專四模擬考試真題及答案

一、單項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Theterm"linguistics"referstothescientificstudyof:A)ThehistoryoflanguagesB)ThestructureanddevelopmentoflanguagesC)TheoriginoflanguagesD)TheuseoflanguagesinsocietyAnswer:B2.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofsyntaxinalanguage?A)TodeterminethemeaningofwordsB)ToregulatetheflowofspeechC)ToorganizewordsintophrasesandsentencesD)ToindicatethetenseofverbsAnswer:C3.Theprocessbywhichchildrenacquiretheirfirstlanguageisknownas:A)SecondlanguageacquisitionB)BilingualismC)FirstlanguageacquisitionD)LanguageattritionAnswer:C4.Whatisthetermforthestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialcontexts?A)PragmaticsB)PhoneticsC)SemanticsD)MorphologyAnswer:A5.Thesmallestunitofmeaninginalanguageiscalled:A)AmorphemeB)AphonemeC)AsyntaxD)AsemanticsAnswer:A6.Whatisthetermforthesystemofsoundsusedinaparticularlanguage?A)PhonologyB)GrammarC)SemanticsD)PragmaticsAnswer:A7.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweensoundsandtheirmeaningsisknownas:A)PhoneticsB)SemanticsC)PragmaticsD)PhonologyAnswer:B8.Whatisthetermfortheuseoflanguageinreal-lifesituations?A)LanguageacquisitionB)LanguageproficiencyC)LanguageuseD)LanguagelearningAnswer:C9.Theprocessofaddingaffixestowordstochangetheirmeaningorformisknownas:A)InflectionB)DerivationC)ConjugationD)AgreementAnswer:B10.Whatisthetermforthestudyofthehistoryoflanguages?A)HistoricallinguisticsB)SociolinguisticsC)PsycholinguisticsD)ComputationallinguisticsAnswer:A二、多項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsoflanguage?A)PhonologyB)MorphologyC)SyntaxD)SemanticsE)PragmaticsAnswer:A,B,C,D,E2.Whatarethemainareasofstudywithinlinguistics?A)PhoneticsB)PhonologyC)MorphologyD)SyntaxE)SemanticsF)PragmaticsAnswer:A,B,C,D,E,F3.Whatarethestagesoffirstlanguageacquisition?A)babblingB)one-wordstageC)two-wordstageD)telegraphicstageE)multiwordstageAnswer:A,B,C,D,E4.Whatarethefunctionsoflanguage?A)InformativeB)ExpressiveC)DirectiveD)PhaticE)MetalinguisticAnswer:A,B,C,D,E5.Whatarethetypesofmorphemes?A)FreemorphemesB)BoundmorphemesC)DerivationalmorphemesD)InflectionalmorphemesAnswer:A,B,C,D6.Whatarethepropertiesofphonemes?A)PhonemiccontrastB)PhonemicsimilarityC)PhonemicidentityD)PhonemicdifferentiationAnswer:A,D7.Whataretheaspectsofpragmatics?A)SpeechactsB)PolitenessC)ImplicatureD)ReferenceAnswer:A,B,C8.Whatarethemethodsoflanguageteaching?A)Grammar-translationmethodB)DirectmethodC)Audio-lingualmethodD)CommunicativelanguageteachingAnswer:A,B,C,D9.Whatarethefactorsaffectinglanguageacquisition?A)AgeB)ExposureC)MotivationD)IntelligenceAnswer:A,B,C,D10.Whatarethetypesofbilingualism?A)SimultaneousbilingualismB)SequentialbilingualismC)EarlybilingualismD)LatebilingualismAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.Answer:True2.Phoneticsisthestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.Answer:True3.Syntaxisthestudyofthestructureofsentences.Answer:True4.Semanticsisthestudyofthemeaningofwords.Answer:True5.Pragmaticsisthestudyoflanguageuseinsocialcontexts.Answer:True6.Morphologyisthestudyoftheformationofwords.Answer:True7.Firstlanguageacquisitionistheprocessbywhichchildrenlearntheirfirstlanguage.Answer:True8.Secondlanguageacquisitionistheprocessbywhichpeoplelearnalanguageotherthantheirnativelanguage.Answer:True9.Languageattritionisthelossoflanguageabilityovertime.Answer:True10.Bilingualismistheabilitytospeaktwolanguages.Answer:True四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?Answer:Phoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalsoundsoflanguage,includinghowtheyareproducedandperceived.Phonology,ontheotherhand,isthestudyofthesoundsystemsoflanguagesandhowsoundsfunctionwithinaparticularlanguage.Phoneticsfocusesontheactualsounds,whilephonologyfocusesontheabstractsoundpatternsandtheirmeaning.2.Whatarethestagesoflanguagedevelopmentinchildren?Answer:Thestagesoflanguagedevelopmentinchildrenincludebabbling,one-wordstage,two-wordstage,telegraphicstage,andmultiwordstage.Babblingisthestagewherechildrenproducerepetitivesounds,theone-wordstageiswheretheyusesinglewordstoconveymeaning,thetwo-wordstageiswheretheycombinetwowordstoformsimplephrases,thetelegraphicstageiswheretheyuseshort,grammaticallyincompletesentences,andthemultiwordstageiswheretheyusemorecomplexandgrammaticallycorrectsentences.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenderivationandinflection?Answer:Derivationistheprocessofaddingaffixestowordstocreatenewwordswithdifferentmeaningsorgrammaticalcategories.Inflection,ontheotherhand,istheprocessofaddingaffixestowordstochangetheirformwithoutcreatingnewwords.Derivationresultsinnewwords,whileinflectionchangestheformofexistingwords.4.Whatarethefunctionsoflanguage?Answer:Thefunctionsoflanguageincludeinformative,expressive,directive,phatic,andmetalinguistic.Informativefunctionisusedtoconveyinformation,expressivefunctionisusedtoexpressfeelingsandemotions,directivefunctionisusedtogivecommandsorinstructions,phaticfunctionisusedtomaintainsocialrelationships,andmetalinguisticfunctionisusedtotalkaboutlanguageitself.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Howdoesthestudyoflinguisticscontributetoourunderstandingofhumancognition?Answer:Thestudyoflinguisticscontributestoourunderstandingofhumancognitionbyprovidinginsightsintohowthebrainprocessesandproduceslanguage.Linguisticshelpsusunderstandtheunderlyingmechanismsoflanguageacquisition,comprehension,andproduction,whichareintegraltohumancognitiveabilities.Italsorevealshowlanguageshapesthoughtandhowcognitiveprocessesinfluencelanguageuse.2.Whatarethechallengesofsecondlanguageacquisition?Answer:Thechallengesofsecondlanguageacquisitionincludeinterferencefromthenativelanguage,lackofexposuretothetargetlanguage,cognitiveload,andmotivation.Interferencefromthenativelanguagecanleadtoerrorsinpronunciation,grammar,andvocabulary.Lackofexposuretothetargetlanguagecanlimitopportunitiesforpracticeandfluencydevelopment.Cognitiveloadreferstothementaleffortrequiredtolearnanduseasecondlanguage,whichcanbeoverwhelmingforsomelearners.Motivationplaysacrucialroleinsecondlanguageacquisition,andalackofmotivationcanhinderprogress.3.Howdoeslanguageuseinsocialcontextsinfluencelanguagelearning?Answer:Languageuseinsocialcontextsinfluenceslanguagelearningbyprovidinglearnerswithauthenticlanguageinputandopportunitiesforinteraction.Exposuretodifferentsocialcontextsandcommunicationstyleshelpslearnersdeveloppragmaticcompetence,whichistheabilitytouse