新疆2025自考[生物育種技術(shù)]英語（二）易錯題專練一、單項選擇（共10題，每題1分）1.Theadvancementinbiotechnologyhassignificantly______theefficiencyofcropbreedingprograms.A.enhancedB.reducedC.replacedD.delayed2.Geneticdiversityiscrucialforthe______ofcropsinadverseenvironmentalconditions.A.resistanceB.productionC.consumptionD.distribution3.Marker-assistedselection(MAS)relieson______toidentifydesirabletraits.A.morphologicalanalysisB.phenotypicevaluationC.genotypicmarkersD.fieldobservation4.TheGreenRevolutionprimarilyfocusedonimproving______instaplecrops.A.yieldandpestresistanceB.seedqualityandstorageC.soilfertilityandirrigationD.geneticdiversityandsustainability5.CRISPR-Cas9technologyisarevolutionarytoolin______modification.A.traditionalbreedingB.transgenicC.genome-wideD.chromosomal6.Theterm"apomixis"refersto______reproductioninplants.A.sexualB.asexualC.hybridD.autogamous7.Themajorchallengeinbiopharmingisensuringthe______ofpharmaceuticalproteinsinplants.A.stabilityB.efficiencyC.containmentD.compatibility8.TheInternationalTreatyonPlantGeneticResourcesforFoodandAgricultureaimsto______geneticdiversity.A.exploitB.preserveC.commercializeD.eliminate9.The______isakeyenzymeinDNAreplicationandrepair.A.polymeraseB.ligaseC.kinaseD.protease10.Theconceptof"genestacking"involvescombiningmultipledesirabletraitsintoasingle______.A.varietyB.hybridC.cultivarD.strain二、完形填空（共1題，每題2分，共20分）Thefieldofplantbiotechnologyhaswitnessedremarkableprogressinrecentdecades.Withtheriseof(11)technologiessuchasgeneticengineeringandmarker-assistedselection,breederscannow(12)desirabletraitsmoreefficiently.Oneofthemost(13)challengesinthisdomainismaintaininggeneticdiversitywhileimprovingcropperformance.Traditionalbreedingmethodsoften(14)limitedbylinkagedrag,whereundesirabletraitsareinheritedalongsidebeneficialones.Incontrast,moderntechniqueslikeCRISPR-Cas9allowfor(15)editingofspecificgenes,(16)reducingtheriskofunintendedconsequences.Theglobaldemandforfoodsecurityhas(17)increased,necessitatingthedevelopmentofhigh-yield,stress-resistantcrops.Genomicselection,which(18)theuseofDNAmarkerstopredictphenotypictraits,has(19)transformativeinthisregard.Additionally,theadventof(20)biotechnologyhasopenednewavenuesforproducingbiofuelsandpharmaceuticals.Asthesetechnologiesevolve,itisessentialtoaddressethicalandregulatoryconcernstoensuresustainableagriculturaldevelopment.空格填空：11.A.advancedB.traditionalC.modernD.conventional12.A.eliminateB.enhanceC.suppressD.degrade13.A.pressingB.trivialC.optionalD.irrelevant14.A.restrictB.overcomeC.benefitD.enhance15.A.preciseB.randomC.haphazardD.partial16.A.therebyB.howeverC.whereasD.otherwise17.A.graduallyB.steadilyC.abruptlyD.moderately18.A.emphasizesB.involvesC.ignoresD.excludes19.A.beenB.beingC.beenD.is20.A.syntheticB.agriculturalC.industrialD.environmental三、閱讀理解（共3題，每題2分，共6分）Passage:Thedevelopmentofdrought-resistantcropsisacriticalpriorityinregionslikeXinjiang,wherewaterscarcityisasignificantconstraint.Biotechnologicalapproaches,suchastheintroductionofstress-responsivegenes,haveshownpromiseinenhancingcropresilience.ArecentstudypublishedinPlantSciencedemonstratedthattransgenicwheatengineeredtooverexpresstheDREB1Ageneexhibitedimprovedsurvivalratesunderdroughtconditions.Thestudyalsohighlightedtheimportanceofoptimizinggeneexpressiontoavoidnegativeimpactsonyield.However,theadoptionofsuchcropsfacesregulatoryhurdlesinsomecountries,asconcernspersistaboutpotentialenvironmentalandhealthrisks.Proponentsarguethatrigoroustestingcanmitigatetheserisks,whilecriticsemphasizetheneedforcautiousdeployment.PolicymakersinXinjiangareincreasinglyadvocatingfortheintegrationofbiotechsolutionswithtraditionalfarmingpracticestoensurelong-termsustainability.Questions:21.Whatistheprimarypurposeofintroducingstress-responsivegenesincrops?A.ToincreaseseedsizeB.ToenhancedroughtresistanceC.ToimprovenutrientabsorptionD.Toboostpesttolerance22.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorchallengeintheadoptionoftransgeniccrops?A.HighproductioncostsB.RegulatoryrestrictionsC.LimitedscientificresearchD.Insufficientwateravailability23.HowdopolicymakersinXinjiangviewtheroleofbiotechnologyinagriculture?A.AsareplacementfortraditionalmethodsB.AsacomplementarytooltosustainablefarmingC.AsathreattolocalbiodiversityD.Asunnecessaryforfoodsecurity四、翻譯（共2題，每題3分，共6分）24.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:“生物育種技術(shù)的進(jìn)步為新疆農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化提供了重要支撐，尤其是在提高棉花和瓜果作物的產(chǎn)量方面?！?5.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:"Theuseofbiopharmingtoproducevaccinesinplantsoffersacost-effectiveandscalablesolutionforglobalhealthchallenges."五、簡答題（共2題，每題4分，共8分）26.Whatarethekeydifferencesbetweenmarker-assistedselection(MAS)andtraditionalbreeding?27.Discussthepotentialbenefitsandrisksofgeneeditingtechnologiesincropimprovement.答案與解析一、單項選擇1.A.enhanced解析：Biotechnologyadvancementshaveimprovedbreedingefficiency,making"enhanced"themostappropriatechoice.2.A.resistance解析：Geneticdiversityhelpscropswithstandadverseconditions,suchasdroughtorpests.3.C.genotypicmarkers解析：MASusesDNAmarkerstoidentifygenesassociatedwithdesirabletraits.4.A.yieldandpestresistance解析：TheGreenRevolutionprioritizedhigh-yield,pest-resistantcropslikewheatandrice.5.C.genome-wide解析：CRISPR-Cas9allowsforpreciseeditingacrosstheentiregenome.6.B.asexual解析：Apomixisisaformofasexualreproductionwhereseedsareproducedwithoutfertilization.7.C.containment解析：Biopharmingmustensurepharmaceuticalproductsdonotcontaminatethefoodsupply.8.B.preserve解析：Thetreatyaimstoconserveplantgeneticresourcesforfuturebreeding.9.A.polymerase解析：DNApolymeraseisessentialforcopyingDNAduringreplication.10.C.cultivar解析：Genestackinginvolvescombiningtraitsinasinglecropvariety.二、完形填空11.C.modern12.B.enhance13.A.pressing14.A.restrict15.A.precise16.A.thereby17.B.steadily18.B.involves19.A.been20.A.synthetic解析：Thepassagediscussesbiotechadvancementsinagriculture,emphasizingprecisionandsustainability.三、閱讀理解21.B.enhancedroughtresistance解析：Thepassagehighlightsstress-responsivegenesforimprovingdroughttolerance.22.B.regulatoryrestrictions解析：Regulatoryconcernshindertheadoptionoftransgeniccrops.23.B.asacomplementarytooltosustainablefarming解析：Policymakersadvocateintegratingbiotechwithtraditionalpractices.四、翻譯24."AdvancesinbiotechnologyhaveprovidedcrucialsupportforagriculturalmodernizationinXinjiang,particularlyin