Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsPart1清單式背誦——主干知識一遍過1.intime及時；終于；遲早?intimefor...剛好趕上intimetodosth及時做某事?innotime立刻；馬上atnotime決不(位于句首時，句子須用部分倒裝)atanytime隨時，在任何時候atatime每次；一次atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度atthesametime同時fromtimetotime有時；偶爾eg.Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethere’sawill，there’saway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoffintime.(演講稿)正如一句諺語所說，“有志者，事竟成”，我們的努力遲早會有所回報。2.unlikeprep.與……不同；不像adj.不同的；相異的；非……的特征It’sunlikesbtodosth做……不像某人平常的樣子eg.(北京卷書面表達)Unlikemosttrees,thisonebendsinthemiddle,strugglingallthewayuptogetmoresunshine.與大多數(shù)樹木不同的是，這棵樹在中間彎曲，一路掙扎以獲得更多的陽光。3.harmfuladj.有害的?beharmfulto...對……有害?harmvt.&n.傷害，損害causeharmto對……造成傷害dosbharm＝doharmtosb傷害某人；對某人有害thereisnoharmindoingsth做某事沒有壞處/也無妨?harmlessadj.無害的beharmlessto對……無害eg.(安徽卷書面表達)Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,whichisharmfultolifeandtheenvironment.如今，違反交通規(guī)則和亂丟垃圾的現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮，對生命和環(huán)境造成了嚴重危害。【聯(lián)想】常見的由后綴－ful構(gòu)成的形容詞：①useful有用的②helpful有幫助的③powerful強大的④careful小心的⑤faithful忠實的4.existvi.存在；生存?existon靠……為生existin存在于……中Thereexists/existed...某地(曾)有……；存在……?existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在inexistence現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的outofexistence不存在；滅絕?existingadj.(僅用于名詞前)現(xiàn)存的eg.(2019·天津卷書面表達)I’mextremelydyingforabriefintroductionofdancinginwesterncountries,likehowitcameintoexistenceandhowitdeveloped.我非常想(聽你)簡單地介紹一下西方國家的舞蹈，比如它是如何產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的?！军c撥】exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時態(tài)。5.inone’sturn輪到某人；接著inturn依次；輪流；反之；相應(yīng)地byturns輪流；交替地taketurnstodosth輪流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth輪到某人做某事【點撥】byturns是“輪流；交替地”的意思，多指兩個人或兩個行為之間的交替進行；如果表示“按順序”則應(yīng)該用inturn。6.prevent...from阻止；制止?preventsb/sth(from)doingsth阻止/制止某人/某物做某事stopsb(from)doingsth阻止某人做某事keepsbfrom(doing)sth阻止某人做某事protectsbfrom/against...保護某人免遭……?preventionn.阻止；防止eg.(浙江6月卷)FrightenedasIwas,Itriedtokeepmybalancetopreventmyselffromfallingoff.雖然我很害怕，但我努力保持平衡，防止自己摔倒?！军c撥】短語prevent/stop...fromdoingsth中的from可以省略，keep...fromdoingsth中的from不能省略。但在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，from均不可省略。7.puzzlen.謎；難題；(游戲的)猜謎；智力游戲vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難；(使)窘困；感到迷惑?puzzleabout/over冥思苦想；絞盡腦汁?apuzzletosb一件讓某人感到困惑的事情inapuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好?puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑不解的bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解eg.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)Whatpuzzlesmemostabouttheplayishowweshoulduseproperstagelanguagesfordifferentroles.(求助信)這出戲最讓我困惑的是我們應(yīng)該如何為不同的角色使用適當?shù)奈枧_語言。【聯(lián)想】過去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，用來修飾與人有關(guān)的一些名詞，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。8.crashvi.&vt.碰撞；墜落n.(汽車的)撞車事故；(飛機的)失事；撞擊聲crashinto/onto...撞到……上/里withacrash轟隆一聲eg.(2022·廈門模擬)Assoonaswesatdown,weheardacrashwiththeboyfallingontothefloorwithalltheplateshewascarrying.我們一坐下，就聽到一聲巨響，男孩帶著所有的盤子摔在地上。9.pullvt.拉(draw，drag)；拖n.拉(力)；拖；牽引力pullin到站；(火車)進站pullout拔掉；離開；(火車)離站pullover靠邊停車pullup停車；停止pulldown拉下；拆毀；摧毀；推翻pullthrough使從(受傷)中活下來；渡過難關(guān)；康復(fù)pulloff脫下；贏得；努力實現(xiàn)eg.(北京卷書面表達)Iamsureyouwillovercomethelanguagebarrierandpullthroughthedifficulties.我相信你會克服語言障礙，渡過難關(guān)。10.cheerup感到高興；感到振奮；(使)高興；(使)振奮?cheersbup使某人振作起來cheersbon(比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵；為某人加油cheerfor為……歡呼；給……加油Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！?cheerfuladj.快樂的；高興的；興高采烈的eg.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thetwinscheeredupanddidastold.這對雙胞胎高興起來，照辦了。11.breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難、瘟疫、打斗等不愉快事件)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)breakawayfrom脫離(組織、政黨等)；突然掙脫(束縛)breakdown出故障；壞掉；失??；(健康等)垮掉breakin插話；破門而入breakinto破門而入breakup打碎；結(jié)束；分手；分裂；分解；放假eg.(2022·漳州模擬)In2020,whenthepandemicbrokeout,herfather’ssmallbusinesswasforcedtoclosetemporarily.2020年，當疫情爆發(fā)后，她父親的小企業(yè)被迫暫時關(guān)閉?！军c撥】breakout是不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。12.watchoutfor密切注意；當心；提防watchover照看；看守keepawatch(on/over)注視，監(jiān)視……【聯(lián)想】表示“注意；當心”的短語還有：lookout(for)，takecare，becareful教材詞塊1.awidelyacceptedtheory人們普遍接受的理論2.acloudofdust一團塵埃3.asolidglobe固態(tài)的球體4.maketheearth’satmosphere形成地球的大氣層5.befundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife對于生命的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用6.thecontinuedpresenceofwater長期存在著水7.produceachainreaction產(chǎn)生一個連鎖反應(yīng)8.produceyounggenerallybylayingeggs一般通過孵蛋而繁衍后代9.remainamystery仍然是一個謎10.givebirthtoyoungbabyanimals分娩小動物11.makeatripintospace去太空旅行12.blockoutthesunlight擋住太陽的光線13.escapethepulloftheearth’sgravity擺脫地球的引力14.farfromtheearth遠離地球15.floatweightlesslyaround由于失重飄來飄去16.getthehangofwalkingonthemoon掌握在月球走路的訣竅教材佳句1.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that...)地球(開始)變得如此激烈動蕩，以至于它的形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去還不清楚。2.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether引導(dǎo)主語從句)所以，在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。3.Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.(as...as...)當我們更接近月球時，就會感到月球的引力在拉我們，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。1.Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產(chǎn)生了一個連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。句型公式|makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb/sth)todo在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，it后面的形容詞或名詞為賓語補足語，for用于引出不定式的邏輯主語。(1)makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb/sth)todomake＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth(2)常用于這種句型的動詞還有：think，consider，find，feel等。①WatchingABiteofChinawillmakeiteasierforyoutounderstandwhyheisdeterminedtomakehislivingbyrunningaChinesefoodrestaurantinNewYork.觀看《舌尖上的中國》會讓你更容易理解為什么他決定在紐約開一家中餐館來謀生。②Inmyopinion,itisbettertomakeitarulethatweorganizesomeafter－classactivitiesregularlywiththehelpofourteachers.在我看來，最好規(guī)定我們在老師的幫助下定期組織一些課外活動。③Iconsideritnousequarrellingwithhimaboutit.我認為和他爭吵這件事是沒有用的。2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當我試圖往前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠，因而我摔倒了。句型公式|倍數(shù)表達法(1)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級＋as＋B(2)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級＋than＋B(3)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B(4)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋what從句，表示“A是……的多少倍”。紅色的尺子是黃色尺子的三倍長。→Theredruleristhreetimesaslongastheyellowone.→Theredruleristwicelongerthantheyellowone.→Theredruleristhreetimesthelengthoftheyellowone.→Theredruleristhreetimeswhattheyellowoneis.【點撥】在表示“兩倍”時要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上要用“基數(shù)詞＋times”。倍數(shù)有時也可以用分數(shù)、百分數(shù)或half等來替換。Part2學(xué)案式檢測——背誦效果速評估(限時20分鐘)Ⅰ.單詞過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達標——英漢互譯1.atmospheren.大氣層；氣氛2.gravityn.萬有引力；重力3.climaten.氣候4.crashvi.&vt.碰撞；墜落5.pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力6.floatvi.&vt.(使)浮動；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物7.systemn.系統(tǒng)；體系；制度8.theoryn.學(xué)說；理論9.presencen.出席；到場；存在10.chainn.鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈11.astronomyn.天文學(xué)12.fundamentaladj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的13.vapourn.蒸氣；水蒸氣14.multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加15.mammaln.哺乳動物16.weightlesslyadv.失重地17.extinctadj.滅絕的；絕種的18.lessenvi.&vt.減少；減輕課外拓展延伸——詞形變換1.astronomyn.天文學(xué)→astronomern.天文學(xué)家2.puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難n.謎；難題→puzzledadj.迷惑不解的→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的3.globen.球體；地球儀；地球→globaladj.全球性的；全世界的→globally__adv.全球地；世界上→globalizationn.全球化4.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的→violencen.暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地5.likevt.喜歡prep.像→likelyadj.可能的→unlikeprep.和……不同；不像adj.不同的；相異的；非……的特征→dislikevt.&n.不喜歡；討厭6.presentadj.目前的n.現(xiàn)在；禮物vt.頒發(fā)；呈現(xiàn)；展示；出席→presence__n.出席；到場；存在→presentationn.顯示；演示；授予；頒發(fā)7.harmn.&vt.傷害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的8.reactv.反應(yīng)→reactionn.反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)9.existvi.存在；生存→existencen.存在；生存→existingadj.現(xiàn)存的10.biologyn.生物學(xué)→biologistn.生物學(xué)家→biologicaladj.生物的；生物學(xué)的11.gentleadj.溫和的；文雅的→gentlyadv.輕輕地；溫和地→gentlemann.紳士12.physicsn.物理→physicistn.物理學(xué)家13.extinctadj.滅絕的；絕種的→extinctionn.滅絕；消亡14.weighvt.權(quán)衡；稱……重量→weightn.重量；重心；重物→weightless__adj.無重量的；失重的→weightlesslyadv.失重地15.exhaustvt.用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡→exhaustedadj.精疲力盡的；用完的；耗盡的→exhaustingadj.使人精疲力盡的Ⅱ.短語詞塊過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達標——英漢互譯1.prevent...from阻止；制止2.in__one’s__turn輪到某人3.watch__out__for密切注意；當心；提防4.in__time及時；終于5.cheer__up感到高興；感到振奮6.break__out突發(fā)；爆發(fā)7.now__that既然8.layeggs下蛋9.dependon依靠10.blockoutthesunlight擋住太陽的光線11.givebirthto產(chǎn)生；分娩12.acloudofdust一團塵埃13.maketheearth’satmosphere形成地球的大氣層14.remainamystery仍然是一個謎15.getthehangofwalkingonthemoon掌握在月球走路的訣竅課外拓展延伸——英漢互譯1.at__the__same__time同時2.do/cause__harm__to對……造成傷害3.take__turns__to__do__sth輪流做某事4.cheer__sb__on(比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵；為某人加油5.break__down出故障；壞掉；失敗；(健康等)垮掉6.inexistence現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的7.inapuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好8.withacrash轟隆一聲9.pullout拔掉；離開；(火車)離站10.keepawatch(on/over)注視，監(jiān)視……Ⅲ.句式過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達標——補全句子1.地球(開始)變得如此激烈動蕩，以至于它的形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去還不清楚。(so...that...)The__earth__became__so__violent__thatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2.當我們更接近月球時，就會感到月球的引力在拉我們，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(as...as)Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeas__strong__a__pull__as__the__earth’s.3.這就產(chǎn)生了一個連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。(makeit＋adj.＋forsthtodo)Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmade__it__possible__for__life__to__develop.4.但當我試圖往前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠，因而我摔倒了。(倍數(shù)表達法)ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwas__carried__twice__as__far__as__on__the__earthandfellover.課外拓展延伸——補全句子1.在我看來，最好規(guī)定我們在老師的幫助下定期組織一些課外活動。(makeit＋n.＋that從句)Inmyopinion,itisbettertomake__it__a__rule__that__we__organize__some__after－class__activities__regularlywiththehelpofourteachers.2.紅色的尺子是黃色尺子的三倍長。(倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.＋as)Theredruleris__three__times__as__long__astheyellowone.3.正如一句諺語所說，“有志者，事竟成”，我們的努力遲早會有所回報。(intime)Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethere’sawill，there’saway.”O(jiān)ur__efforts__will__pay__off__in__time.4.如今，違反交通規(guī)則和亂丟垃圾的現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮，對生命和環(huán)境造成了嚴重危害。(harmful)Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,whichis__harmful__to__life__and__the__environment.5.這出戲最讓我困惑的是我們應(yīng)該如何為不同的角色使用適當?shù)奈枧_語言。(puzzle)What__puzzles__me__most__about__the__playishowweshoulduseproperstagelanguagesfordifferentroles.Part3層級式精練——單元要點全練通1.harmful用法一遍過——練用法/寫美句①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer，whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.②However，notallpeopleknowthatnoiseisalsoakindofpollutionandisharmful(harm)tohumans’health.③Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer，doing__great__harm__to__their__health.(用分詞短語作狀語改寫①)2.puzzle用法巧練通——猜詞義/練用法/寫美句①(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh－techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath－relatedskills.n.智力游戲②(2022·石家莊模擬)Everybodywaspuzzled(puzzle)andaskedwhyJennyagainwasspeechless.③令我不解的是，他為什么悄悄地離開了這個國家。What__puzzles__me__is__why__he__left__the__countrywithouttellinganyone.3.pull短語個個清——練用法/寫美句①(天津卷)ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.②Itbrokehishearttoseetheoldhousehadbeenpulleddown.③Thefathersawthetrainhissonwasonpullout，withhiseyesfulloftears.④(北京卷書面表達)我相信你會克服語言障礙，渡過難關(guān)。Iamsureyouwillovercomethelanguagebarrierandpull__through__the__difficulties.4.time短語一網(wǎng)收——練用法/寫美句①Theboyhasgreatpotentialinsports.Trainedproperly，he’llmakeafirst－classathleteintime.②(2020·浙江7月卷)Oncethehelicopterlanded，wegotontoitinnotime，excitedandrelieved.③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Atthesametime，theirmotherwentouttobuythepaperbagsthattheyneeded.④Youshouldatnotimeloseheartwheneveryouareintrouble.⑤At__no__time__should__you__lose__heartwheneveryouareintrouble.(用倒裝句改寫④)5.make相關(guān)句型面面觀——練用法/寫美句①ImustmakeitclearthatI’llalwayssupportyou.②Hemakesitaruleto__get(get)upatsixeveryday.③(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)我的英語口語流利，并且深刻了解中國繪畫，這使我有可能成為一名合格的志愿者。MyfluentoralEnglishandgoodcommandofChinesepaintingsmade__it__possible__for__me__to__be__a__qualified__volunteer.6.“倍數(shù)”句型薈萃——練用法/寫美句①(浙江卷)Whenyou’resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart.②Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfaster(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.③Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisschoolisfourtimeswhatitwastenyearsago.④(2019·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)我們將投入三倍于以往的時間和精力，所以我相信我們這次會成功的。Wewilldevotethree__times__as__much__time__and__energy__as__wedidbefore，soIbelievewewillmakeitthistime.維度一詞形變化練1.(2021·浙江6月卷)Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresence(present)alonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.2.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Thepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadingglobally(globe).3.(2020·浙江7月卷)Inthepast，therewasoftenanautomaticreaction(react)toincreasedtraffic.4.(2019·江蘇卷)AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolence(violent)farbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.5.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmovedgently(gentle)alongtheriver，hewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.6.(2019·江蘇卷)Soscientistsaretryingtheirbesttosavethespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence(exist).7.Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientifictheories(theory)mustbebasedonfacts.8.Weshouldrespectpeopleofallfaithsandstandforreligious(religion)freedom.維度二固定用法練1.Theconversationwascarriedoninaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.2.Watchoutforachancetogetyoupromotedinthecompanyoryouwillregret.3.Mysistergavebirthtoahealthybabylastnight，whichmadeallmyfamilyveryhappy.4.Mrs.Brownpulleddownthecurtainsofherbedroomtoblockoutthestrongsunlight.5.(全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)Now__that__youarefondoftabletennis,I’dliketoinviteyoutojointheschoolteam.6.ItissochallengingajobthatIcan’tfinishitonmyown.7.Idohopeshecancheerupandacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!8.Whenitwasinmyturn，Iwastooexcitedtospeak.維度三語境辨義練■熟詞生義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性和詞義1.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”saysKathrynWhitehead.vt.提出，提請考慮(想法或計劃)2.(2019·江蘇卷)BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower”，hiswifeJonithoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhausted.adj.耗盡的，用完的■一詞多義——根據(jù)語境選出multiply的含義A.vt.乘；乘以B.vt.&vi.迅速增加C.vi.繁殖；增殖1.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Thefurtradekeptnutria(海貍鼠)incheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat－sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.C2.Thechildrenarealreadylearningtomultiplyanddivide.A3.Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.B人與自我——生活與學(xué)習(xí)用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識完成作文假如你是李華，你愛好太空探險但是卻得不到父母理解，于是你給英國朋友Stephen發(fā)電子郵件進行交流并請求幫助，要點如下：1.父母的意見；2.你的觀點(至少寫2點)。DearStephen，Thereexistsaproblembetweenmyparentsandme，whichhas1.made__it__impossible__for__me__to__concentrate__on__my__study(使我無法集中精力學(xué)習(xí)).Actually，IamsocrazyaboutspaceexplorationthatinmysparetimeIoftengotothelibrary，whereI2.have__got__the__hang__of__much__about__space__exploration(已經(jīng)掌握了很多關(guān)于太空探索的竅門).However，thismakesmyparentsveryangrybecausetheythinkmyhobby3.is__harmful__to__my__study(對學(xué)習(xí)有害).Moreover，whatupsetsmeisthattheyalwayspreventmefromgoingtothelibraryand4.urge__me__to__spend__more__than__twice__the__time__on__my__lessons(督促我在功課上多花兩倍多的時間).Inmyview，notonlyarehealthyhobbiesbeneficialtomyoveralldevelopmentbutcanalsocontributetomysuccessintime.5.Now__that__you__have__dealt__with__such__situation(既然你已經(jīng)處理了這種情況)，I’mwonderingwhetheryoucanoffermesomesuggestions.Yours，LiHuaPart4配餐式作業(yè)——高考題型精準練(限時30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·合肥市高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Rockclimbing，oneofthefastestgrowingsports，notonlybuildsphysicalstrengthandmentalfocus，butalsoleadsyoutosomebeautifulplaces.Herearesomeclimbingspotsforclimbers.AcadiaNationalPark，MaineThispopularNewEnglandparkisoneofthefewplaceswhereyoucanclimbseasiderocks.Thegranite(花崗巖)isgoodforclimbing.Insomeareas，youneedtostartwhentheseaisatitslowestlevel.Theareahasguides，instructorsandclimbingschools，makingitparticularlywelcomingforbeginners.Moreinformation：/acadRedRiverGorge，KentuckyThisgeologicalareainDanielBooneNationalForestisprizedforitsclimbingroutesandrockscenery.Thepark，locatedanhour’sdrivesoutheastofLexington，iswellknownintheclimbingworldforbothitsbeginner－friendlyterrain(地形)andmorechallengingsections.It’saplacewhereyoucanfindalotoffellowclimbers.Moreinformation：/recareaCityofRocksNationalReserve，IdahoThisnationalreserveneartheUtahborderisworthatripforthesceneryalone.NamedbygoldminersheadingtoCaliforniain1849，itsgranitelookslikeskyscrapers，towering600feetabovetheground.It’safascinatingareafromthegeologicandgeographicangles.ManyvisitorscomeforAugust’sIdahoMountainFestival，acelebrationofclimbingwithtopathletesinattendance.Moreinformation：/ciroEarthTreksEnglewood，ColoradoWhileyoucanfindclimbinggymsacrossthecountry，thisonejustinthesouthofDenverisworthaspecialtrip.Withmorethan53，000squarefeet，themassivefacilityhasaspecialrockclimbingarea，agroupofguidesandevenextraslikechildcareandyoga.Moreinformation：/englewood【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了攀巖的四個去處。1.WhatisspecialaboutAcadiaNationalPark?A.Ithasgoodclimbingroutes.B.It’slocatedinacoastalarea.C.Itprovidesafreeguidedtrip.D.It’sintendedforbeginners.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AcadiaNationalPark，Maine部分中的“ThispopularNewEnglandparkis...youcanclimbseasiderocks”“whentheseaisatitslowestlevel”可知，阿卡迪亞國家公園是為數(shù)不多的臨海的可攀巖之處，這是其特別之處。]2.WhatcanyoudoinCityofRocksNationalReserve?A.Meetmanygoldminers.B.Enjoytheviewfromatower.C.GotoenjoyafestivalinAugust.D.Gettrainedinaclimbinggym.答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CityofRocksNationalReserve，Idaho部分中的“Manyvisitorscomefor...withtopathletesinattendance”可知，游客在愛達荷州的巖石之城國家自然保護區(qū)可以參加八月愛達荷山脈節(jié)，所以C項正確。]3.Whichofthefollowingfavorsaparentwithachild?A.AcadiaNationalPark.B.RedRiverGorge.C.CityofRocksNationalReserve.D.EarthTreksEnglewood.答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EarthTreksEnglewood，Colorado部分中的“themassivefacilityhas...andevenextraslikechildcareandyoga”可知，帶小孩的家長適合去EarthTreksEnglewood，故D項正確。]【詞匯積累】1.welcomingadj.令人感到愜意的；舒適的2.beprizedfor因……被珍視/被高度重視3.towerover/abovesb/sth高于/超過(附近的人或物)4.massiveadj.巨大的；大而重的；極好的5.facility/f?'s?l?ti/n.設(shè)施；才能，天賦；特色服務(wù)6.extra熟義：adj.額外的；費用另計的生義：n.額外服務(wù)；附加物B(2022·唐山市二模)A293－million－milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover(探測器)toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18，2021，withapicture－perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar－sized，six－wheeledrover，nicknamedPercy，istheUSspaceagency’sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanet’sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds，whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentthatofEarth’s—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy’s12，000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees—anysteeper，andthespacecraftwouldburnup；anyflatter，anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed，PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap－readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy’sscientificinstruments.Onceready，theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade，butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof，”saidLoriGlaze，directorofNASA’sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe’lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover，itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell－equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples(樣本)carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了“毅力號”探測器的主要任務(wù)，以及其登陸火星過程中的情況。4.WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?A.Thespeedreduction.B.Theatmosphereanalysis.C.Thelocationsearch.D.Thetimemanagement.答案A[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，火星引力會使得接近火星的航天器更快速行進，并且火星稀薄的大氣層對減緩航天器的速度幾乎沒有幫助，故減速是“毅力號”探測器登陸火星的特別挑戰(zhàn)。]5.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B.Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.答案C[主旨大意題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知，該段尾句“Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe‘sevenminutesofterror’”為本段總結(jié)句，再結(jié)合該段上文可知，該段主要介紹了“七分鐘內(nèi)生存下來的因素”：降低速度，精確的切入角度。]6.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A.Thespot. B.Thearea.C.Thesystem. D.Thesurface.答案B[詞句猜測題。分析第四段尾句句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it的指代對象為map－readingsystem或thearea。再結(jié)合句意“其復(fù)雜的地圖讀取系統(tǒng)快速掃描該地區(qū)，并將其與數(shù)據(jù)庫中的地圖進行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代該句中的“thearea”。]7.WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze’swords?A.Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.B.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.C.ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.D.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段可知，確認火星曾經(jīng)存在過微生物需要大量的證據(jù)，而攜帶這些證據(jù)的樣本又需要裝備齊全的實驗室以及將精密儀器送回地球才能進行分析。據(jù)此可推知，人類要證明火星上曾有生命還有很長的路要走。]【詞匯積累】1.todate迄今為止2.manageableadj.可管理的，可操縱的，可處理的3.brieflyadv.短暫地，暫時地4.burden熟義：n.負擔，重負生義：n.責任5.harbor熟義：n.港口，海港生義：v.包含，藏有Ⅱ.七選五(2022·合肥市第三次質(zhì)量檢測)Anxietyanddepressionarecomplexconditions.Everyonecanbenefitfromlearninghowtocareaboutourmind.__1__?Self－compassion(自我同情)__2__Thiscanincludefeelinglikeyoumustbeperfecttobeaccepted.Theanswertoperfectionismisn’tlettingitallgo—it’sself－compassion,whichmeansyouarekindandunderstandingwhenfacedwithpersonalfailures—afterall,whoeversaidyouweresupposedtobeperfect?Howwetreatourselvesthroughtheupsanddownsoflifecanhaveahugeimpactonphysicalhealthandmentalhealth.?SocialConnectionFromthetimewewereborn,wehavebeenneedingsocialconnectioninordertogrowandsucceed.__3__Itcanbetalkingtoonetrustedpersonabouthowyou’rereallydoingorhavingavisitwithanyfamilymemberorfriend.Ifthisfeelsoutofreach,trymakingashortlistofpeoplewhoatanypointhavegivenyouasenseofbelonging.__4__?ExerciseExercisecanbeimportantforpreventingdepressionsincehavingasedentary(久坐不動的)lifestyleisariskfactor.__5__Anotherstudyfoundthat12weeksofexerciseat30minutes,threetofivetimesperweekreducedsymptomsby47%.Sothebestapproachis:Getwhateversupportisinreachandcareaboutyourmindbasedonwhatworksforyou.A.Itisimportanttobekindtoyourself.B.Butitdoesn’thavetobeabigpartyoranofficefullofpeople.C.Beingconstantlyself－criticalisriskyforanxietyanddepression.D.Itmaybevitaltounderstandhappinesswhenwestrugglewithmood.E.Onestudyfoundthat15minutesadayofexercisecansignificantlypreventdepression.F.Thefollowingbehaviorsaresomekeyoneslinkedtopreventionofanxietyanddepression.G.Studieshaveshownthatjustthinkingofpositiverelationshipscanhelpyoutoleratestress.【語篇解讀】