第31講閱讀表達(dá)（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.三年真題表達(dá)考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表天津卷2020年3月記敘文人與自我：作者從內(nèi)向害羞到自信的轉(zhuǎn)變6月記敘文人與自我：找到真正自我和自信不再追隨他人發(fā)揮自己特長天津卷2021年3月記敘文人與自我：找到自己真正地愛好特長實(shí)現(xiàn)人生的轉(zhuǎn)變6月記敘文人與社會(huì)：湯講述了退休藝術(shù)家Anneke

Camstra，人老心不老，積極對(duì)待生活，在線上從事動(dòng)畫教學(xué)的故事。天津卷2022年3月記敘文人與社會(huì)：湯退休夫婦制作手工玩具捐贈(zèng)給慈善幫助貧困兒童。6月記敘文人與社會(huì)：湯文章主要記敘了作者經(jīng)歷過的一個(gè)突發(fā)事故，新年夜變壓器爆炸，十五個(gè)朋友面面相覷，沒有電還需要做年夜飯，但作者和朋友一起努力，度過了一個(gè)美好的新年夜2021年北京卷說明文人與社會(huì)：如果爭(zhēng)吵得到解決，與之相關(guān)的情緒反應(yīng)會(huì)顯著減少或幾乎完全消除2022年北京卷記敘文人與社會(huì)：湯姆看到自己學(xué)校的學(xué)生喝含糖的飲料，隨后發(fā)明了一種適合所有年齡的人們可以喝的無糖的健康飲料2023年北京卷說明文人與自我：習(xí)慣是如何形成的以及對(duì)人的影響2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近三年閱讀表達(dá)命題規(guī)律呈以下特點(diǎn)：體裁：記敘文為主說明文為輔，難度系數(shù)較低，適中。考查題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞義猜測(cè)題，還有開放性題目?！緜淇疾呗浴颗μ嵘忸}能力，以便輕松應(yīng)對(duì)此題型。俗話說熟能生巧。在日常學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生要認(rèn)真對(duì)待老師精選的相關(guān)訓(xùn)練，勤加練習(xí)。練習(xí)時(shí)需注意以下幾個(gè)方面：（1）讀懂題目，帶問題閱讀；（2）快速通讀全文，明確文章主旨大意；（3）針對(duì)題目各個(gè)擊破。就歸納總結(jié)具體信息類題目，應(yīng)確保所查找信息點(diǎn)全面；詞義、句意猜測(cè)類題目，要聯(lián)系前后文語境判斷；觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽饕鈭D類題目，應(yīng)基于文章的整體內(nèi)容作答；主旨要義以及推理題需視具體情況而定，有針對(duì)段落的命題，也有針對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的命題。（4）答語要簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確。因?yàn)橛性~數(shù)要求，學(xué)生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)方式，必要時(shí)可用單詞代替短語，用非謂語代替從句，用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行詞性或詞義轉(zhuǎn)換。名言警句一般都簡(jiǎn)潔明了，可用來作答某些題目。（5）做好作答后的檢查，檢查項(xiàng)包括作答內(nèi)容是否與設(shè)問“對(duì)應(yīng)”、作答詞數(shù)是否符合題目要求、拼寫（含大小寫）、語法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等是否正確無誤。【命題預(yù)測(cè)】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來看，預(yù)測(cè)2024年高考閱讀表達(dá)閱讀表達(dá)仍然會(huì)綜合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、語言概括能力、推理判斷能力以及自主創(chuàng)新能力。題型總覽高考改革的一大特色就是在高考中增加了閱讀表達(dá)這一題型。占10分，5個(gè)小題。閱讀表達(dá)題是一種綜合性的題型，既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，又考查書面表達(dá)能力，同時(shí)，這類題目不但選材緊跟時(shí)代步伐，而且體裁多樣、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、層次分明，是一種不錯(cuò)的試題。然而，同學(xué)們對(duì)這一題型卻感到束手無策，不知從何下筆。針對(duì)這一情況，我們應(yīng)在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中不斷總結(jié)做題方法，探索答題規(guī)律，掌握這類題目的解題技巧。開放性問題答語積累】人性格形容詞-determined，brave，persistent，lovely，loving，friendly，warm-hearted，kind，nice，good，patient，responsible，humorous，active，optimisticApersonwithastrongsenseofresponsibilityApersonwhonevergivesup故事的形容詞-fantastic，moving，impressive獲得什么啟示？-Iwillnevergiveupwhenfacing/Iamfacedwithdifficulties.Iwillsparenoefforttoachievemygoal/dreamnomatterhowhard/difficultitis.你是負(fù)責(zé)人，舉辦什么活動(dòng)？--回答詳細(xì)內(nèi)容deliveraspeech/organizeacompetition/holdanactivity(inorderto)Iwillencouragethemtoovercomethedifficulties.你的職業(yè)？你想選擇什么專業(yè)？--Iwanttobeacook,becauseIcancookvariousdeliciousfoodtomeetpeople’stastes./tomakemyselfhappy.Iwanttobeadoctor,becauseIcansavepeople’slifeandhelpthemtreatthedisease.Iwanttobeateacher,becauseIcanteachstudentsknowledgeandhelpthemtobeusefulpersons.Iwanttomajorinmaths,becausemathscanhelpmecultivatelogicalandrationalthinking.IwanttolearnEnglish,becauseIhavenodifficultyincommunicatingwithforeignfriendsinEnglish./itpalysanimportantroleinourdailylife.考點(diǎn)一、細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題：1、題目要求：要求考生能撲捉并理解文章中出現(xiàn)的具體信息，并結(jié)合文中的具體要求進(jìn)行回答。2、設(shè)問形式此類問題的設(shè)置通?；谖恼伦陨韮?nèi)容，常用what,why,how等特殊疑問詞進(jìn)行提問。3、答題技巧：解該類題時(shí)，首先要仔細(xì)審題，然后根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞快速、準(zhǔn)確地在文章中定位相應(yīng)的語句，結(jié)合該語句（或其上下句）的內(nèi)容，用正確的格式進(jìn)行回答，答案內(nèi)容往往是固定的、唯一的。問題形式:EQ\o\ac(○,1)Why..?回答形式:+名詞性短語(表示原因);To+動(dòng)Because+句子(表示原因);Becauseof詞原形(表示目的);lnorderto+動(dòng)詞原形(表目的)②問題形式：What...?回答形式：完整的句子；名詞（短語）；動(dòng)名詞（短語）③問題形式：列舉性問題。回答形式：名詞（短語）；動(dòng)名詞（短語）。④問題形式：How...?（詢問方式）回答形式：By(doing)..；完整的句子。2021年6月天津卷56.WhatdoesAnnekeenjoydoingafterherretirement?(nomorethan10words)_______________________________________________________考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中“Shelovestheexperienceofgainingnewknowledgeandalsolovessharingitwithothers.(她喜歡獲得新知識(shí)的經(jīng)歷，也喜歡與他人分享。)”以及她所說的話“I’vetakensomanyUdemycourses,andifssuchagreatfeelingtogetmybrainworkingagain.Ifindjustasmuchsatisfactioninteachinganimationtoo.(我上了很多Udemy的課程，能讓我的大腦重新工作真是太棒了。我在動(dòng)畫教學(xué)中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了同樣的滿足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后獲得新的知識(shí)并與人分享，她參加Udemy課程并教授動(dòng)畫。故答案為Gainingnewknowledgeandsharingitwithothers.Or:TakingUdemycoursesandteachinganimation.（2023·天津河西·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列各題。Attheageof15,RoxanneBlack-Weisheitwastoldthatshegotlupus,asystemicautoimmune(自身免疫)diseasethatoccurswhenone’sbody’simmunesystemattacksthehealthytissuesandorgans.Shortlyafter,Black-Weisheitdesperatelysoughtemotionalsupport.Shewantedafriendwhocouldtrulyunderstandhersituation,andshefiguredtherewereotherswhoneededthis,too.So,duringherfirstyearofcollege,shecreatedFriends’HealthConnection(FHC),anon-profitorganizationthathelpedpeoplewithsimilarhealthconditions.AsshewasstartingFHC,lupuswasdestroyingherkidneyfunction.Duringhersenioryearofcollege,shehadherfirstkidneytransplantand13yearslater,shehadhersecondone.Throughitall,shedidn’tforgoFHC.She’deventransformedherhospitalroomintoan“office”andworkedinherhospitalbed.Aftergraduation,shesecuredenoughfundingtocontinuegrowingherorganization,anditbecameherfull-timejob.But,unfortunately,lupusandkidneytransplantsweren’ttheendofBlack-Weisheit’shealthissues.Fiveyearsago,at42,shehadlymphoma.Black-Weisheit’snewdiseaseleftherextremelyweakandtired,andsheknewshehadtomakeachoiceaboutFHC．“Sincemytimeandenergywerelimitedandmyfuturewasuncertain,theboardandIdecidedtocloseouroffice.Iwantedtodevoteallmyenergytokeepingmyfamilylifeasnormalaspossible,”sheexplained.Hercareerdidn’tendthere,though.Whenshestartedfeelingbetter,shefelttheurgetostartworkingagain.UsingherexperiencefromFHC,shestartedanewcompany—ScheduleA,whichhelpsothercompaniesscheduledifferenttypesofspeakersfortheirevents.ThisisnowBlack-Weisheit’scurrentjob.Butshemissedrunningherownnon-profitorganization,soshestartedtryingtofigureouthowtobringbackFHC．And,recently,shereceivedsomegreatnews:ApastFHCdonorwouldprovideherwithagranttogettheorganizationrunningagain.6．WhatdidBlack-Weisheitrealizeshortlyafterbeingtoldthatshegotlupus?(nomorethan8words)7．WhydidBlack-Weisheitcreatethenon-profitorganizationFHC?(nomorethan10words)8．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?(nomorethan10words)9．WhatmadeBlack-Weisheitdecidetoclosetheofficeintheend?(nomorethan5words)10．WhatdoyouthinkofBlack-Weisheit?Why?(nomorethan20words)【答案】6．Theimportanceofseekingemotionalsupport.7．Tohelpotherpeoplesufferingsimilardiseases.8．Shedidn’tgiveupFHCduringhertreatment.9．Herpoorhealthconditions.10．Ithinkshe’sarolemodelformanypeoplebecauseshetriedtohelpotherseventhoughshesufferedgreatly.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了RoxanneBlack-Weisheit因?yàn)榛剂死钳?，非?？释楦兄С?，于是?chuàng)建了非營利組織FHC，幫助有類似健康狀況的人。文章介紹了她治病的過程以及組織的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況。6．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“Shortlyafter,Black-Weisheitdesperatelysoughtemotionalsupport.Shewantedafriendwhocouldtrulyunderstandhersituation,andshefiguredtherewereotherswhoneededthis,too.(不久之后，Black-Weisheit拼命尋求情感支持。她想要一個(gè)能真正理解她處境的朋友，她覺得其他人也需要這樣的朋友)”可知，Black-Weisheit在被告知她得了狼瘡后不久意識(shí)到了尋求情感支持的重要性。故答案為Theimportanceofseekingemotionalsupport.7．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“So,duringherfirstyearofcollege,shecreatedFriends’HealthConnection(FHC),anon-profitorganizationthathelpedpeoplewithsimilarhealthconditions.(因此，在她大學(xué)的第一年，她創(chuàng)建了朋友健康聯(lián)系（FHC），這是一個(gè)非營利組織，幫助有類似健康狀況的人)”可知，Black-Weisheit創(chuàng)建了非營利組織FHC是為了幫助其他患有類似疾病的人。故答案為Tohelpotherpeoplesufferingsimilardiseases.8．考查句意猜測(cè)。根據(jù)畫線句后文“She’deventransformedherhospitalroomintoan“office”andworkedinherhospitalbed.(她甚至把自己的病房變成了“辦公室”，在病床上工作)”可知，她在治療期間沒有放棄FHC，她甚至把自己的病房變成了“辦公室”，在病床上工作。故畫線句意思是“她在治療期間沒有放棄FHC”。故答案為Shedidn’tgiveupFHCduringhertreatment.9．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Black-Weisheit’snewdiseaseleftherextremelyweakandtired,andsheknewshehadtomakeachoiceaboutFHC.“Sincemytimeandenergywerelimitedandmyfuturewasuncertain,theboardandIdecidedtocloseouroffice.Iwantedtodevoteallmyenergytokeepingmyfamilylifeasnormalaspossible,”sheexplained.(Black-Weisheit的新疾病使她極度虛弱和疲憊，她知道她必須對(duì)FHC做出選擇?！坝捎谖业臅r(shí)間和精力有限，我的未來也不確定，董事會(huì)和我決定關(guān)閉我們的辦公室。我想把我所有的精力都投入到讓我的家庭生活盡可能正常，”她解釋道)”可知，Black-Weisheit最終決定關(guān)閉辦公室是因?yàn)樗慕】禒顩r不佳。故答案為Herpoorhealthconditions.10．開放性試題，題干：你覺得Black-Weisheit怎么樣？為什么？（不超過20字）可回答：我認(rèn)為她是許多人的榜樣，因?yàn)樗M管遭受了很大的痛苦，但還是努力幫助別人。故答案為Ithinkshe’sarolemodelformanypeoplebecauseshetriedtohelpotherseventhoughshesufferedgreatly.考點(diǎn)二、主旨表達(dá)題1．題目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②給文章擬一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。2．設(shè)問形式：①What'sthemainideaofthepassage/Paragraph...?②What'sthepassagemainlyabout?③What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?3．答題技巧：考生在回答該類問題時(shí)，要善于歸納文章、語段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主題段、主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和核心詞。解該類題時(shí)，注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關(guān)鍵詞，二要計(jì)言簡(jiǎn)練。4．常用的回答形式有：①名詞短語／動(dòng)名詞短語；②名詞＋后置定語；名詞＋定語從句；名詞＋同位語從句；③名詞性從句或"疑問詞＋不定式":What.../Why...How./Howto...?2021年6月天津卷58.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?(nomorethan15words)_______________________________________________________考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中“Annekeunderstandshowfearcangetinthewayofsomanythingspeopledreamofdoing.Withherfive-daychallengecourses,shehelpsthemgetoverthefear.Annekelovestheimpactshehasonherstudents.Whatmakeshermoreproudofthemisthattheyhavegonefromtheirfirstanimationtocreatingtheirownworks.(Anneke知道恐懼是如何阻礙人們夢(mèng)想的事情。通過為期五天的挑戰(zhàn)課程，她幫助他們克服恐懼。Anneke喜歡她對(duì)學(xué)生的影響。更讓她感到自豪的是，他們已經(jīng)從第一部動(dòng)畫發(fā)展到創(chuàng)作自己的作品。)”可知，第3段的主旨是Anneke幫助學(xué)生克服克服恐懼并創(chuàng)造他們自己的動(dòng)畫作品。故答案為Annekehelpsherstudentsgetoverthefearandcreatetheirownanimationworks.（2023·北京昌平·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Therearemanyhistoricalsitesandplacesintheworldthatgiveusinsightandevidenceofthepastcivilization.Thesesiteshelpuslearnaboutourancestors,theirlivingandculture.Thesesitescanbecalledcommonoruniversalheritage(遺產(chǎn))ofhumankindandourworldheritage.Thesesitesfromthepastcivilizationsareforallhumans.Wemustliveinthemtodayandalsopassthemontofuturegenerations.Theyteachusaboutourpastandrepresentthegreatachievementsofourancestorsandmakeusproud.Worldheritagehashistorical,culturalandeconomicsignificance.Ithasexceptionalvalueandimportanceforhumankindfromhistory,scienceandartspointsofviewandmustbecaredfor.ManyUNESCOsitesthatstandtodayareunderthreat.ThereisalistofthirtysitesbyUNESCOthatareendangered.Therearemanyexternalfactorsresponsiblefordamagingtheworldheritage,someofwhichareclimatechange,naturaldisasters,urbanizationanduncheckedtourismetc.Withthegrowingstrengthoftheseexternalfactors,itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttotakepropermeasurestosaveandpreservethesetimelessachievementsofhumankind.Therearemanycommunitiesandorganizationsintheworldwhichareworkingtoprotectthesesites.Wecanworkwiththeseorganizations,travelagencies,governmentgroupsandlocalcommunities.Weshouldjointhemtosupporttheircause.AnotherwaytoplayourpartistoshouldertravelresponsibilityTourismcangeneratefundsfortherestorationofhistoricalsitesbutatthesametimeuncheckedtourismcandamagethemseriously.Theyoungergenerationmustpreservetheidentityofthepeoplewhocamebeforethem.Nomatterwhatisourreach,weshouldhelpprotectthemthrougheffectivemeans.Oureverystepwouldcountandhelpinprotectingtheworldheritagesites.74．WhatisParagraph2mainlytalkingabout?【答案】74．Theimportanceofhistoricalsites.74．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段“Thesesitesfromthepastcivilizationsareforallhumans.Wemustliveinthemtodayandalsopassthemontofuturegenerations.Theyteachusaboutourpastandrepresentthegreatachievementsofourancestorsandmakeusproud.Worldheritagehashistorical,culturalandeconomicsignificance.Ithasexceptionalvalueandimportanceforhumankindfromhistory,scienceandartspointsofviewandmustbecaredfor.(這些來自過去文明的遺址是給所有人類的。我們今天必須生活在它們之中，也要把它們傳給后代。它們告訴我們我們的過去，代表了我們祖先的偉大成就，讓我們感到自豪。世界遺產(chǎn)具有歷史、文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。從歷史、科學(xué)和藝術(shù)的角度來看，它對(duì)人類具有特殊的價(jià)值和重要性，必須得到照顧)”可知，第二段的主旨是歷史遺跡的重要性。故答案為Theimportanceofhistoricalsites.考點(diǎn)三、推斷表達(dá)題1．題目要求：要求考生能夠在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析，做出合理的推理和判斷。推斷表達(dá)題包含兩個(gè)方面的，容，一是對(duì)文中的具體內(nèi)容做出推理和判斷；二是推測(cè)作者或文中相關(guān)人物的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。2．設(shè)問形式：①What'sthepurposeofthetext?②Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention..inParagraph...?③Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanbysaying...?④Whatkindofattitudedoestheauthorhavetowards...?⑤Whatdoes...imply?⑥Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?3．答題技巧：①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的線索。②要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能斷章取義，以么全。③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知，推斷未知。④不能主觀臆想，也不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)⑤了解語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，重視文章的主旨，體會(huì)文章基調(diào)，所寫答案的內(nèi)容一定要立足于語篇內(nèi)容和主旨。⑥把握句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系，把握邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者1L弦外之音，揣摩出作者的態(tài)度。⑦回答要緊扣題目，語言既要完整，又要簡(jiǎn)潔，不要超過規(guī)定詞數(shù)。【2022年天津卷第二次】Itwasadarkandstormynight.Theferociouswindshookthewindowswildly,asthoughsomeoneoutsidewerebeatingontheglass.ItwasalsoNewYear’sEve.Wewerehavingourannualpartyandhadahousefullofpeoplejuststartingtocelebrate.Suddenly,weheardloudexplosions.Lookingoutsideandupintothehills,wesawsparks(火花)flyingfromelectricaltransformers(變壓器).Oneareaafteranotherwentdarkupinthosehills.Thentherewastheloudestexplosionofthemallandourhousewentdarktoo.Itriedtofindeverycandlewehadandlitthem.Thecandlesmadeeverythinglooklovely.Butwehadproblems.Wehadfifteenpeoplestandingaroundandwestillhadtocookdinner.Howwouldwedothatwithoutelectricity?Thebarbecue!Whynotcookonthebarbecue?Wemenwentoutside,someholdingflashlightsandotherscooking.Wedidawonderfuljob.Thewomenstayedinsideandgotthesaladsready.Everythingwasdelicious.Therewerestillafewhourstogobeforethebeginningofthenewyear,soweallsataroundthediningroomtableandsangupuntilafewminutesbeforemidnight.Wecouldn’twatchtheballdropinTimesSquareontelevisionbutthatwouldn’tstopusfromcelebrating.Istoodonachairand,withthehelpofsomeone’swatchtotellusthetime,weallcounteddownandIdroppedatennisball!WeallscreamedHappyNewYear.Wedidn’tneedelectricityforthat!Nowadays,westillgettogetherwiththesamegrouptocelebratetheNewYearandwestilltalkaboutthatspecialnight.Idon’tthinkwehaveeverlaughedsomuchaswedidonthatNewYear’sEve.59.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthatparticularNewYear’sEve?(nomorethan8words)____________________________________________________________60.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostnecessaryqualitywhendealingwithanunexpecteddifficultsituation?Pleaseexplainwhy.(nomorethan25words)____________________________________________________________【答案59.Itwasthemostexcitingone./Itwasanightfilledwithlaughter./Itwasspecial./Exciting./Pleasant./Unforgettable./Joyful./Different./Memorable./Unique.60.Itiscourage,foritgivesusstrength,whichenablesustodealwithdifficulties.【59題詳解】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第四段“Nowadays,westillgettogetherwiththesamegrouptocelebratetheNewYearandwestilltalkaboutthatspecialnight.Idon’tthinkwehaveeverlaughedsomuchaswedidonthatNewYear’sEve.(現(xiàn)在，我們?nèi)匀痪墼谝黄饝c祝新年，我們?nèi)匀徽務(wù)撃莻€(gè)特別的夜晚。我想我們從來沒有像那個(gè)新年前夜那樣笑得那么開心過。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為那一夜是特別的，是充滿歡笑的。故答案為Itwasthemostexcitingone./Itwasanightfilledwithlaughter./Itwasspecial./Exciting./Pleasant./Unforgettable./Joyful./Different./Memorable./Unique.?！?0題詳解】考查推理判斷。本題要求考生基于對(duì)篇章整體內(nèi)容理解，對(duì)青年人面對(duì)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)如何面對(duì)給出自己的想法，為開放性試題。故參考答案為：Itiscourage,foritgivesusstrength,whichenablesustodealwithdifficulties.（2023·天津·耀華中學(xué)?？家荒＃╅喿x短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Lifeonthestreetisaconstantstruggleforhomelesspeople.Inextremeweatherconditions,thatstrugglebecomesevenmoredifficult.Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn’tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.OnJanuary30,34-year-oldCandicePayne,alocalmanagingbroker,wasluckyenoughtohaveshelterfromthedangerousconditions.“Itwas-20℃,andIknewtheyweregoingtobesleepingoniceandIhadtodosomething,”saidPayne.Paynestartedbrainstormingdifferentwaysshecouldpossiblyhelp.Finally,shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalinnsandhotelsthatshecouldgettohelpthosestuckonthestreet.ForPayne,hermissionwaspersonal.AccordingtoPayne,herhusband,CarlosCallahan,hadlivedonthestreetatonepointinhislife.Basedonhisexperience,Payneknewthatthehomelesspeoplestilllivingonthestreetdesperatelyneededhelpandshewantedtostepup.However,whenPayneexplainedwhatshewastryingtodo,manyofthelocalhotelsrefusedtoallowhertopayfortheroomsastheydidn’twanthomelesspeopletostayintheirrooms.“Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,wasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,”saidPayne.Payne’sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountry.However,sheinsistedshehadneverdoneitforattention.“Iamaregularperson,”saidPayne,whospentthousandsofdollarsofherownmoneytohelpcompletestrangers.“Itallsoundedlikearichpersondidthis,butI’mjustalittleblackgirlfromtheSouthSide.”60．WhywasCandicePaynedeterminedtohelphomelesspeople?(nomorethan10words)【答案】60．Becausesheknewhomelesspeople’sstrugglefromherhusband’spastexperience.Becausesheknewthehomelessdesperatelyneededhelp.Becausesheworriedaboutthosestuckonthestreet.60．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段“ForPayne,hermissionwaspersonal.AccordingtoPayne,herhusband,CarlosCallahan,hadlivedonthestreetatonepointinhislife.Basedonhisexperience,Payneknewthatthehomelesspeoplestilllivingonthestreetdesperatelyneededhelpandshewantedtostepup.(對(duì)Payne來說，她的任務(wù)是私人的。據(jù)Payne說，她的丈夫CarlosCallahan一生中有一段時(shí)間曾露宿街頭。根據(jù)他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，Payne知道那些仍然住在街上的無家可歸的人迫切需要幫助，她想挺身而出)”可知，Payne之所以決定幫助這些無家可歸的人，是因?yàn)閺淖约旱恼煞蛑暗慕?jīng)歷中，Payne知道這些人如果得不到幫助就很難存活下來。故答案為Sheknewhomelesspeople’sstrugglefromherhusband’spastexperience.或Sheknewthehomelessdesperatelyneededhelp.或Sheworriedaboutthosestuckonthestreet.考點(diǎn)四、猜詞表達(dá)題一）題目要求：考生能夠利用上下文判斷某個(gè)單詞、短語或句子在特定語言環(huán)境中的確切含義。（二）設(shè)問形式：①What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase/partinthe...paragraph'?②Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthe..paragraphmean?、（三）答題技巧：結(jié)合文章主旨大意、整合上下文語境信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，還要利用同義或者反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法及語篇文脈關(guān)系等理解猜測(cè)其含義有些題目需要對(duì)較大的上下文范圍進(jìn)行理解，甚至通過理解整個(gè)語篇．能進(jìn)行猜測(cè)判斷。（四）常用的回答形式有：①相近含義、相同詞性的單詞；②完整、直白、簡(jiǎn)短的句子。1、根據(jù)上下文語境理解詞義2、根據(jù)釋義猜測(cè)詞義：①借助畫線詞后面破折號(hào)所給出的解釋、同位語、定語從句等來確定詞義。構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)和小括號(hào)等連接；定語從句在文中起著解釋和說明的作用。②如果生詞在文中直接被句子或段落解釋，理解句子或段落本身就能推斷出詞義。2022年6月天津考題56.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph1?(1word)____________________________________________________________56.Fierce./Strong./Violent.考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)文章第一段“Theferociouswindshookthewindowswildly,asthoughsomeoneoutsidewerebeatingontheglass.(狂風(fēng)猛烈地?fù)u動(dòng)著窗戶，好像外面有人在敲打著玻璃。)”，結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，風(fēng)肯定很大才會(huì)像窗外有人敲打著玻璃；形容風(fēng)特別大可以用形容詞fierce“猛的”、strong“強(qiáng)的”或violent“暴力的”。故答案為Fierce./Strong./Violent。（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。TheAppalachianTrailattractsthousandsofserioushikerseachspring,onlyoneinfourhikerscompletestheentiretrail.TheSuttonfamilyrecentlyfinishedhikingtheentiretrail.Theyareauniquetrio(三人組)astheirsonHarveyturnedfiveonthetrail,whichmakeshimtheyoungesttocompletetheAppalachianTrail.JoshandCarrieSuttonsaidtheyneededtotake,breaksfrombusyworkcalledmini-retirements.“Wesetthefamilygoaloflivingalifewithextraordinarystories.DoingthingslikehikingwithachildontheAppalachianTrailgivesyouextraordinarystories,”JoshSuttonsaid.WhenHarveyturnedthree,theytookhimwintercamping,andbythetimehewasfour,thefamilycompleteda50-milehike,campingoversixdays.SeeingthatHarveydevelopedapassionforhiking,theyplannedathru-hikeontheAppalachianTrail.Hikingfromendtoendiscalledathru-hikeandgenerallytakesfivetosevenmonthstocomplete.TheyhitthetrailinGeorgiaonJanuary13,2021.Thefirstweekswerecold.Thetrailwasicyandsnow-covered,andtheweatherwasoftencloudyandbitter,sotheymadeslowprogress.Theywouldwakeupearlyeachday,packtheirgear(裝備),andthenstartwalking.Astheyhadmanymilestocovereachday,theyhadtobeinventiveandstartedusingimaginationandSkittles(彩虹糖)asincentiveforlittleHarvey.ThefamilycompletedtheirjourneyonAugust9,2021.LittleHarveylearnedtocountallthewayto2,193,thetotalmileshislittlefeettraveled,andabignumberforsomeonewhojuststartedkindergarten.“Iwilldoitagainbecauselikeitsomuch,”saidHarvey.AlthoughtheSuttonsarenowbackhome,theyhaveincrediblememoriesofthismini-retirement.Thejourneyisalife-changingexperiencefortheSuttonfamilyandisaninspirationforfamilieswhodreamoftakingasimilarjourney.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph5probablymean?(nomorethan1word)4．考查詞句猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中“Thetrailwasicyandsnow-covered,andtheweatherwasoftencloudyandbitter,sotheymadeslowprogress.”（路上結(jié)了冰，白雪覆蓋，天氣又陰又冷，所以他們前進(jìn)的速度很慢。）可知，惡劣的天氣使得路不好走。“Astheyhadmanymilestocovereachday,theyhadtobeinventiveandstartedusingimaginationandSkittles”（由于每天要走很遠(yuǎn)的路，他們必須發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力，開始使用想象和彩虹糖）可推斷，他們用想象和彩虹糖來激勵(lì)年幼的兒子跟著他們前行，故而劃線詞的詞義為“鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)”，encouragement“鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)”與劃線詞同義，故答案為：Encouragement.過關(guān)檢測(cè)（2023·天津北辰·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。In2019,thestateofCaliforniawasonfire.AlexandriaVillaseor,whowas13atthetime,witnessedthedestructionofNorthernCalifornia’sCampFire,whichwouldgoontoburnmorethan150,000acresofland.Villaseorwasscared.“That’swhenIfoundouthowimportantclimateeducationwas,”shereflected.“Andjusthowmuchwelackedclimateeducationthesepastcoupleofyears.”Villaseor,attheageof15,wasdeterminedtohaveabiggerconversation.Shequicklyrealizedthefightrequiresinternational,government-levelchanges.Forher,whatstartedaslocalconcernturnedintoayear-longprotestinfrontoftheUnitedNations’NewYorkCityheadquartersandaglobalcampaignformorecompulsoryclimateeducation.Shesatonabenchinfrontoftheheadquarters,beggingfortheworld’sleaderstotakeclimatechangeseriously.Heractionreceivednationalattention,withmillionsofotherstudentsaroundtheworldjoininginthemovement.“It’scompletelyunacceptablenottolearnanythingaboutourplanetandourenvironmentinschool,afteralltheyoungpeoplewouldinherittheEarth.”Villaseorsaid,“That’swhyIthinkthatclimateeducationissoimportant,andthat’swhyIfocusalotonitnow.”Rightnow,VillaseorisworkingwiththeAmericanAdministrationonitsclimateplan,whichhaspromisedtocenterontheneedsofyoungpeopleandcommunitiesmostimpactedbyclimatechange.Sheevenspokeatthe2021DemocraticNationalConvention.“ThiswasdefinitelyahugemomentwhenIrealizedthatpeoplewerelisteningtothevoicesofmeandyouthclimateactivists.”Villaseorsaid.Whensheisn’tconnectingwithherfellowyouthactivists,Villaseorislikemostotherteens.“Myfavoritethingtodo,ofcourse,issleep,”shesaid,“Iliketoreadalot.Ilikefantasybooks,normally.Ialsoliketowrite.”1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?(nomorethan10words)2．HowdidVillaseormaketheworld’sleadersattachimportancetoclimateeducation?(nomorethan15words)3．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?(nomorethan15words)4．WhenwasthehugemomenttoVillaseor?(nomorethan10words)5．WhatdoyouthinkofVillaseor?Pleaseexplaininyourownwords?(nomorethan20words)【答案】1．Villaseorrealizedthelackofclimateeducation.2．Bystartingayear-longprotesttoleadersintheUNandaglobalcampaign.3．Youngpeoplewouldtakeovertheworld.4．Whenpeoplelistenedtoherandyouthclimateactivists.5．Sheisadeterminedgirl.Withherefforts,theclimateeducationinschoolwastakenseriouslybothlocallyandinternationally.【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了一個(gè)名為AlexandriaVillaseor的女孩向聯(lián)合國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)起為期一年的抗議，呼吁重視學(xué)校的氣候教育問題。1．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句““That’swhenIfoundouthowimportantclimateeducationwas,”shereflected.“Andjusthowmuchwelackedclimateeducationthesepastcoupleofyears.”(“就在那時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了氣候教育的重要性，”她反思道?！霸谶^去的幾年里，我們多么缺乏氣候教育。”)”可知，第一段主要告訴我們Villaseor意識(shí)到了缺乏氣候教育的問題。故答案為Villaseorrealizedthelackofclimateeducation.2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Forher,whatstartedaslocalconcernturnedintoayear-longprotestinfrontoftheUnitedNations’NewYorkCityheadquartersandaglobalcampaignformorecompulsoryclimateeducation.(對(duì)她來說，一開始是當(dāng)?shù)氐膿?dān)憂，后來變成了在聯(lián)合國紐約市總部前長達(dá)一年的抗議活動(dòng)，以及一場(chǎng)要求更多義務(wù)氣候教育的全球運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，Villaseor通過向聯(lián)合國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)起為期一年的抗議和全球運(yùn)動(dòng)讓世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重視氣候教育。故答案為Bystartingayear-longprotesttoleadersintheUNandaglobalcampaign.3．考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)畫線部分句中“It’scompletelyunacceptablenottolearnanythingaboutourplanetandourenvironmentinschool(在學(xué)校里不了解我們的星球和環(huán)境是完全不可接受的)”可知，學(xué)校里的年輕人應(yīng)該了解我們的星球和環(huán)境，應(yīng)該知道保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性，因?yàn)槟贻p人是世界的未來，他們將接管世界，由此可知，第三段中帶下劃線的句子表示的是“年輕人將接管世界”。故答案為Youngpeoplewouldtakeovertheworld.4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句““ThiswasdefinitelyahugemomentwhenIrealizedthatpeoplewerelisteningtothevoicesofmeandyouthclimateactivists.”Villaseorsaid.(Villaseor說：“當(dāng)我意識(shí)到人們?cè)趦A聽我和青年氣候活動(dòng)家的聲音時(shí)，這絕對(duì)是一個(gè)巨大的時(shí)刻?！?”可知，當(dāng)人們傾聽她和青年氣候活動(dòng)家的聲音時(shí)，對(duì)她來說是一個(gè)重大時(shí)刻。故答案為Whenpeoplelistenedtoherandyouthclimateactivists.5．開放性試題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Forher,whatstartedaslocalconcernturnedintoayear-longprotestinfrontoftheUnitedNations’NewYorkCityheadquartersandaglobalcampaignformorecompulsoryclimateeducation.(對(duì)她來說，一開始是當(dāng)?shù)氐膿?dān)憂，后來變成了在聯(lián)合國紐約市總部前長達(dá)一年的抗議活動(dòng)，以及一場(chǎng)要求更多義務(wù)氣候教育的全球運(yùn)動(dòng))”和倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Rightnow,VillaseorisworkingwiththeAmericanAdministrationonitsclimateplan,whichhaspromisedtocenterontheneedsofyoungpeopleandcommunitiesmostimpactedbyclimatechange.(目前，Villaseor正在與美國政府合作制定氣候計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃承諾以受氣候變化影響最嚴(yán)重的年輕人和社區(qū)的需求為中心)”可知，Villaseor是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的女孩，在她的努力下，學(xué)校的氣候教育在當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧H上都得到了重視，此題為開放性試題，答案言之有理即可。故答案為Sheisadeterminedgirl.Withherefforts,theclimateeducationinschoolwastakenseriouslybothlocallyandinternationally.（2023·北京·北京交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)校考三模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題后要求回答問題。Fashion’sMeltDownThrowawaycultureistrashingtheplanet—butoneyoungchemicalengineerhasherownwaytoturnitover.Fastfashionhaschangedthewaywedress.Webuymoreclothes,moreoften–butwewearthemless.AlinaBassi,founderofKleiderly,wantstogiveourclothingwasteanotherchanceatausefullife.Bassihasalwayscaredaboutthethreatofclimatechange,butsheactuallystartedhercareerintheoilindustry.Afterafewyears,shelandedatbio-bean,astartupthatturnedwastecoffeegroundsintoproductsthatcouldbeburntforheatandfuel.Afterayear,Bassiwaskeentobranchout—usedcoffeegroundsarenotthebiggestthreatfacingtheplanet.Instead,sh