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第12講

名詞性從句

/高考鏈接考點(diǎn)解讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練答案速查【聽】單句填空1.[2024·全國(guó)甲卷]

On

a

cool,

starry

night

in

mid-September

1870,

four

men

relaxed

before

a

campfire

along

the

Firehole

River

in

______

is

now

northwestern

Wyoming.what[解析]

考查賓語(yǔ)從句。此句為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句is前缺主語(yǔ)，指物，用what，并作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。故填what。2.[2024·浙江1月考]

If

most

of

their

customers

are

happy

to

buy

larger

quantities,

that's

______

they'll

promote.

But

that

leaves

the

solo

(單獨(dú))

customers

out

of

pocket

and

disappointed.what[解析]

考查表語(yǔ)從句。此句為表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，且是指事物，所以應(yīng)用連接代詞what。故填what。3.[2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]

They

also

need

to

be

ready

to

give

interviews

in

English

with

international

journalists.

This

is

_____

they

need

an

English

trainer.why[解析]

考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,故應(yīng)該用連接副詞,根據(jù)前文可知,此處是表達(dá)“這就是他們需要英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師的原因”之意,應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填why。4.[2021·北京卷]

The

poor

woman

wasn't

able

to

give

him

any

information

about

_______

she

lived.where[解析]

考查賓語(yǔ)從句。介詞about后是賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中l(wèi)ived后缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填where。5.[2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]

Going

to

Mount

Huangshan

reminds

me

of

the

popular

Beatles'

song

The

Long

and

Winding

Road.

______

is

so

breathtaking

about

the

experience

is

the

out-of-this-world

scenes.What[解析]

考查主語(yǔ)從句。此處是主語(yǔ)從句,從句缺少主語(yǔ),且表示物，故用what引導(dǎo)。故填What。

在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于名詞的從句,稱為名詞性從句,主要分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句四類。名詞性從句的連接詞及其用法如下表:類別連接詞意義功能從屬連詞that無(wú)意義不充當(dāng)成分whether/if是否不充當(dāng)成分類別連接詞意義功能連接代詞what(ever)(無(wú)論)什么主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)which(ever)(無(wú)論)哪一個(gè)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)who(ever)(無(wú)論)誰(shuí)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whom誰(shuí)賓語(yǔ)whose誰(shuí)的定語(yǔ)續(xù)表類別連接詞意義功能連接副詞when何時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where哪里地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why為何原因狀語(yǔ)how如何方式狀語(yǔ)續(xù)表考點(diǎn)一

主語(yǔ)從句規(guī)則1

引導(dǎo)詞主語(yǔ)從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有:(1)從屬連詞:

that,

whether,

if;(2)連接代詞:

what,

which,

who,

whose,

whom,

whatever,

whichever,

whoever;(3)連接副詞:

how,

when,

where,

why,

however,

whenever,

wherever。規(guī)則2

it作形式主語(yǔ)在通常情況下,that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將that從句置于句尾。用it作形式主語(yǔ)通常有以下四種句型:(1)It+be+形容詞+從句:It

is

necessary

that…有必要……It

is

important

that…重要的是……It

is

obvious

that…很明顯……(2)It+be+過(guò)去分詞+從句:It

is

believed

that…人們相信……It

is

known

to

all

that…眾所周知……It

has

been

decided

that…已決定……(3)It+be+名詞(短語(yǔ))+從句:It

is

common

knowledge

that…

……是常識(shí)。It

is

a

surprise

that…令人驚奇的是……It

is

a

fact

that…事實(shí)是……(4)It+不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))+從句:It

appears

that…似乎……It

happens

that…碰巧……It

occurs

to

sb

that…

某人突然想起……It

doesn't

matter

whether…

……是否……沒有關(guān)系?！炯挤ㄓ?xùn)練一】1.______

upset

me

most

was

that

I

was

stuck

in

the

elevator

and

my

cellphone

was

dead.What[解析]

考查主語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ),表示“……的東西”,應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo),單詞位于句首,首字母大寫,故填What。2.It

is

_____

he

often

breaks

the

school

rules

_____

makes

his

class

teacher

unsatisfied

with

him.thatthat[解析]

考查主語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第一個(gè)空引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句中不缺少任何成分,故用that引導(dǎo)。第二個(gè)空符合強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型:it

is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他。該強(qiáng)調(diào)句是對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句“…h(huán)e

often

breaks

the

school

rules”進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),故用that。故第一空填that,第二空也填that?？键c(diǎn)二

賓語(yǔ)從句規(guī)則1

引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有:(1)從屬連詞:that,

whether,

if;(2)連接代詞:what,

who,

whose,

whatever,

whichever,

whoever等;(3)連接副詞:when,

where,

why,

how等。規(guī)則2

賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序在賓語(yǔ)從句中要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。He

asked

me

when

we

could

set

out

the

next

day.他問(wèn)我我們第二天什么時(shí)候可以出發(fā)。規(guī)則3

賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。She

says

(that)

she

works

from

Monday

to

Friday.她說(shuō)她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))she

says

(that)

she

will

leave

amessage

on

his

desk.她說(shuō)她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。(從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí))She

says

(that)

she

has

never

been

to

Mount

Emei.她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒有去過(guò)峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。He

said

there

were

no

classes

yesterday

afternoon.他說(shuō)昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí))［溫馨提示］

引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般可以省略,但是在及物動(dòng)詞之后跟有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。The

teacher

said

(that)

the

text

was

very

important

and

that

we

should

learn

it

by

heart.老師說(shuō)這篇課文非常重要,

我們應(yīng)該把它背下來(lái)。(第二個(gè)that不能省略)【技法訓(xùn)練二】1.Desertification,

the

name

for

______

happens

when

land

that

can

be

used

to

grow

crops

turns

into

desert,

is

a

growing

world

problem.what[解析]

考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,for后接賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意可知,用what作主語(yǔ)。故填

what。2.Students

are

required

to

ask

their

parents

__________

they

can

go

on

the

school

trip,

and

they

are

also

responsible

for

giving

a

notice

in

advance

if

they

cannot.if/whether[解析]

考查賓語(yǔ)從句。“…they

can

go

on

the

school

trip”是賓語(yǔ)從句,從句成分完整,根據(jù)句意可知,空處表示“是否”的意思,故填if/whether?？键c(diǎn)三

表語(yǔ)從句

在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱為表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞大致一樣。表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用as

if引導(dǎo)。No

changes

have

taken

place

in

the

village.

It

remains

what

it

used

to

be.這個(gè)村子一直未發(fā)生變化,它仍是過(guò)去的樣子。The

reason

why

he

missed

classes

was

that

he

was

ill

in

hospital.他缺課的原因是他生病住院了。This

house

was

in

a

mess

and

looked

as

if

no

one

had

lived

in

it

for

many

years.這所房子一片狼藉,看起來(lái)好像很多年沒人住過(guò)似的?！炯挤ㄓ?xùn)練三】1.Sorry,

he

can't

go

with

you.

The

reason

is

_____

he

has

something

to

do

tomorrow.that[解析]

考查表語(yǔ)從句?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,從句中句子成分完整,應(yīng)用只起連接作用、無(wú)實(shí)義的that引導(dǎo)。故填that。2.Actually,

girls

can

be

__________

they

want

to

be

just

like

boys,

whether

it

is

a

pilot,

an

astronaut,

or

a

manager.whatever[解析]

考查表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,應(yīng)填連接代詞whatever引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,whatever同時(shí)在該從句中充當(dāng)be的表語(yǔ),意為“不管什么”。故填whatever?？键c(diǎn)四

同位語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種。它一般放在fact,

news,

idea,

truth,

hope,

problem,

information,

belief,

thought,

doubt,

promise,

question等抽象名詞的后面,對(duì)前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋,說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體含義。［溫馨提示］

同位語(yǔ)從句的幾種特殊情況:(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短,而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí),同位語(yǔ)從句常后置。The

thoughtcame

to

him

thatmaybe

the

enemy

troops

had

fled

the

city

before

they

entered

the

village.他突然想到,也許敵軍在他們進(jìn)入村莊之前已經(jīng)逃離了這座城市。(2)表示“命令、要求、建議”的名詞order,

demand,

suggestion等后接同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。The

suggestion

thateveryone

(should)

make

efforts

to

beautify

our

campus

is

necessary.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)盡力來(lái)美化校園的建議是有必要的?！疽谆毂鎰e】同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句功能不同對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系that不作成分;起連接作用,不可省略作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),起連接作用;并且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句whether/how不作成分;起連接作用,表示“是否”“如何”不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句wh-類連接詞作成分;起連接作用;有自己的含義,但與所修飾的詞之間無(wú)關(guān)作成分;起連接作用;沒有自己的含義,但是代替先行詞在從句中作成分續(xù)表The

news

that

Mr

Li

will

be

our

new

English

teacher

is

true.李先生將是我們的新英語(yǔ)老師的消息是真的。(同位語(yǔ)從句,that不可省略)The

news

(that)

he

told

me

yesterday

is

true.他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。(定語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中作賓語(yǔ),可省略)【技法訓(xùn)練四】1.The

fact

has

worried

many

scientists

_____the

earth

is

becoming

warmer

and

warmer

these

years.that[解析]

考查同位語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)前面名詞fact的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋,且從句不缺成分,故用連接詞that。故填that。2.This

should

serve

as

a

warning

_____people

should

be

aware

of

their

surroundings,

especially

when

crossing

roads.that[解析]

考查同位語(yǔ)從句。此處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,從句句意完整、成分齊全,應(yīng)用只起連接作用、無(wú)實(shí)義的that引導(dǎo)。故填that。Ⅰ

單句填空1._____

he

lied

about

his

academic

background

at

the

interview

really

surprised

us

after

the

truth

came

out.That[解析]

考查主語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,從句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that引導(dǎo)。位于句首，首字母大寫。故填That。2.The

truth

is

_____

we

are

lucky

enough

to

have

clean

water

whenever

we

want,

but

this

is

not

the

case

for

many

people

around

the

world.that[解析]

考查表語(yǔ)從句。從句中不缺少任何成分,且句意完整,故用連接詞that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填that。3.Reconstructing

the

works

of

the

craftsmen

from

ancient

times

can

reveal

_____

they

viewed

the

world

and

what

went

on

in

the

workshops

that

produced

them.how[解析]

考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“…they

viewed

the

world”和“…what

went

on

in

the

workshops…”是兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句,均為reveal的賓語(yǔ),設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少方式狀語(yǔ),故用連接副詞how“如何”引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。故填how。4.Now

that

I

have

tried

my

best

in

the

English

contest,

it

doesn't

matter

much

to

me

______the

result

will

be.what[解析]

考查主語(yǔ)從句。句中it是形式主語(yǔ),空格處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少表語(yǔ),句子表示“結(jié)果是什么樣的對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不太重要”,因此用what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。故填what。5.All

the

people

have

incredible

ideas

to

share,

but

what

matters

is

_________

we're

able

to

carry

them

out.whether[解析]

考查表語(yǔ)從句。此處表示“我們的不可思議的想法是否能夠付諸實(shí)踐”,故用whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,表示“是否”。故填whether。6.These

days,

teachers

have

been

sparing

no

effort

to

create

______

they

hope

will

be

the

best

means

to

improve

the

efficiency

of

online

teaching.what[解析]

考查賓語(yǔ)從句。此空引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)will

be的主語(yǔ),故填what。7.To

be

honest,

I

am

not

the

person

deserving

the

honour;

it

should

be

given

to

_________

we

think

has

made

the

greatest

contribution.whoever[解析]

考查賓語(yǔ)從句。介詞to后接賓語(yǔ)從句,從句缺主語(yǔ),意為“無(wú)論誰(shuí),不管什么人”,故填whoever。8.As

many

as

five

courses

are

provided,and

you

are

free

to

choose

__________

suits

you

best.whichever[解析]

考查賓語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,前面as

many

as

five

courses給出了范圍,此處表示“無(wú)論哪個(gè)”,故填whichever。9.What

the

doctors

really

doubt

is

_________

the

patient

will

recover

from

the

serious

disease

soon.whether[解析]

考查表語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,表示“是否”,只能用whether。故填whether。10.Doris'

success

lies

in

the

fact

_____

sheis

co-operative

and

eager

to

learn

from

others.that[解析]

考查同位語(yǔ)從句?？涨盀閠he

fact,后面的從句對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋,從句句意完整、成分齊全,故填that。11.______

remains

important

is

that

we

have

an

incredible

desire

to

think

and

create,

and

that's

the

real

spirit

of

invention.What[解析]

考查主語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ),指事物,應(yīng)用what,且句首單詞首字母大寫。故填What。12.A

warm

thought

suddenly

came

to

me

_____I

might

use

the

pocket

money

to

buy

some

flowers

for

my

mother's

birthday.that[解析]

考查同位語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)前面的名詞thought進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明,且從句不缺成分,故填that。Ⅱ

語(yǔ)法填空

[2024·廣東廣州高三三模]

The

Wuhan

silk

flower

is

a

famous

specialty

of

Hubei.

It

has

been

produced

and

sold

for

many

years

and

enjoys

a

high

reputation.12345678910

Over

the

past

hundred

years,

Wuhan

silk

flower

1._____________(adopt)

the

traditional

silk

flower

making

techniques

from

the

royal

courts.

It

draws

spirit

from

the

folk

silk

flower

making

techniques

throughout

China,

while

perfecting

2.______(it)

on

the

basis

of

the

traditional

flower

skills

that

have

been

known

far

and

wide

due

to

its

fine

workmanship.has

adopteditself12345678910

Silk

flowers

are

the

flowers

3._________(typical)

made

with

silk,

satin

and

other

high-grade

fabrics.

The

flowers

look

vivid

and

are

unique

handicrafts.

Whether

due

to

its

long

history

or

the

strong

4.___________(decorate)

effect,

silk

flowers

were

common

accessories

of

the

ancient

women.

Among

traditional

Chinese

skills,

making

flowers

5._____

fabrics

emerged

more

than

1,700

years

ago.

In

the

Tang

Dynasty,

it

was

recorded

6._____

women

wore

flowers

made

with

silk.typicallydecorativewiththat12345678910

The

silk

flower

7._______(artist)

in

Wuhan

have

handed

down

and

carried

forward

silk

flower

workmanship

from

generation

to

generation,

making

silk

flower

8.____

art

&

craft

specialty

with

local

characteristics.

The

varieties

of

the

flowers

9._______(make)

with

silk

include

peony,

rose,

Chinese

rose,

and

other

flowers

in

total

of

more

than

400

varieties.

The

finished

flowers

are

classified

into

inserted

flowers,

hat

flowers

and

more,

10._________(enjoy)

great

popularity

among

consumers.artistsanmadeenjoying【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了武漢絹花，其制作歷史悠久，其精湛的工藝在國(guó)內(nèi)外享有盛譽(yù)。123456789101._____________has

adopted[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。結(jié)合前面的over

the

past

hundred

years可知，句子使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，故填

has

adopted。2.______itself[解析]

考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示使它自己變完美，作perfecting的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該填反身代詞itself。123456789103._________typically[解析]

考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞made，使用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填typically。4.___________decorative[解析]

考查形容詞。修飾后面的名詞effect，使用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填decorative。5._____with[解析]

考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“使用……”，故填with。123456789106._____that[解析]

考查主語(yǔ)從句。此處是固定句型“It

is

+過(guò)去分詞+that…”，故填that。7._______artists[解析]

考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處指武漢的絹花藝術(shù)家們，不止一位，且根據(jù)空后have可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填artists。8.____an[解析]

考查冠詞。后面的art

&

craft

specialty是單數(shù)，且art的讀音是元音音素開頭，故填an。123456789109._______made[解析]

考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make與前面的flowers之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)意義，作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的flowers，故填made。10._________enjoying[解析]

考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子的謂語(yǔ)是are

classified

into，由此可知，此處使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是finished

flowers，二者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填enjoying。12345678910Ⅲ

語(yǔ)法與寫作—名詞性從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用1.[2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫]

________________________________________________________________________

he

was

ashamed

of

his

physical

condition.我突然意識(shí)到他對(duì)自己的身體狀況感到羞愧。

It

sudd