廣西2025自考[生物育種技術(shù)]英語(yǔ)（二）模擬題及答案一、選擇題（共20題，每題1分，計(jì)20分）1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofgeneticbreedinginmodernagriculture?A.IncreasingcropyieldB.EnhancingfoodstorageC.ReducingfertilizeruseD.Improvingseedgerminationrates2.Whichofthefollowingisakeyadvantageofmarker-assistedselectionincropimprovement?A.ShorterbreedingcyclesB.HighercostefficiencyC.GreatergeneticdiversityD.Fastermutationrates3.Theterm"hybridization"inplantbreedingrefersto:A.Cross-pollinationbetweenspeciesB.MutationofasinglegeneC.UseofchemicalfertilizersD.Geneticmodificationwithbiotechnology4.Whatdoestheacronym"CRISPR"standforinbiotechnology?A.ClusteredRegularlyInterspacedShortPalindromicRepeatsB.ControlledReproductionandSplicingResearchProtocolC.CytogeneticResearchandIsolationStrategyD.Cross-ReferenceIdentificationandSequencingRule5.Whichofthesecropsisamajortargetfordrought-resistantbreedinginGuangxi?A.TeaB.RiceC.RubberD.Orchids6.Theprocessofselectingsuperioroffspringfromabreedingpopulationiscalled:A.HybridizationB.BackcrossingC.RecombinationD.Selection7.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofa"polymerasechainreaction"(PCR)inbiotechnology?A.AmplifyingDNAsequencesB.EditingRNAmoleculesC.DetectingviralinfectionsD.Cultivatingmicrobialstrains8.Whichofthefollowingisacommonmethodforimprovingpestresistanceincrops?A.IrrigationmanagementB.GeneticallyengineeredresistanceC.SoilenrichmentD.Mechanicalharvesting9.The"GreenRevolution"primarilyfocusedon:A.OrganicfarmingtechniquesB.High-yieldcropvarietiesC.SustainablesoilconservationD.Aquaponicsystems10.Whatistheroleof"apomixis"inplantbreeding?A.AsexualreproductionwithoutfertilizationB.EnhancedphotosynthesisefficiencyC.ReducedseeddormancyD.Increasedseedsize11.Whichoftheseisamajorchallengeinanimalbreedingfordiseaseresistance?A.LimitedgeneticdiversityB.HighbreedingcostsC.RapidenvironmentalchangesD.Alloftheabove12.Theterm"Marker-AssistedRecombinantBreeding"(MARB)refersto:A.CombininggeneticmarkerswithtraditionalbreedingB.UsingrecombinantDNAforrapidselectionC.RecreatinghybridvarietiesthroughcloningD.Eliminatingunwantedgenetictraits13.Whichoftheseisakeybenefitof"geneediting"incropimprovement?A.FastertraittransferB.ReducedenvironmentalimpactC.LowerproductioncostsD.Increasedbiodiversity14.Whatdoes"genesilencing"achieveinbiotechnology?A.EnhancesgeneexpressionB.ReducesspecificgeneactivityC.IncreasesmutationratesD.PreventsDNAreplication15.The"Double-HaploidTechnique"isprimarilyusedfor:A.ProducingsterilehybridsB.EnhancinghybridvigorC.ReducingbreedingtimeD.Increasingseedyield16.Whichoftheseisacommonapplicationof"microbialinoculants"inagriculture?A.FertilizerproductionB.SoilpHadjustmentC.EnhancingplantgrowthD.Pestcontrol17.The"HaplotypeAnalysis"methodisusedto:A.IdentifygeneticvariationsB.TrackdiseaseoutbreaksC.OptimizecropstorageD.Measureenvironmentalimpact18.Whatisthesignificanceof"genomicselection"inmodernbreeding?A.FasterbreedingcyclesB.HighertraitpredictabilityC.ReducedgeneticbottlenecksD.Eliminationoftraditionalbreeding19.Whichoftheseisamajorlimitationof"conventionalbreeding"?A.LowergeneticdiversityB.LongerbreedingtimelinesC.HighermutationratesD.Reducedtraitstability20.The"GeneticallyModifiedOrganism"(GMO)labelindicates:A.NaturalgeneticmodificationB.EngineeredgeneticchangesC.EnhancednutritionalvalueD.Increaseddiseaseresistance二、填空題（共10題，每題1分，計(jì)10分）1.Theprocessofcombininggeneticmaterialfromtwodifferentplantstocreateanewvarietyiscalled________.2.ThetechniquethatusesDNAprobestoidentifyspecificgenesisknownas________.3.________isamethodofbreedingthatinvolvesselectingoffspringwithdesirabletraitsovermultiplegenerations.4.The"genegun"method,alsoknownas________,isusedfordeliveringforeignDNAintoplantcells.5.Aplantthatreproducesasexuallywithoutseedsissaidtoexhibit________.6.Thestudyofgeneticvariationwithinaspeciesiscalled________.7.________isabiotechnologicaltoolthatallowspreciseeditingofDNAsequences.8.The"GreenRevolution"significantlyincreasedglobal________production.9.________aremicroorganismsthatenhanceplantgrowthbyfixingnitrogeninthesoil.10.Theprocessofcombininggeneticmaterialfromdifferentspeciesiscalled________.三、判斷題（共10題，每題1分，計(jì)10分）1.Marker-assistedselectioncancompletelyeliminateundesirabletraitsincrops.(True/False)2.CRISPR-Cas9isanaturaldefensemechanisminbacteriaagainstviralinfections.(True/False)3.Hybridizationalwaysresultsinimprovedcropperformance.(True/False)4.Genomicselectioncanpredictmultipletraitssimultaneouslyinbreedingprograms.(True/False)5.The"Double-HaploidTechnique"isprimarilyusedforhybridricebreedinginGuangxi.(True/False)6.Microbialinoculantscanreplacetraditionalfertilizersinagriculture.(True/False)7.Conventionalbreedingmethodsarefasterthanmodernbiotechnologicalapproaches.(True/False)8.GMOsarebannedinallcountriesduetosafetyconcerns.(True/False)9.Genesilencingisanaturalprocessthatregulatesgeneexpression.(True/False)10.AquaponicsystemsarewidelyusedforricecultivationinGuangxi.(True/False)四、簡(jiǎn)答題（共5題，每題2分，計(jì)10分）1.Brieflyexplaintheconceptof"hybridvigor"incropbreeding.2.Whatarethemainadvantagesofusing"marker-assistedselection"inplantimprovement?3.Describetheroleof"microbialinoculants"inagriculture.4.Howdoes"genomicselection"differfromtraditionalbreedingmethods?5.Explainwhy"droughtresistance"isacriticaltraitforbreedingcropsinGuangxi.五、論述題（共2題，每題5分，計(jì)10分）1.Discusstheethicalandenvironmentalimplicationsofusing"geneticallymodifiedcrops"inmodernagriculture.2.Compareandcontrast"conventionalbreeding"and"biotechnologicalbreeding"intermsofefficiency,cost,andoutcomes.答案及解析一、選擇題答案1.A2.A3.A4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.B10.A11.D12.A13.A14.B15.C16.C17.A18.B19.B20.B解析：1.Geneticbreedingprimarilyaimstoincreasecropyieldtomeetglobalfooddemand.8.Geneticallyengineeredresistanceintroducespest-resistanttraitsintocrops.13.Geneeditingallowsfastertraittransferbytargetingspecificgenes.二、填空題答案1.Hybridization2.DNAprobeanalysis3.Selection4.Particlebombardment5.Apomixis6.Populationgenetics7.CRISPR-Cas98.Grain9.Rhizobacteria10.Geneticengineering三、判斷題答案1.False2.True3.False(Hybridizationmaynotalwaysimprovetraits)4.True5.True6.True7.False(Biotechnologicalmethodsarefaster)8.False(GMOsarelegalinmanycountries)9.True10.False(AquaponicsisnotwidelyusedforriceinGuangxi)四、簡(jiǎn)答題答案1.Hybridvigorreferstotheenhancedperformanceofoffspringresultingfromthecrossbreedingofgeneticallydiverseparents.2.Advantagesofmarker-assistedselection:Fastertraitidentification,cost-effective,reducesbreedingtime.3.Microbialinoculantsenhanceplant