M5Unit3Scienceandnature(測)-2022年高考英語一輪復習講練測(新高考?江蘇)一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A(2021·陜西咸陽中學高三月考)Foryears,Iwasintheratrace,mysenseofwonderlost.Gardeningwasmyantidote(解毒藥).Itgavemetimetostop,listenandabsorballthelittledetailsthatnaturehastooffer—nurturingtheearth,plantsandmyselftofightagainsttheaggressionandtirednessofeverydayworkinglife.Iquitmyjobandhadavisionformycompany.Iwantedotherstofindthecomfortthatmygardengaveme.Now,Iwatchmyclientsexperiencetheirowntransformations.Acornerthatwasonceanunwelcomingplaceofweedsisachild'splayarea;alonelypersonhasaninspiring,evolvingview.Gardeningrequiresustobepresentinthemoment,whilealsoimaginingthefuture.Youmayseeabeautifulflowerandsurpriseforaminuteatthemagicofnature.Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Somecomebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubecomeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.Wherethereoncemayhavebeenbeauty,theremightnowbeanemptyspaceandadeepsenseofsadness...Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.Hopeisoneofmanyemotionsstirredbygardening.Whetheryou'regrowingvegetablestoeat,plantingtinyseedsortendingflowers,thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession.Howyouchoosetogardenisdeeplypersonaltoyou—it’saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers.Thekeyistohaveavision,ideasandbrighthopesforthefuture.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇議論文。講述了作者通過園藝接近大自然，放松工作和日常生活的壓力，感受大自然的美，同時帶給了作者極大的精神力量。1.Whatdoestheauthorbenefitfromgardening?A.Ithelpstodevelopatake-it-as-it-isattitude. B.Itrelievesanxietyaboutlosingthejob.C.Itreleasesherlonelinessanddepression. D.Itteachesheralotofsowingknowledge.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Somecomebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubecomeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.(有些花能開一天，有些花能開一個季節(jié)。有些人年復一年地回來。隨著季節(jié)的流逝，你將以一種更深刻、更精神的方式與生活中的變化聯(lián)系起來。這會讓人接受)”可知，春生夏長，秋收冬藏，此天道之大經也，通過園藝作者學會接受生命的變化，大自然的一切。故園藝有助于培養(yǎng)一種接受現(xiàn)狀的態(tài)度。故選A項。2.Whatcanweinferaboutgardeningaccordingtotheauthor?A.It’sbeautiful. B.It’srewarding C.It’sdepressing D.It’scooperative.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession(在課程結束時都會有一種極大的滿足感)”以及“it'saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers(它是關于創(chuàng)造一些富有成效的東西，無論是單獨還是與他人一起)”可知，園藝總會帶來豐碩果實，帶給人們滿足感和希望。故選B項。3.Whatisthebesttitle?A.GardeningforFun B.ASenseofWonder C.SowingSeedsofHope D.AVisionfortheFuture【答案】C【解析】標題判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.(但園藝給我們帶來了希望，我們可以再次創(chuàng)造一些美麗的東西，空間將不再是空曠的)”可知，園藝播種希望的種子。故選C項。B(2021·全國高三二模)Manyblack-footedferrets(雪貂)oncelivedintheAmericanWest.Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs(土撥鼠).Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.Additionally,theenvironmentinwhichtheylivedwasdestroyed.Bythe1970s,mostexpertsbelievedthatblack-footedferretsnolongerexisted.Then,in1981,agroupofthemwerefoundinWyoming,buttheyweresuddenlyhitbyanunknowndiseaseinthemid-1980s,andtheirpopulationdecreasedtojust18.TheUSFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)caughtallofthemandtriedtoprotectthem.Allbutsevendied.Currently,there’rebetween400and500ferretsremaining.ButallofthemarerelatedtothesevenanimalsrescuedfromWyomingexceptElizabethAnn.Normally,theDNAoftheanimalsgetsmixedupwhendifferentpairsofanimalshavebabies.ThesmalldifferencesintheirDNAcanhelpprotectthegroupasawhole.Becausealllivingblack-footedferretsarecloselyrelated,theyallhavesimilarweaknesses.ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblack-footedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.Inthe1980s,theDNAfromaferretnamedWillawasstoredinthe“FrozenZoo”runbySanDiegoZooGlobal.Hopefully,cloningwouldallowblack-footedferretstoreturntothewild.Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.Thematterwaslefthangingintheair.Butin1996,ascientistclonedasheep,called“Dolly”.Sincethen,manyotheranimalshavealsobeencloned.TheUSFWShasbeentalkingaboutcloningblack-footedferretssince2013.In2018,theyfinallygaveagroupcalledRevive&Restorepermissiontotryit.OnDecember10,2020,ElizabethAnnwasborn.Bloodtestshaveprovenhertobe100%black-footedferret.【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。科學家利用一只死于30多年前的黑足雪貂的DNA，克隆出了一只健康的黑足雪貂伊麗莎白·安。他們希望通過克隆提高這些瀕危雪貂的生存機會。4.Whatwasthemaincauseofblack-footedferrets’almostdyingoutbythe1970s?A.Theywereshortoffood. B.Theywerekilledbyfarmers.C.Theylosttheirlivingplaces. D.Theysufferedfromabaddisease.【答案】A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句“Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs(土撥鼠).Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.”(它們主要以草原土撥鼠為食。但是當農民開始捕殺土撥鼠時，很多土撥鼠也死了。)可知，由于大量的土撥鼠被殺，黑足雪貂失去了食物來源而死亡。故選A。5.WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutcloningElizabethAnn?A.Theeffectivemethod. B.Thegreatsignificance.C.Thedifferenttypes. D.Thepotentialrisk.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblack-footedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.”(但是伊麗莎白·安是從20世紀80年代死去的動物身上克隆出來的，所以她的DNA非常不同。當這種DNA被重新混合進來時，未來的黑足雪貂總體上將會更健康)可知，本段主要在談克隆伊麗莎白·安的意義所在。故選B。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangingintheair”inParagraph4mean?A.Unexpected. B.Unconcerned. C.Unresolved. D.Unexposed.【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.”(克隆的想法是可以理解的，但很難對許多動物實施)可知，此處是指這件事無法解決。所以hangingintheair的意思是“懸而未決”。故選C。7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Anewcloningageiscoming. B.Anendangeredspeciessurvivedbycloning.C.Theresearchofferrets’DNAwasconducted. D.Thetruthoftheextinctionoftheferretswasrevealed.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了黑足雪貂的瀕危狀態(tài)，第二段講述世界上現(xiàn)存的雪貂數(shù)量，其中伊麗莎白·安和被救的七只雪貂無關，第三段講述了克隆伊麗莎白·安的意義所在，第四段講述了克隆技術可能會讓黑足雪貂重返野外和克隆技術的進程，最后一段講述了伊麗莎白·安被成功克隆出來。所以文章主要是講黑足雪貂這種瀕臨滅絕的物種靠克隆活了下來。故選B。C(2021·全國高三模擬)Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified(轉基因)foods.A2018researchcenterfoundthat49%ofAmericansthinkfoodscontainingGMingredients(成分)areworseforone'shealththannaturalfoods.Slightlyfewerpeople,44%,believefoodswithGMingredientsareneitherbetternorworseforone'shealth.Only5%sayGMfoodsarebetterforone'shealth.Thecenterthusrevealsanearly50-50splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedintheU.S.InAmerica,allGMfoodsmustbeapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),whichrequirescarefulassessment.GMfoodscanresultinanimprovementofafood'sappearanceortaste;someGMfoodsmaturefasterandareslowertorot.So,whydohalfofAmericansbelievefoodscontainingGMingredientsareworse?Onereasonistheincreasedinterestinnaturalandorganicfoods.Anotheristhatthelong-termeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,areunknown.Thescientificconsensus,basedonmanystudies,isthatGMfoodsarenotdangeroustohumanhealth.TheAmericanDieteticAssociationarguesthatGMfoodscanevenbehealthierforyou.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)statesthat.“GMfoodscurrentlyavailableonthemarkethavepassedsafetyassessmentsandarenotlikelytopresentrisksforhumanhealth”.FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillong-termstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了人們以及科學界對于轉基因食物的爭議。8.Whydoestheauthormentionthestudyinthebeginning?A.TodefineGMfoods. B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Toexpressanopinion. D.Toprovideevidence.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內容Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified(轉基因)foods….Thecenterthusrevealsanearly50-50splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.(很少有什么能像轉基因食品那樣引起如此大的爭議。2018年的一個研究中心發(fā)現(xiàn)，49%的美國人認為含有轉基因成分的食品比天然食品更有害健康。略少一些的人(44%)認為含有轉基因成分的食物對健康既沒有好處也沒有壞處。只有5%的人認為轉基因食品對健康更有益。因此，該中心揭示，在美國人中，關于轉基因食品是否有害的意見幾乎是一半對一半。)可知，本段介紹了一項關于人們對轉基因食物是否對人體健康有害的觀點的調研，目的是通過介紹人們對于轉基因食物的觀點來引出本文的主題。故選B。9.WhatcarpweinferaboutGMfoods?A.Theytastebetterbutripeslower. B.It’shardtoavoidthemindailylife.C.Theydiffergreatlyfromnaturalfoods. D.It'seasytodeterminewhetherthey'resafe.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedintheU.S.”(不管他們對轉基因食品的看法如何，它們幾乎已經在美國各地被消費。大約90%的農作物，如玉米，是轉基因的。在美國加工的幾乎所有食品中都含有一種或多種這類成分)由此可推知，在日常生活中很難避免轉基因食物。故選B。10.Whydonearly50%ofAmericansbelieveGMfoodsareworse?A.Thelong-terminfluenceofGMfoodsisn’tclear.B.OrganicfoodsarehealthierthanGMfoods.C.WHObelievesthatGMfoodsratherriskyforhealth.D.Thefiguresofthestudiesmayheinaccurate.【答案】A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Anotheristhatthelong-termeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,areunknown.”(另一個原因是，食用轉基因食品的長期影響尚不清楚，這種食品大約在20年前才被引入)由此可知，幾乎50%的美國人都認為轉基因食物不好是因為它們的長期影響還不清楚。故選A。11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Approving. B.Skeptical. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文內容尤其是最后一段“FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillong-termstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.”(食品安全組織希望表達轉基因食品是安全的，但在可能進行長期研究之前，許多人仍將持懷疑態(tài)度。)可知，作者客觀地介紹了當今各個組織以及人們對于轉基因食物的看法，并未明確說明自己的觀點。由此可推知，作者對于轉基因食物的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C。D(2021·上海浦東新區(qū)高三模擬)Ontheoccasionalclear-frostautumnnight,IwashikingthroughthedarkforestwithmyGMOwolf.Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism(轉基因生物),deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunt-toothed,small-pawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.Ourworldischangingrapidly.Inthelastfivedecades,globalpopulationhasfullydoubled,with3.7billionhungrymouthsaddedtoourplanet.Duringthissametimespan,theamountoflandsuitableforagriculturehasincreasedbyonly5%.Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamineonemighthavepredicted.Howdoscientistsmodifyaplantsothatitmakesmorefoodthanitsparentsdid?Wecouldtreateachharvestlikealitterofwolfpupsandselectonlyplantsbearingthefattest,richestseedsforthenextseason.Thiswasthemethodourancestorsusedtoengineerrice,comandwheatfromthewildgrassestheyencountered.Duringmychildhood,advancesingenetictechnologiesallowedscientiststoidentifyandclonethegenesresponsibleforrepressingstemgrowth,leadingtoshorter,strongerstalksthatcouldbearmoreseed—thehigh-yieldcropsthatfeedustoday.The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhigh-techtoolswithwhichtofurtherquickentheprocessofartificialselection.PlantgeneticistscannowdirectlyeditoutoreditinsectionsofDNAusingmolecularscissors.Wecanminimizeaplant’sweaknesseswhileaddingtoitsstrengths,andwedon’thavetowaitforseasonstopasstotesttheresult.Itisthetransformativepotentialofthesetechniquestoquicklysupplythenext-generationcropsrequiredforupcomingclimatechangethathasledmetobelieveinthesafetyandfunctionofGMOplantsinagriculturalproducts.WeneedmoreGMOresearchtofeedtheworldthatwearecreating.Ilovethequietforestthatstandsbetweenmylabandmyhome.ButIknowthatasascientist,Iamresponsiblefirsttohumanity.Wemustfeed,shelterandnurtureoneanotherasourfirstpriority,andtodoso,wemusttakeadvantageofourbesttechnologies,whichhavealwaysincludedsometypeofgeneticmodification.Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.IkeepthefaithofmyancestorseachnightwhenIwalkthroughtheforesttomylab,andmyGMOwolfdoesthesamewhensheguardsmywayhome.【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了喂養(yǎng)后代的轉基因食物工程。12.Whydoestheauthormentionthewolfinthe1stparagraph?A.Toadvisepeopletokeepwolvesaspets.B.Topersuadereaderstowelcomethenewtechnology.C.Tochangepeople’sattitudetowardswolves.D.Tointroduceatechnologyusedtohumans’advantage.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism(轉基因生物),deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunt-toothed,small-pawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.(是的，我最好的朋友是一個轉基因生物，刻意的選擇產生了一個鈍牙小爪子的怪物走在我身邊)”可知，轉基因狼成了作者的寵物，并陪伴在其身邊，因此作者在第一段提到狼是為了引入對人類有好處的轉基因生物，即介紹一種用于人類利益的技術。故選D項。13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.GMOtechnologywillhelpweatherprooffuturecrops.B.WithGMOtechnology,faminehasbeeneliminated.C.Artificialselectionsmakehigh-yieldplantspossible.D.Theauthorbelievestechnologyshouldcontributetofuturegenerations.【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamine(饑荒)onemighthavepredicted.(神奇的是，這并沒有導致人們可能會預測到的全球大饑荒)”可知，轉基因技術沒有出現(xiàn)人們預測的大饑荒，但是也并沒有消滅饑荒。故選B項。14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmodifyingaplant?A.Ittakesscientistsseasonstoknowwhethertheirselectioniscorrect.B.Onewayforancestorstochangeaplantwastoclonesomegenes.C.ModemtechniqueshelpspeeduptheartificialselectionbyalteringDNA.D.ThegeneralpublicshowstrongfaithinGMOplants,n【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhigh-techtoolswithwhichtofurtherquickentheprocessofartificialselection.(21世紀帶來了一系列令人驚嘆的新高科技工具，這些工具進一步加速了人工選擇的過程)”可知，現(xiàn)代技術通過改變DNA來加速人工選擇。故選C項。15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.GMOTechnology—TurningWolvesintotheBestPetsB.EngineeredFood—FeedingFutureGenerationsC.EngineeredFood—ToBeorNotToBeD.GMOTechnology—ADrivingForceinWorldPeace【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.(我們必須繼續(xù)像以前一樣，在養(yǎng)活自己的同時滋養(yǎng)未來，每年只種植我們共同設計出來的最好的東西)”可知，文章主要介紹的了轉基因糧食對供養(yǎng)不斷增加的人口的好處，即文章主要介紹了對未來喂養(yǎng)后代的轉基因食物工程。故選B項。二、七選五根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2021·北京市潞河中學高三三模)Theadventofhigh-techeraisstillbasedonthedevelopmentofhumanabilitytousetools.Fromancienttimes,1Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.Onthepositiveside,2Onthenegativeside,theymadetheburdenofslavesheavierandincreasedthepossibilityofcivilianuprisingDuringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.3Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.4Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.Theleakageofnuclearenergymakestheeconomyofsomecountriesfacecollapse(suchasJapan),andaslongasaterroristhasmasteredthecodeforlaunchinganuclearbomb,humanlifeintheworldwillbeatstake.Inthe21stcentury,thepositiveandnegativeaspectsbroughtaboutbynucleardeterrencehavestabilizedandstoppedgrowing.5Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceself-consciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.Asforthefollow-up,wecanonlyseehowhumanbeingsdecidetheirowndirectionA.humanbeingsbegantolearntousestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfireB.Inaddition,nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation,especiallywiththecomingofthenextWorldWarC.Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinscienceandtechnology.WeshouldtreattherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywithcorrecteyesD.theymainlyenhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctionsE.ThepositiveandnegativeaspectsincreasedinproportionF.However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankindG.Soweshouldresistthebadfactorstopromotethefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章講述了科技發(fā)展的歷史，說明高科技時代的到來仍然是基于人類使用工具能力的發(fā)展，并闡述了不同階段科技發(fā)展的優(yōu)缺點。1.【答案】A【解析】空格前是逗號，講述從古代，人們運用工具的情況，首字母不大寫，確定A、D項。下文“Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.”(這些能力的積極方面被人類的生存本能挖掘出來，而消極方面則因為微不足道而被忽視)A項中的“usestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfire”(用石斧砍樹，鉆木取火)對應下文的theseabilities，且與第一段的“humanabilitytousetools”呼應。故選A。2.【答案】D【解析】空格前是逗號，所填句子首字母不大寫,確定A、D項。根據(jù)“Onthepositiveside”(積極的一面)可知，此處描述前文“Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.(當有組織的文明開始在地球上出現(xiàn)時，人們開始制造交通工具)”積極的方面，也就是人們制作交通工具的積極影響，D項中的“enhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctions(提高了承載能力，功能更豐富)”說明了其積極作用，與下文的“Onthenegativeside”相互呼應。故選D。3.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)上文“Duringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.(17、19世紀是中世紀與現(xiàn)代世界的交替時期，工業(yè)革命如火如荼，人類手中有許多偉大的發(fā)明，如蒸汽機和許多工廠)”說明17、19世紀人類有許多發(fā)明，下文“Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.(積極的一面為科學探索提供了堅實的基礎，大大增強了動力，大大增強了承載能力。消極的一面是環(huán)境污染大大加劇了)”說明了這些發(fā)明的積極作用和消極作用都提高了，因此推斷空格處承上啟下，C項中的“Thepositiveandnegativeaspects”引出下文，故C項“積極方面和消極方面都按比例增加”符合語境，故選C。4.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)上文“Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.(20世紀，人類開始使用核能，17世紀到19世紀的優(yōu)勢繼續(xù)大幅增長。)”說明核能的出現(xiàn)以及優(yōu)勢大幅度增加，下文“Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.”(與此同時，消極影響也大幅度提高，)因此推斷空格處也是在講述核能的優(yōu)勢，B項中的“Inaddition”與上文構成遞進關系，繼續(xù)說明核能的益處，“nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation”(核威懾穩(wěn)定了世界局勢)，故選B。5.【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)下文“Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceself-consciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.(但缺點是不可避免的。例如，互聯(lián)網使許多網民沉迷于互聯(lián)網，網絡犯罪猖獗，人工智能的發(fā)展在一定程度上可能產生自我意識，有可能以其高智能來抵抗人類)”說明互聯(lián)網帶來的不利之處，由But可推斷，空格處說明互聯(lián)網，人工智能等的積極的影響，F(xiàn)項中的“However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankind”(然而，互聯(lián)網、人工智能、新能源開發(fā)等新興領域給人類帶來了巨大的利益)與下文的舉例一致，且“greatlybenefitedmankind”說明了它們的好處，與下文是轉折關系，故選F。三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。(改編自2021·河北唐山一中高三一模)FaceshapeletsAIspotraredisordersPeoplewithgeneticsyndromessometimeshaverevealingfacialfeaturesbutusingthemtomakeaquickandcheapdiagnosiscanbe1giventherearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.Anewneuralnetworkthatanalysesphotographsoffacescanhelpdoctors2thepossibilities.YaronGurovichatbiotechnologyfirmFDNAinBostonandhisteambuiltneuralnetworktolookattheoverallimpressionoffacesand3alistofthe10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.They4theneuralnetwork,calledDeepGestalt,on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.TheteamthenaskedtheAlto5potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.Itincludedthecorrectansweramongitslistof10responses91percentofthetime.Gurovichandhisteamalso6theneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(變異)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.TheyusedphotographsofpeoplewithNoonansyndrome,whichcanresultfrommutationsinanyoneoffivegenes.DeepGestaltcorrectlyidentifiedthegeneticsourceofthephysicalappearance64percentofthetime.It’sclearlynot7butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.Asthesystemmakesitsassessments,thefacialregionsthatweremosthelpfulinthedeterminationare8andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.Thishelpsthemtounderstandtherelationshipsbetweengeneticmake-upandphysicalappearance.Thefactthatthediagnosisisbasedonasimplephotographraisesquestionsabout9.Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto10againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.11,Gurovichsaysthetoolwillonlybeavailableforusebyclinicians.Thistechniquecouldbring12tothosewhohavegeneticsyndromes.Therealvaluehereisthatforsomeoftheseultra-rarediseases,the13ofdiagnosiscanbemany,manyyears.Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthen14thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.Forothers,itcouldperhapsaddmeansoffindingotherpeoplewiththediseaseand,15helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了研究人員利用新的技術手段，可以通過臉型讓人工智能發(fā)現(xiàn)罕見的疾病。1.A.convincing B.tricky C.reliable D.profitable【答案】B【解析】A.convincing令人信服的；B.tricky棘手的；C.reliable可靠的；D.profitable有利可圖的，贏利的。根據(jù)“therearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.”可知人們可能患有數(shù)百種可能的病癥，利用這些特征來做出快速而廉價的診斷可能很棘手。故選B。2.A.bringabout B.resultfrom C.narrowdown D.ruleout【答案】C【解析】A.bringabout引起；B.resultfrom起因于；C.narrowdown縮小；D.ruleout排除。根據(jù)下文“Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthen...thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.”可知一種新的分析人臉照片的神經網絡可以幫助醫(yī)生縮小這種可能性。故選C。3.A.return B.input C.top D.feed【答案】C【解析】A.return返回；B.input輸入；C.top居……之首；D.feed喂食，進食。根據(jù)“the10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.”可知這里意思是把一個人最有可能患有的10種基因綜合癥列出來。故選C。4.A.based B.imposed C.concentrated D.trained【答案】D【解析】A.based以……為基礎；B.imposed把……強加于；C.concentrated集中，聚集；D.trained訓練。根據(jù)“on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.”可知研究人員對神經網絡進行了訓練。故選D。5.A.identify B.distinguish C.transform D.cure【答案】A【解析】A.identify識別；B.distinguish區(qū)分；C.transform使改觀，使變形；D.cure治療。根據(jù)“potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.”可知研究小組隨后要求人工智能從另外502張患有這種疾病的人的照片中識別出潛在的遺傳疾病。故選A。6.A.tested B.demonstrated C.recognized D.modified【答案】A【解析】A.tested測試；B.demonstrated證明；C.recognized識別，認識到；D.modified調整，修改，修飾。根據(jù)“theneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(變異)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.”可知古羅維奇和他的團隊還測試了神經網絡區(qū)分導致同一種綜合癥的不同基因突變的能力。故選A。7.A.acceptable B.perfect C.considerable D.workable【答案】B【解析】A.acceptable可接受的；B.perfect完美的；C.considerable相當大的；D.workable切實可行的。根據(jù)下文“butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.”可知盡管它并不完美，但它仍然比人類嘗試做到這一點要好得多。故選B。8.A.covered B.excluded C.highlighted D.supervised【答案】C【解析】A.covered覆蓋；B.excluded排除；C.highlighted突出；D.supervised監(jiān)督。根據(jù)“andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.”可知在系統(tǒng)進行評估時，對判斷最有幫助的面部區(qū)域會被突出顯示。故選C。9.A.objectivity B.accuracy C.reliability D.privacy【答案】D【解析】A.objectivity客觀性；B.accuracy準確性；C.reliability可靠性；D.privacy隱私。根據(jù)“Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto...againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.”可知這一事實引發(fā)了有關隱私的問題。故選D。10.A.discriminate B.fight C.argue D.vote【答案】A【解析】A.discriminate歧視；B.fight與……斗爭；C.argue爭論；D.vote選舉。根據(jù)“thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould”和“peoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.”可知雇主和保險公司原則上就可以秘密地使用這類技術來歧視那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人。故選A。11.A.Furthermore B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However【答案】D【解析】A.Furthermore此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否則；D.However然而?！肮椭骱捅ｋU公司原則上就可以秘密地使用這類技術來歧視那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人”與“該工具將只供臨床醫(yī)生使用”之間是轉折關系，用however。故選D。12.A.challenges B.benefits C.damages D.concerns【答案】B【解析】A.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；B.benefits利益；C.damages毀壞；D.concerns關心。根據(jù)“Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.”可知對于某些疾病，這項技術將大大縮短診斷時間，會為那些有遺傳綜合癥的人的帶來診斷的便捷，所以會為那些患有遺傳綜合癥的人帶來顯著的好處。故選B。13.A.treatment B.response C.consequence D.process【答案】D【解析】A.treatment治療；B.response反應；C.consequence結果；D.process過程，進程。根據(jù)“Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.”可知對于一些非常罕見的疾病，診斷過程可能需要很多年。故選D。14.A.replied B.confirmed C.considered D.addressed【答案】B【解析】A.replied回答；B.confirmed確診；C.considered考慮，；D.addressed解決。根據(jù)“thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.”可知這里意思是通過檢測基因標記來確定診斷。故選B。15.A.bycontrast B.inturn C.inaddition D.insummary【答案】B【解析】A.bycontrast與之相比；B.inturn反過來；C.inaddition此外；D.insummary總之，總的來說。根據(jù)“helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.”可知這里意思是對其他人來說，它可能會增加發(fā)現(xiàn)其他患有這種疾病的人的手段，反過來有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)新的治療方法或治愈方法。故選B。四、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。(改編自2021·全國高二語法填空)Cloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.Thefirstmammaltobecloned1(