?？荚掝}二生態(tài)環(huán)保類“人與自然和諧發(fā)展”是時(shí)代的主題，生態(tài)環(huán)保類閱讀理解是歷年高考命題的熱點(diǎn)，這類文章與學(xué)生的生活息息相關(guān)。通過(guò)對(duì)這些話題的學(xué)習(xí)和高考英語(yǔ)對(duì)這些話題的考查，可以讓學(xué)生多注意身邊的人和事、關(guān)注社會(huì)環(huán)境、樹(shù)立環(huán)保意識(shí)、學(xué)會(huì)與大自然和諧相處。因此，考生應(yīng)該了解生態(tài)環(huán)保類文章的以下特點(diǎn)：話題內(nèi)容動(dòng)植物保護(hù)、環(huán)境保護(hù)、生態(tài)保護(hù)、自然災(zāi)害、環(huán)保生活方式、人與自然和諧發(fā)展。命題細(xì)節(jié)理解題、主旨大意題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、詞義猜測(cè)題等。生態(tài)環(huán)保類說(shuō)明文通常會(huì)開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山表明作者的觀點(diǎn)，并且通常使用比較新穎的詞匯和長(zhǎng)難句，這類材料的命題點(diǎn)往往落在主旨大意題和細(xì)節(jié)理解題上。具體答題策略如下：(2021·全國(guó)乙·C)You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear，theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse”，apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves，frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups，thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity，Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來(lái)源)ofplasticpollution，butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand，becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone，thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018，VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說(shuō)明)aspecificstatistic：Every60seconds，atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork，titled“TruckloadofPlastic”，VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic，whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.28．WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B．Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C．Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.29．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A．Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B．Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C．Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D．Tofindasubstituteforthem.30．Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A．Calming. B．Disturbing.C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculpturesATheAmazonrainforestisasundisturbedaplaceasmostpeoplecanimagine，buteventhere，theeffectsofachangingclimateareplayingout.Now，researchsuggeststhatmanyoftheregion’smostsensitivebirdspeciesarestartingtoevolveinresponsetowarming.Birdsareoftenconsideredsentinel(哨兵)species—meaningthattheyindicatetheoverallhealthofanecosystem—soscientistsareparticularlyinterestedinhowthey’rerespondingtoclimatechange.Ingeneral，thenewshasnotbeengood.Forinstance，a2019reportbytheNationalAudubonSocietyfoundthatmorethantwo-thirdsofNorthAmerica’sbirdspecieswillbeindangerofextinctionby2100ifwarmingtrendscontinueontheircurrentcourse.Forthenewstudy，researcherscollectedthebiggestdatasetsofarontheAmazon’sresidentbirds，representing77non-migratoryspeciesandlastingthe40yearsfrom1979to2019.Duringthestudyperiod，theaveragetemperatureintheregionrose，whiletheamountofrainfalldeclined，makingforahotter，dryerclimateoverall.AccordingtothereportonNovember12inthejournalScienceAdvances,36specieshavelostsubstantialweight，asmuchas2percentoftheirbodyweightperdecadesince1980.Meanwhile，allthespeciesshowedsomedecreaseinaveragebodymass，whileathirdgrewlongerwings.Becauseofthestudy’slongtimeseriesandlargesamplesizes，theauthorswereabletoshowthemorphological(形態(tài)學(xué)的)effectsofclimatechangeonresidentbirds.However，theresearchersthemselvesareunsureandwonderwhatadvantagethewinglengthchangesgivethebirds，butsupposesmallerbirdsmayhaveaneasiertimekeepingcool.Ingeneral，smalleranimalshavealargerrateofsurfaceareatobodysize，sotheydissipatemoreheatfasterthanabiggeranimal.Lessavailablefood，suchasfruitorinsects，indryerweathermightleadtosmallerbodysize.1．Whyarescientistsfondofdoingresearchonbirds?A．Theyhavesmallbodysizes.B．Theyaresensitivetohotweather.C．Theyliveinanundisturbedrainforest.D．Theyareecologicalbalanceindicators.2．Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A．Athirdofspecieshavebeenextinctforadecade.B．36specieslost2%oftheirbodyweighteveryyear.C．Two-thirdsofspeciesshowedaconsiderabledecreaseinweight.D．About26speciesrespondedtoclimatechangewithlongerwings.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipate”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Putoff. B．Giveoff.C．Putaway. D．Giveaway.4．Whatwouldprobablytheresearchersfurtherstudy?A．Whyitiseasierforsmalleranimalstokeepcool.B．Whateffectsthewinglengthchangeshaveonbirds.C．WhytheAmazonianbirdshavelostsubstantialweight.D．WhetherbirdspeciesinNorthAmericawillbeextinctin2100.BTheover48,000orangetreesinSeville，Spain，notonlyfillthecity’sairwiththepleasantsmelloforangeblossomsinspring，buttheyalsoproduceover16,500tonsoffruiteverywinter.ThoughthatmakesthecapitalofsouthernSpain’sAndalusiaregionEurope’stoporange-producingcity，thefruitistoosourtobeconsumedfresh.Whilesomeoftheproduceisusedtomakeorangejamandanalcoholicdrink，mostofitendsupinSeville’slandfills(填埋場(chǎng))．However，thatmaychangesoonthankstoacleverideatousetheorangestoproducecleanenergy.Thetrialprogramisbeinglaunchedbythecity’scouncilandparkdepartmentincooperationwithEmasesa，Seville’swatersupplyandsanitation(衛(wèi)生)division.Juicefrom38.6tonsoforangeswillbelefttoferment(發(fā)酵)inaspecializedfacility.Themethane(甲烷)releasedfromthefermentedliquidwillbecapturedandusedtodriveageneratortoproducecleanpower.Theofficialsestimatethetestrunwillproduceabout1,500kWhofenergy—enoughtorunoneofEmasesa’swaterpurificationplants.Toensurethereisnowaste，theorangeskins，peels，andfleshwillbeusedasfertilizer.“It’snotjustaboutsavingmoney.Theorangesareaproblemforthecity，andwe’reproducingaddedvaluefromwaste，”saidBenignoLopez，headofEmasesa’senvironmentaldepartment.Ifsuccessful，by2023，thecityhopestorecyclealltheorangesandaddtheelectricityproducedbackintoitspowertransmissionnetwork.Intrialruns，onetonoforangesproduced50kWhofcleanenergy—enoughtocoverthedailyelectricityneedsoffivehomes.Theprojectteamestimatesthatifallthefruitisrecycled，itwillproduceenoughenergytopowerasmanyas73,000residences.“Thisprojectwillhelpustoreachourtargetsforreducingemissions，energyself-sufficiency，andthecirculareconomy，”JuanEspadasCejas，mayorofSeville，saidinthepressconferenceannouncingthetrialscheme.5．WhatdoweknowaboutorangesinSevillefromthefirstparagraph?A．Theyareusuallypickedinspring.B