廣東2025自考[護(hù)理學(xué)]英語（二）高頻題(考點(diǎn))一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共20題，每題1分）1.題干：Thenurseshould__________whenassessingapatient'svitalsigns.選項(xiàng)：A.waitforthepatienttorelaxbeforestartingB.rushtocompletethetaskquicklyC.takenoteswhilemeasuringbloodpressureD.ignorethepatient'sdiscomfort答案：A解析：在評估患者生命體征時，護(hù)士應(yīng)等待患者放松后再開始，以確保測量結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。選項(xiàng)B、C、D均不符合護(hù)理規(guī)范。2.題干：Whencaringforapatientwithdiabetes,thenurseshould__________.選項(xiàng)：A.encouragehigh-sugarfoodstostabilizebloodglucoseB.monitorbloodsugarlevelsregularlyC.avoidcheckingthepatient'sfeetdailyD.administerinsulinonlywhenthepatientfeelsthirsty答案：B解析：糖尿病患者需要定期監(jiān)測血糖水平，以控制病情發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)A、C、D均與護(hù)理原則相悖。3.題干：Thebestwaytopreventhospital-acquiredinfectionsisto__________.選項(xiàng)：A.usethesameglovesformultiplepatientsB.ensureproperhandhygieneC.minimizepatientmovementinthehospitalD.avoiddisinfectingsurfacesregularly答案：B解析：手衛(wèi)生是預(yù)防醫(yī)院感染最有效的方法。選項(xiàng)A、C、D均會增加感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。4.題干：Apatientwithchronicpainshouldbetaughtto__________.選項(xiàng)：A.takepainmedicationonlywhenthepainissevereB.ignoreminorpaintosavemedicationC.userelaxationtechniquestomanagepainD.increasemedicationdosagewithoutconsultingadoctor答案：C解析：慢性疼痛患者可通過放松技巧（如深呼吸、冥想）來管理疼痛，而非過度依賴藥物。選項(xiàng)A、B、D均不正確。5.題干：Whenadministeringintravenousfluids,thenurseshould__________.選項(xiàng)：A.infusefluidsfasterifthepatientisthirstyB.checktheIVsiteforinfiltrationevery4hoursC.ignorethepatient'sallergiestoavoiddiscomfortD.usethesameIVlineformultiplemedications答案：B解析：靜脈輸液時需定期檢查輸液部位，預(yù)防滲漏。選項(xiàng)A、C、D均存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。6.題干：AnurseiscaringforapatientwithCOPD.Whichactionshouldthenurseprioritize?選項(xiàng)：A.AdministeringoxygencontinuouslyB.EncouragingdeepbreathingexercisesC.RestrictingfluidintaketopreventshortnessofbreathD.Avoidingphysicalactivitytoconserveenergy答案：B解析：COPD患者應(yīng)鼓勵深呼吸鍛煉以改善通氣。選項(xiàng)A、C、D均不適宜。7.題干：Thenurseshouldreportwhichsymptomtothedoctorimmediately?選項(xiàng)：A.MildnauseaaftersurgeryB.DecreasedurineoutputC.OccasionaldizzinessD.Milditchingattheinjectionsite答案：B解析：尿量減少可能是腎功能問題的早期癥狀，需立即報(bào)告醫(yī)生。選項(xiàng)A、C、D較輕微。8.題干：Wheneducatinganewmotheraboutinfantfeeding,thenurseshouldemphasize__________.選項(xiàng)：A.Bottle-feedingismoreconvenientthanbreastfeedingB.Feedingthebabyevery2hoursondemandC.Force-feedingthebabyifitdoesnotdrinkenoughD.Skippingnighttimefeedingstoallowmoresleep答案：B解析：新生兒應(yīng)按需喂養(yǎng)，每2小時一次。選項(xiàng)A、C、D均不正確。9.題干：Apatientwithhypertensionshouldbeadvisedto__________.選項(xiàng)：A.consumeahigh-sodiumdiettostabilizebloodpressureB.reducesaltintaketolowerbloodpressureC.avoidexercisetopreventdizzinessD.drinkalcoholtorelaxafterstressfuldays答案：B解析：高血壓患者應(yīng)減少鹽攝入。選項(xiàng)A、C、D均不正確。10.題干：Whenassessingapatient'smentalstatus,thenurseshould__________.選項(xiàng)：A.focusonlyonverbalresponsesB.observethepatient'sbehaviorandappearanceC.ignoremoodchangesifthepatientiscooperativeD.askonlyquestionsaboutrecentevents答案：B解析：評估精神狀態(tài)時需結(jié)合行為和外觀。選項(xiàng)A、C、D片面。11.題干：Thenurseshouldusewhichcommunicationtechniquewhenteachingapatientaboutmedicationmanagement?選項(xiàng)：A.SpeakingloudlytoensurethepatienthearsB.UsingmedicaljargonwithoutexplanationC.EncouragingquestionsandrepeatingkeypointsD.Endingtheteachingsessionquicklytosavetime答案：C解析：教學(xué)時應(yīng)鼓勵提問并重復(fù)要點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A、B、D不合適。12.題干：Wheninsertingaurinarycatheter,thenurseshould__________.選項(xiàng)：A.usealubricanttoreducefrictionB.avoidwarmingthecathetertopreventinjuryC.insertthecatheterquicklytosavetimeD.ignorethepatient'sdiscomforttocompletethetask答案：A解析：插入導(dǎo)尿管時應(yīng)使用潤滑劑減少摩擦。選項(xiàng)B、C、D均不正確。13.題干：Thenurseshouldmonitorapatientwithheartfailurefor__________.選項(xiàng)：A.increasedappetiteB.edemainthelowerextremitiesC.decreasedfatigueD.normalbloodpressure答案：B解析：心衰患者易出現(xiàn)下肢水腫。選項(xiàng)A、C、D不符。14.題干：Whencaringforapatientwitharespiratoryinfection,thenurseshould__________.選項(xiàng)：A.discouragefluidintaketoreducemucusB.ensureproperhumidityintheroomC.avoiddeepcoughingtopreventchestpainD.administerantibioticswithoutaprescription答案：B解析：呼吸道感染患者應(yīng)保持室內(nèi)濕度適宜。選項(xiàng)A、C、D不正確。15.題干：Thenurseshoulddocumentwhichinformationinthepatient'schart?選項(xiàng)：A.Thepatient'scomplaintsaboutthenurse'sattitudeB.Thepatient'sheightandweightmeasurementsC.Thepatient'srefusaltotakemedicationD.Thenurse'spersonalopinionsaboutthecase答案：C解析：患者拒絕用藥需記錄在案。選項(xiàng)A、D不專業(yè)，B雖重要但C更關(guān)鍵。16.題干：Whencaringforanelderlypatient,thenurseshould__________.選項(xiàng)：A.ignoreminormemorylapsestoavoidconfrontationB.providereassuranceandsimpleinstructionsC.demandstrictadherencetotreatmentplansD.avoidphysicaltouchtorespectpersonalspace答案：B解析：老年人護(hù)理需耐心和安撫。選項(xiàng)A、C、D不恰當(dāng)。17.題干：Thenurseshouldusewhichapproachwhendealingwithadifficultpatient?選項(xiàng)：A.ArguewiththepatienttoprovecorrectnessB.ListenactivelyandvalidatetheirfeelingsC.Ignorethepatient'sconcernstoavoidconflictD.Threatenthepatientwithconsequences答案：B解析：應(yīng)對難纏患者需傾聽并驗(yàn)證其感受。選項(xiàng)A、C、D不合適。18.題干：Whenadministeringchemotherapy,thenurseshould__________.選項(xiàng)：A.encouragehigh-proteindietstopreventnauseaB.monitorforsignsofinfectionregularlyC.avoidteachingpatientsaboutmanagingsideeffectsD.administermedicationonlyifthepatientfeelssick答案：B解析：化療患者需定期監(jiān)測感染跡象。選項(xiàng)A、C、D不正確。19.題干：Thenurseshouldassessapatient'spainusing__________.選項(xiàng)：A.anumericalratingscaleB.onlythepatient'sverbalreportsC.ignoringthepatient'sfacialexpressionsD.askingfamilymembersaboutthepain答案：A解析：疼痛評估常用數(shù)字評分法。選項(xiàng)B、C、D片面。20.題干：Whendischargeplanningforapatient,thenurseshould__________.選項(xiàng)：A.assumethepatientwillfollowallinstructionsB.providewrittenandverbaleducationC.avoidfollow-upcallstosavetimeD.dischargethepatientwithoutarranginghomecare答案：B解析：出院計(jì)劃需結(jié)合書面和口頭指導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)A、C、D不恰當(dāng)。二、填空題（共10題，每題1分）1.題干：Whenassessingapatient'srespiratorystatus,thenurseshouldlistentothe__________andnoteanyabnormalsounds.答案：lungs2.題干：Thenurseshouldteachapatientwithdiabetesto__________beforecheckingbloodsugarlevels.答案：fastforafewminutes3.題干：Topreventpressureulcers,thenurseshould__________thepatient'spositionfrequently.答案：change4.題干：Thenurseshouldmonitorapatientwithheartfailurefor__________andshortnessofbreath.答案：edema5.題干：Whenadministeringmedication,thenurseshouldverifythepatient'sidentityusingthe__________.答案：nameandbirthdate6.題干：ThenurseshouldencourageapatientwithCOPDtopractice__________toimprovebreathing.答案：deepbreathing7.題干：Topreventhospital-acquiredinfections,thenurseshould__________theirhandsbeforeandafterpatientcontact.答案：wash8.題干：Thenurseshouldassessapatient'spainusinga__________scaletomeasureintensity.答案：numericalrating9.題干：Whencaringforanewborn,thenurseshould__________forsignsofjaundice.答案：checktheskin10.題干：Thenurseshoulddocumentallpatientteachinginthe__________toensurecontinuityofcare.答案：chart三、簡答題（共5題，每題2分）1.題干：Explaintheimportanceofhandhygieneinpreventinghospital-acquiredinfections.答案：Handhygieneiscrucialinpreventinghospital-acquiredinfectionsbecauseitremovespathogensthatcanspreadbetweenpatients,staff,andequipment.ProperhandwashingorsanitizingreducestheriskofinfectionslikeMRSA,VRE,andC.difficile.Nursesmustfollowprotocolsrigorouslytoprotectvulnerablepatients.2.題干：Describehowtoassessapatient'spaineffectively.答案：Toassesspaineffectively,thenurseshould:-Useapainscale(e.g.,numericalratingscale).-Askopen-endedquestions("Howdoyoudescribethepain?").-Observethepatient'sbehavior(facialexpressions,bodylanguage).-Notethelocation,intensity,anddurationofpain.-Assessforaggravatingorrelievingfactors.-Repeatassessmentstomonitorchanges.3.題干：Whyisitimportanttodocumentpatientcareaccurately?答案：Accuratedocumentationensures:-Legalprotectionforhealthcareproviders.-Continuityofcareforotherteammembers.-Evidence-baseddecision-makingfortreatmentadjustments.-Accountabilityinpatientoutcomes.-Compliancewithregulatoryrequirements.4.題干：Howshouldanursecommunicatewithanelderlypatientwithdementia?答案：-Usesimple,clearlanguageandshortsentences.-Avoidcomplexinstructionsormultipletasksatonce.-Speakcalmlyanduseagentletone.-Validatetheirfeelingseveniftheymisrememberevents.-Usenonverbalcuesliketouchorgesturesifappropriate.-Avoidconfrontationorarguing.5.題干：Listthreewaystopreventpressureulcersinbedriddenpatients.答案：-Frequentrepositioning:Turnthepatientevery2hours.-Useofpressure-redistributingdevices:Mattresses,cushions,orpillows.-Skinassessment:Checkforredness,moisture,orbreakdown.-Maintainproperhygienetokeepskindry.四、論述題（共2題，每題3分）1.題干：Discusstheroleofanurseindischargeplanningforapatientwithchronicillness.答案：Anurseplaysacriticalroleindischargeplanningby:-Educatingthepatientandfamilyaboutmedicationmanagement,diet,andself-care.