強化練(二)細節(jié)理解題(2)(限時：25分鐘)ADriveThruHistory?AdventuresDriveThruHistory，whetherasacourse，guide，orepisodiclesson，triestomakehistoricalinformationfun.DaveStottsgoestheextraliteralmiletobringhistorytoviewersincontextbytravelingtothelocationshe’sdiscussing.Thisiswherethe“adventure”subtitlecomesfrom.Thecourseshavesnowballedinpopularityduetothequalityofthematerialaswellasthehumorandinventivenessofthehost.FeaturesoftheDriveThruHistoryCoursesEachcoursecomeswithmanywaystoview，absorb，andtestyourknowledgeofitstopics.ThemainpurchaseisOnDemand，HDstreamingofyourfavoriteDriveThruHistory?episodes.YoualsogetprintCourseguidesthatcomewithworksheets，answerguides，andarticleswrittenbyindustryexpertsontopicscoveredinthecourses.Withyourpurchase，youcanalsohaveaccesstoacommunityofotherDriveThruHistory?fans，withexclusivecontentupdates!WaystojointheAdventure·BuyasingleDriveThruHistory?CourseOuronlinecoursesincludelifetimeon-demandvideostreaming，acourseguide，andadditionalresourcestohelpyoulearnasmuchfromoneseriesaspossible.·JoinourAll-AccessmembershipIfyoulikewhatyoubought，youcanbuytheAll-Accesspass.Thispassgivesyoutheabilitytoviewallthereleasedcoursesbypayinganannualfee.All-Accesscomesinat$119.95.Onceyou’resubscribed，yoursubscriptionwillautomaticallyrenewtokeepyouup-to-dateonthelatestDriveThruHistory?content!WhetheryoubuyasinglecourseortheAll-Accesspass，yougetthesamebasicfeatures.Thesebonuseswillhelpyoumakeyourhistorylessonscomealive.1．HowdoesDaveStottsmakethecoursesfun?A．Bysharinghistoryonlocation.B．Byrevisinghistoricalmaterials.C．Bypresentinghi-techinventions.D．Byorganizingadventureactivities.2．Whatwillyougetafteryoubuythecourses?A．Tourguides.B．Videostreaming.C．Articlesfromstudents.D．Interactionwiththehost.3．WhatdoesanAll-Accessmembershipoffer?A．Adiscountedannualfee.B．Additionalhistorylessons.C．Updatesonthelatestcontent.D．Limitedaccesstosomecourses.BTherearefewplacesonEarththathumanshaven’tmessedup.NowevenAntarctica，theonlycontinentwithnopermanenthumaninhabitants，isbeingalteredbyus.AstudyfoundthattheincreasinghumanpresenceinAntarcticaiscausingmoresnowmelt—badnewsforafrozenworldalreadybattlingtheeffectsofhuman-causedglobalwarming.Blackcarbon，thedarkdustypollutionthatcomesfromburningfossilfuelshassettledinlocationswheretouristsandresearchersspendalotoftime，scientistsfound.Eventhesmallestamountofthedarkpollutantcanhaveasignificantimpactonmeltingbecauseofitsverylowreflectiveness：thingsthatarelightincolor，likesnow，reflectthesun’senergyandstaycool；thingsthataredark，likeblackcarbon，absorbthesun’senergyandwarmup.“Thesnowalbedo(反射率)effectisoneofthelargestuncertaintiesinregionalandglobalclimatemodelingrightnow，”AliaKhan，asnowandicescientistatWesternWashingtonUniversity，toldCNN.“That’soneofthemotivationsforthestudy，toquantifytheimpactofblackcarbononregionalsnowmelt，whichisimportantforquantifyingtheroleofblackcarboninthegloballossofsnowandice.”“Antarcticaissittingthereprettymuchsilentlyallyear.But，ifitweren’tthere，inthestatethatitismeanttobe，thebalancethatwehaveintheclimatesystemwillnolongerbe，”MarilynRaphael，ageographyprofessorsaid.“Antarctica’sseaiceisalsoimportanttomaintainabalanceinatmosphericcirculation，”headded.Aswatersgetwarmer，someAntarcticcreaturesarefindingtheirhomesmoreandmoreunlivable.“Everythingwedohasconsequences，”Raphaelsaid.“Weneedtoeducateourselvesaboutthoseconsequences，especiallyinsystemsthatweknowrelativelylittleabout.Wehavetobecarefulthatwedon’tupsettheclimatebalance.”4．Whycanthesmallestamountofblackcarbonhaveahugeimpactonmelting?A．Itishighlyreflective.B．Itsdarkcolourabsorbsheat.C．Itproducesvastenergy.D．Itcausesmuchpollution.5．AccordingtoAlia，whichofthefollowingisonereasonforconductingthestudy?A．Tomeasuretheimpactofblackcarbononmelting.B．Toquantifythecostofbattlingagainstclimatechange.C．Toremovetheuncertaintiesofglobalwarmingeffects.D．Tourgepeopletopaymoreattentiontomeltingproblem.6．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThechangecausedbyAntarcticicemelting.B．ThemethodstostopAntarcticicemelting.C．ThesignificanceofAntarcticbeinginitsstate.D．ThesufferingsAntarcticcreaturesareexperiencing.7．WhatdoesRaphaeladvisepeopletodo?A．Reducetouristnumbers.B．Facetheconsequences.C．Acquireprofessionaleducation.D．Stopdisturbingtheclimate.CEverwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords？Yes，sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords，unlesseventuallyverywelltrained，afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities，accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScientificReports.“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords，”saidresearcherClaudiaFugazzafromtheE?tv?sLorndUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy，theteaminvolvedtwogifteddogs，WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogstothenewwordsintwodifferentconditions.Intheexclusion-basedtask，presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy，thedogswereabletoselectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythisprovesthatdogscanchoosebyexclusionwhenfacedwithanewword，theyselectedtheonlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.However，thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact，whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname，thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.Theothercondition，thesocialone，wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog，provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy，evenafterhearingitonly4times.“Therapidlearningthatweobservedseemstoequalchildren’sabilitytolearnmanynewwordsatafastratearoundtheageof18months，”Fugazzasays.“Butwedonotknowwhetherthelearningmechanisms(機制)behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.”Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway,20otherdogsweretestedinthesamecondition，butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames，confirmingthattheabilitytolearnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingisveryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.8．WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?A．Tobettertraindogs’abilitytolearnnewwords.B．Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.C．Toproveextraord