingtoengageaudiencesinnewways.However,thefutureofnewsmediainthedigitalageremainsuncertain.Thecontinuedriseofsocialmediaandthepotentialforfurtherconsolidationinthemediaindustrycouldposesignificantchallengestothefutureofcrediblenewsreporting.Itiscrucialfornewsorganizationstofindwaystomaintaintheirindependenceandadheretoethicalstandardsinthefaceofthesechallenges.Questions:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemostsignificantimpactsofthedigitalageonnewsmedia?3.Whathasbeentheeffectoftheriseofsocialmediaontraditionalnewsoutlets?4.Whatopportunitieshasthedigitalagepresentedfornewsmedia?5.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutthefutureofnewsmedia?Passage2Inrecentyears,theissueofclimatechangehasbecomeincreasinglyurgent.Thescientificconsensusisclear:humanactivities,particularlytheburningoffossilfuels,arecontributingtoasignificantincreaseinglobaltemperatures.Thiswarmingtrendisleadingtoavarietyofenvironmentalproblems,includingmorefrequentandsevereweatherevents,risingsealevels,andthemeltingofpolaricecaps.Oneofthemostimmediateconsequencesofclimatechangeistheincreaseinextremeweatherevents.Heatwaves,droughts,floods,andhurricanesarebecomingmorecommonandmoreintense.Theseeventscanhavedevastatingconsequencesforbothhumanpopulationsandnaturalecosystems.Forexample,heatwavescancauseheatstrokeandotherheat-relatedillnesses,whiledroughtscanleadtowatershortagesandcropfailures.Anothersignificantimpactofclimatechangeistheriseinsealevels.Astheplanetwarms,polaricecapsandglaciersmelt,addingmorewatertotheoceans.Thisriseinsealevelsthreatenstoinundatecoastalcommunitiesandlow-lyingareas,displacingmillionsofpeopleandcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.Additionally,risingsealevelscanleadtothesaltwaterintrusionintofreshwatersources,furtherexacerbatingwaterscarcity.Themeltingofpolaricecapsalsohasfar-reachingconsequences.Thelossoficenotonlycontributestosealevelrisebutalsodisruptstheocean'scirculationpatterns.Thiscanhaveacascadingeffectonglobalweatherpatterns,leadingtomoreextremeweathereventsandalteringthedistributionofmarinespecies.ThelossoficealsohasasignificantimpactontheArcticecosystem,threateningthesurvivalofspeciessuchaspolarbearsandseals.Addressingclimatechangerequiresamultifacetedapproach.Reducinggreenhousegasemissionsisessential,andthiscanbeachievedthroughthetransitiontorenewableenergysources,theimprovementofenergyefficiency,andtheadoptionofsustainablepracticesinindustriessuchasagricultureandtransportation.Additionally,adaptationmeasuresareneededtohelpcommunitiescopewiththeimpactsofclimatechangethatarealreadyunderway.Thesemeasuresincludebuildingseawalls,developingdrought-resistantcrops,andcreatingmoreresilientinfrastructure.However,thechallengeofclimatechangeisglobalinnature,anditrequiresinternationalcooperationtoaddresseffectively.Governments,organizations,andindividualsallhavearoletoplayinmitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechangeandbuildingasustainablefutureforgenerationstocome.Questions:6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemostimmediateconsequencesofclimatechange?8.Whatistheeffectofthemeltingofpolaricecapsontheocean'scirculationpatterns?9.Whataresomeoftheadaptationmeasuresneededtocopewiththeimpactsofclimatechange?10.Whatistheauthor'smainmessageaboutaddressingclimatechange?Passage3Theroleoftechnologyineducationhasbeenatopicofincreasinginterestinrecentyears.Theintegrationoftechnologyintotheclassroomhasthepotentialtotransformthewaystudentslearnandengagewitheducationalcontent.However,theeffectivenessoftechnologyineducationisacomplexissue,anditsimpactcanvarydependingonhowitisimplemented.Oneofthemostsignificantbenefitsoftechnologyineducationistheabilitytoprovideaccesstoawealthofinformationandresources.Theinternet,inparticular,hasmadeitpossibleforstudentstoaccessinformationonvirtuallyanytopicfromanywhereintheworld.Thiscanhelptobroadenstudents'knowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldaroundthem.Additionally,onlineresourcessuchaseducationalvideos,interactivesimulations,andvirtuallabscanmakelearningmoreengagingandinteractive.Anotheradvantageoftechnologyineducationisthepotentialtopersonalizelearning.Technologycanbeusedtocreatecustomizedlearningexperiencesthatcatertotheindividualneedsandlearningstylesofeachstudent.Forexample,adaptivelearningsoftwarecanadjustthedifficultylevelofassignmentsbasedonastudent'sperformance,ensuringthattheyarealwayschallengedbutnotoverwhelmed.Thiscanhelptoimprovestudentengagementandlearningoutcomes.Despitethesepotentialbenefits,therearealsochallengesassociatedwiththeintegrationoftechnologyintoeducation.Oneofthemainchallengesisthedigitaldivide,whichreferstothegapbetweenthosewhohaveaccesstotechnologyandthosewhodonot.Thisgapcanexacerbateexistinginequalitiesineducation,asstudentswhodonothaveaccesstotechnologymaybeatadisadvantagecomparedtothosewhodo.Additionally,thereareconcernsaboutthepotentialfortechnologytobeadistractionintheclassroom.Studentsmaybetemptedtousetheirdevicesfornon-educationalpurposes,whichcandisrupttheirlearningandthatoftheirpeers.Anotherchallengeistheneedforteacherstobetrainedtoeffectivelyusetechnologyintheclassroom.Technologycanbeapowerfultool,butitisonlyeffectiveifitisusedappropriately.Teachersneedtobetrainedtointegratetechnologyintotheirlessonsinawaythatenhancesstudentlearningandengagement.Thismayrequireprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiesandongoingsupportforteachers.Despitethesechallenges,thepotentialbenefitsoftechnologyineducationaresignificant.Whentechnologyisusedeffectively,itcanhelptocreatemoreengaging,personalized,andinclusivelearningenvironments.Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,itwillbeimportantforeducatorstoexplorenewwaystointegrateitintotheclassroomandtoaddressthechallengesthatcomewithitsuse.Questions:11.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemostsignificantbenefitsoftechnologyineducation?13.Whatisthedigitaldivide,andhowdoesitaffecteducation?14.Whatisoneofthemainchallengesassociatedwiththeintegrationoftechnologyintoeducation?15.Whatistheauthor'smainmessageabouttheroleoftechnologyineducation?Passage4Theconceptofhappinesshasbeenacentraltopicinphilosophy,psychology,andliteratureforcenturies.Despitetheenduringinterestinthesubject,however,thereisnosingle,universallyaccepteddefinitionofhappiness.Thishasledtoawiderangeoftheoriesandperspectivesonwhatconstitutesahappylife.Onecommonperspectiveonhappinessisthatitisprimarilyasubjectiveexperience.Thisviewholdsthathappinessisafeelingoremotionthatindividualsexperience,anditisdeterminedbytheirownthoughts,beliefs,andattitudes.Accordingtothisperspective,externalfactorssuchaswealth,success,andsocialstatusmayhaveanimpactonhappiness,buttheyarenotthesoledeterminants.Instead,itisone'sinternalstatethatisthekeytohappiness.Anotherperspectiveonhappinessisthatitisprimarilyasocialconstruct.Thisviewarguesthathappinessisdefinedandshapedbyculturalnormsandsocialexpectations.Differentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutwhatconstitutesahappylife,andtheseideascaninfluenceindividuals'perceptionsoftheirownhappiness.Forexample,someculturesmayplaceahighvalueonindividualachievementandsuccess,whileothersmayemphasizecommunityandsocialrelationships.Athirdperspectiveonhappinessisthatitisprimarilyapsychologicalstate.Thisviewholdsthathappinessisaresultofpositiveemotions,suchasjoy,contentment,andgratitude,andtheabsenceofnegativeemotions,suchassadness,anger,andfear.Accordingtothisperspective,happinesscanbecultivatedthroughpracticessuchasmindfulness,meditation,andpositivepsychologyinterventions.Despitethesedifferentperspectives,thereissomeevidencetosuggestthatcertainfactorsareassociatedwithhigherlevelsofhappiness.Thesefactorsincludestrongsocialrelationships,asenseofpurpose,andengaginginactivitiesthatonefindsmeaningful.Additionally,researchhasshownthatpracticinggratitude,engaginginactsofkindness,andfocusingonthepresentmomentcanallcontributetoincreasedhappiness.However,itisimportanttonotethatthepursuitofhappinessisacomplexandpersonaljourney.Thereisnosingleformulaforhappiness,andwhatbringshappinesstoonepersonmaynotbringhappinesstoanother.Itiscrucialforindividualstoexploretheirownvaluesandbeliefsandtofindwhatbringsthemasenseoffulfillmentandwell-being.Questions:16.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonecommonperspectiveonhappiness?18.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesubjectiveperspectiveonhappinessandthesocialconstructperspective?19.Accordingtothepsychologicalperspectiveonhappiness,whataresomefactorsthatcontributetohappiness?20.Whatistheauthor'smainmessageaboutthepursuitofhappiness?PartIITranslationDirections:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hasraisedconcernsaboutitspotentialimpactonthejobmarket.WhileAIhasthepotentialtoautomatecertaintasksandincreaseefficiency,italsoposesathreattojobsthatrelyheavilyonroutinemanualorcognitiveprocesses.ThishasledtofearsthatAIcouldleadtowidespreadjobdisplacementandexacerbateincomeinequality.However,itisimportanttoacknowledgethatAIisalsocreatingnewjobopportunities.AsAItechnologycontinuestoevolve,itisgeneratingdemandfornewskillsandroles,suchasAIdevelopers,datascientists,andmachinelearningengineers.Thesejobsrequireadifferentsetofskillsthantraditionaljobs,includingtheabilitytoworkwithcomplexalgorithms,analyzelargedatasets,anddevelopAIsystems.Inadditiontocreatingnewjobs,AIisalsotransformingexistingjobs.Manyjobsthatpreviouslyrequiredhumanjudgmentanddecision-makingarenowbeingaugmentedbyAIsystems.Forexample,AIisbeingusedtoassistdoctorsindiagnosingdiseases,tohelpfinancialadvisorsmakeinvestmentdecisions,andtoguidecustomerservicerepresentativesinhandlinginquiries.Thiscanleadtoincreasedproductivityandefficiency,butitalsorequiresworkerstoadapttonewwaysofworkingandcollaboratewithAIsystems.ToprepareforthefutureofworkintheageofAI,itiscrucialforindividualstodeveloptheskillsandknowledgethatwillbeindemand.ThisincludesnotonlytechnicalskillsrelatedtoAIbutalsosoftskillssuchascriticalthinking,problem-solving,andcommunication.Additionally,educationalinstitutionsandgovernmentsneedtoadapttothechangingjobmarketbyprovidingtrainingandeducationprogramsthatprepareworkersforthejobsofthefuture.Inconclusion,theimpactofAIonthejobmarketiscomplexandmultifaceted.WhileAIhasthepotentialtodisplacecertainjobs,italsocreatesnewopportunitiesandtransformsexistingjobs.ThekeytonavigatingthefutureofworkintheageofAIistodeveloptheskillsandknowledgethatwillbeindemandandtoadapttothechangingnatureofwork.試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionQuestions:1.A解析思路：第一段首句點明數(shù)字時代改變了信息消費方式，第二段指出這一變化在新聞媒體領域尤為明顯，接著闡述其影響和問題。全文圍繞數(shù)字時代對新聞媒體的影響展開，故A項（數(shù)字時代對新聞媒體的影響）為正確答案。B項（社交媒體的作用）是文章討論的一部分，但非主旨。C項（傳統(tǒng)媒體的衰落）也是影響之一，但非最核心。D項（數(shù)字廣告的興起）是應對策略，非主旨。2.B解析思路：第二段明確指出社交媒體作為新聞來源的崛起是數(shù)字時代對新聞媒體最顯著的影響之一，并詳細論述了其帶來的信息傳播速度快、核實難、假新聞泛濫等問題。故B項為正確答案。A項（數(shù)字平臺成為主要新聞來源）是背景，非直接影響。C項（傳統(tǒng)媒體衰落）是另一影響。D項（新聞媒體適應和繁榮）是應對措施。3.C解析思路：第三段闡述社交媒體的興起對傳統(tǒng)新聞outlets的影響，明確提到“morepeopleturntoonlinesourcesfortheirnews,printnewspapershaveseenasharpdeclineincirculation.Manyhavebeenforcedtoclose,layoffemployees,ormergewithothercompanies”。這直接說明傳統(tǒng)媒體面臨衰落，讀者流失，關閉、裁員或合并。故C項為正確答案。A項（獲得更多讀者）與文意相反。B項（發(fā)展在線業(yè)務）是部分媒體采取的措施。D項（探索創(chuàng)新方法）也是部分媒體的做法。4.D解析思路：第四段提到數(shù)字時代為新聞媒體提供了機遇，包括“successfullytransitionedtodigitalplatforms,offeringonlineversionsoftheirnewspapersanddevelopingnewbusinessmodels”以及“theriseofdigitaladvertisinghasprovidednewrevenuestreams”和“exploringinnovativeapproachestojournalism,suchasusingdatajournalismandinteractivestorytelling”。其中，開發(fā)新商業(yè)模式和數(shù)字廣告帶來新的收入來源直接體現(xiàn)了運用。故D項為正確答案。A項（適應和繁榮）是總體趨勢。B項（提供在線版本）是轉型方式。C項（與讀者互動）是創(chuàng)新方式之一。5.D解析思路：第五段最后一句指出“thecontinuedriseofsocialmediaandthepotentialforfurtherconsolidationinthemediaindustrycouldposesignificantchallengestothefutureofcrediblenewsreporting”，并強調“itiscrucialfornewsorganizationstofindwaystomaintaintheirindependenceandadheretoethicalstandardsinthefaceofthesechallenges”。這表明作者主要擔心社交媒體持續(xù)rise和媒體業(yè)furtherconsolidation對crediblenewsreporting的威脅，以及如何在挑戰(zhàn)中保持independence和ethicalstandards。故D項為正確答案。A項（傳統(tǒng)媒體的影響力）是已發(fā)生的變化。B項（數(shù)字廣告的收益）是機遇。C項（新聞業(yè)的創(chuàng)新）是應對方式。6.A解析思路：第一段首句提出“theissueofclimatechangehasbecomeincreasinglyurgent”，并指出科學共識和人類活動導致全球變暖。隨后段落具體闡述氣候變化的后果和應對措施。全文圍繞climatechange的緊迫性及其影響和應對展開，故A項（氣候變化問題）為正確答案。B項（全球變暖的原因）是文章部分內(nèi)容。C項（極端天氣事件）是氣候變化的一個后果。D項（國際合作的必要性）是應對措施之一。7.B解析思路：第二段明確提到“Oneofthemostimmediateconsequencesofclimatechangeistheincreaseinextremeweatherevents.Heatwaves,droughts,floods,andhurricanesarebecomingmorecommonandmoreintense”。這直接說明極端天氣事件的增加是氣候變化最直接、最明顯的后果之一。故B項為正確答案。C項（海平面上升）是另一個后果。D項（極地冰蓋融化）是導致海平面上升的原因之一。A項（環(huán)境問題）過于寬泛。8.C解析思路：第三段提到“Themeltingofpolaricecapsalsohasfar-reachingconsequences.Thelossoficenotonlycontributestosealevelrisebutalsodisruptstheocean'scirculationpatterns.Thiscanhaveacascadingeffectonglobalweatherpatterns”。明確指出冰蓋融化導致“ocean'scirculationpatterns”被破壞，進而影響全球天氣模式。故C項為正確答案。A項（海平面上升）是另一個后果。B項（全球天氣模式變化）是最終影響。D項（極地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破壞）也是后果之一。9.C解析思路：第四段明確提到“Addressingclimatechangerequiresamultifacetedapproach....Additionally,adaptationmeasuresareneededtohelpcommunitiescopewiththeimpactsofclimatechangethatarealreadyunderway”。接著列舉了具體措施，如“buildingseawalls,developingdrought-resistantcrops,andcreatingmoreresilientinfrastructure”。這些都是在氣候變化影響已發(fā)生的情況下，幫助社區(qū)應對的措施，即適應措施。故C項為正確答案。A項（減少溫室氣體排放）是減緩措施。B項（發(fā)展可再生能源）也是減緩措施。D項（國際合作）是總體策略。10.D解析思路：第五段前兩句指出氣候變化的挑戰(zhàn)是“globalinnature,anditrequiresinternationalcooperationtoaddresseffectively”。最后一句強調“Governments,organizations,andindividualsallhavearoletoplayinmitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechangeandbuildingasustainablefuture”。這表明作者認為氣候變化需要全球合作，政府、組織和個人都有責任。故D項（氣候變化需要國際合作和個人努力）為正確答案。A項（氣候變化的緊迫性）是文章背景。B項（減緩氣候變化的措施）是文章部分內(nèi)容。C項（可持續(xù)發(fā)展的未來）是目標。11.A解析思路：第一段首句提出“theroleoftechnologyineducationhasbeenatopicofincreasinginterestinrecentyears”，并指出其“potentialtotransformthewaystudentslearnandengagewitheducationalcontent”。全文圍繞technology在education中的角色、益處和挑戰(zhàn)展開，故A項（技術在教育中的作用）為正確答案。B項（技術提供資源）是益處之一。C項（技術造成挑戰(zhàn)）也是文章內(nèi)容。D項（技術個性化學習）是益處之一。12.B解析思路：第二段明確提到“Oneofthemostsignificantbenefitsoftechnologyineducationistheabilitytoprovideaccesstoawealthofinformationandresources.Theinternet,inparticular,hasmadeitpossibleforstudentstoaccessinformationonvirtuallyanytopicfromanywhereintheworld”。這直接說明技術提供豐富的信息資源是其最顯著的益處之一。故B項為正確答案。A項（技術個性化學習）也是益處。C項（技術提高效率）是益處之一。D項（技術促進互動）也是益處之一。13.C解析思路：第三段提到“Anotherchallengeoftheintegrationoftechnologyintoeducationisthedigitaldivide,whichreferstothegapbetweenthosewhohaveaccesstotechnologyandthosewhodonot.Thisgapcanexacerbateexistinginequalitiesineducation,asstudentswhodonothaveaccesstotechnologymaybeatadisadvantagecomparedtothosewhodo”。明確解釋了數(shù)字鴻溝是指擁有和使用技術的人與不擁有或不使用技術的人之間的差距，并指出這會加劇教育不平等，使沒有技術的人處于劣勢。故C項為正確答案。A項（教育資源分配不均）是結果。B項（技術使用障礙）是表現(xiàn)。D項（教育機會差異）是結果。14.C解析思路：第三段除了提到數(shù)字鴻溝，還提到“thereareconcernsaboutthepotentialfortechnologytobeadistractionintheclassroom.Studentsmaybetemptedtousetheirdevicesfornon-educationalpurposes,whichcandisrupttheirlearningandthatoftheirpeers”。這指出了技術可能分散學生注意力，影響學習，是整合技術帶來的一個主要挑戰(zhàn)。故C項為正確答案。A項（技術成本高）未在文章中提及。B項（教師培訓需求）是應對挑戰(zhàn)的措施。D項（數(shù)字鴻溝）是另一個挑戰(zhàn)。15.D解析思路：最后一段總結指出，盡管存在挑戰(zhàn)，但“thepotentialbenefitsoftechnologyineducationaresignificant.Whentechnologyisusedeffectively,itcanhelptocreatemoreengaging,personalized,andinclusivelearningenvironments”。強調當技術有效使用時，其潛在益處很大，可以創(chuàng)造更engaging、personalized、inclusive的學習環(huán)境。這表明作者認為技術有巨大潛力，關鍵在于有效使用。故D項（技術有巨大潛力，關鍵在于有效使用）為正確答案。A項（技術應與傳統(tǒng)教育結合）未提及。B項（技術應普及）是目標。C項（技術應受監(jiān)管）未提及。16.A解析思路：第一段首句提出“Theconceptofhappinesshasbeenacentraltopicinphilosophy,psychology,andliteratureforcenturies”，并指出“thereisnosingle,universallyaccepteddefinitionofhappiness”。接著討論了不同的觀點。全文圍繞happiness的概念、不同定義和觀點展開，故A項（幸福的概念）為正確答案。B項（幸福的定義）是文章討論的核心，但概念更寬泛。C項（幸福的心理學）是文章討論的一個方面。D項（追求幸福的方法）也是文章討論的一個方面。17.B解析思路：第二段提出“Onecommonperspectiveonhappinessisthatitisprimarilyasubjectiveexperience.Thisviewholdsthathappinessisafeelingoremotionthatindividualsexperience,anditisdeterminedbytheirownthoughts,beliefs,andattitudes”。明確介紹了一種普遍觀點，即幸福主要是主觀體驗，由個體自身感受決定。故B項（幸福主要是主觀體驗）為正確答案。A項（幸福是社會建構）是另一種觀點。C項（幸福是心理學狀態(tài)）也是另一種觀點。D項（幸福是文化現(xiàn)象）未在第一句主要觀點中體現(xiàn)。18.C解析思路：第二段闡述了主觀觀點（happinessisprimarilyasubjectiveexperience，由個體內(nèi)部狀態(tài)決定），第三段闡述了社會建構觀點（happinessisprimarilyasocialconstruct，由文化規(guī)范和社會期望定義和塑造）。對比兩者，主觀觀點強調內(nèi)部感受和個體差異，社會建構觀點強調外部文化和社會影響。核心區(qū)別在于幸福的決定因素是內(nèi)部個體狀態(tài)還是外部社會文化。故C項（幸福是由內(nèi)部個體狀態(tài)決定還是外部社會文化決定）為正確答案。A項（感受vs.定義）不是核心區(qū)別。B項（個人體驗vs.社會期望）是表現(xiàn)，而非本質區(qū)別。19.C解析思路：第三段提出“Accordingtothepsychologicalperspectiveonhappiness,itisprimarilyapsychologicalstate.Thisviewholdsthathappinessisaresultofpositiveemotions,suchasjoy,contentment,andgratitude,andtheabsenceofnegativeemotions,suchassadness,anger,andfear”。明確指出心理觀點認為幸福是一種心理狀態(tài)，源于積極情緒（如喜悅、滿足、感恩）和消極情緒的缺乏（如悲傷、憤怒、恐懼）。故C項為正確答案。