高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1四川省巴中市2025屆高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyouanauthorwholovessciencefiction?Doyouhaveanideaforasupershortstorythatneedstobesharedwiththeworld?Ifyouranswertobothofthosequestionsisyes,thiscompetitionisforyou!RulesThecompetitioncanbeforanyagegroup,foranyonewholovessciencefictionintheworld.WewillbeacceptingsubmissionsfromNovember28th,2023toApril1st,2024.ThewinnerswillbeinformedbyJune15th,2024.Entriesmustbeunder500wordsandincludeelementsofsciencefiction.Theymustbesubmittedbeforethedeadlineandtheentrantmusthavepaidthefeeof$10beforesubmission.Entrantscansubmitasmanyentriesastheylike.Allentriesmustbesubmittedusingthegivenonlineform.Ifyouneedsomehelp,pleasedon’thesitatetoemailorcallSadie.Shecanhelpyougetyourstorysubmitted!PrizesThereare3cashprizes:$500forthechampion,$150fortherunner-up,and$50forotherswhoarehighlycreativeinwriting.Winningstorieswillbemadeavailabletothepublicthroughamagazineandbesharedonline.FinancialAssistanceThereare10placesforthosewriterswhohavesomeideastosharebutcan’taffordthefee.Wewillberesponsibleforit.1.Whichofthefollowingistheentryrequirement?A.Itcanonlybesubmitteduponpaymentof$10.B.Itshouldbeover500wordsinlength.C.ItisrequiredtobedeliveredtoSadie.D.Itmustbecompletedonline.2.Whatprizewillthechampionreceive?A.Fiftydollarsasacashprize.B.Refundfortheparticipationcost.C.Achanceforhisstorytobepublished.D.Unlimitedaccesstosci-fipublications.3.Whatkindofarticleisthistext?A.Anassessment.B.Ahandbook.C.Aschedule.D.Anotice.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是一則科幻短篇小說創(chuàng)作比賽的通知，邀請(qǐng)熱愛科幻的創(chuàng)作者分享超短篇故事創(chuàng)意。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rules（規(guī)則）部分的“Theymustbesubmittedbeforethedeadlineandtheentrantmusthavepaidthefeeof$10beforesubmission.(它們必須在截止日期前提交，參賽者必須在提交前支付10美元的費(fèi)用。)”可知，參賽要求是必須在支付10美元后提交。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes（獎(jiǎng)品）部分的“Winningstorieswillbemadeavailabletothepublicthroughamagazineandbesharedonline.(獲獎(jiǎng)故事將通過雜志向公眾公布，并在網(wǎng)上分享。)”可知，冠軍將有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)表自己的故事。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文題目ScienceFictionWritingCompetition（科幻小說寫作比賽）以及第一段“Areyouanauthorwholovessciencefiction?Doyouhaveanideaforasupershortstorythatneedstobesharedwiththeworld?Ifyouranswertobothofthosequestionsisyes,thiscompetitionisforyou.(你是一個(gè)喜歡科幻小說的作家嗎？你有一個(gè)需要與全世界分享的超短篇小說的想法嗎？如果你對(duì)這兩個(gè)問題的回答都是肯定的，那么這場(chǎng)比賽就是為你準(zhǔn)備的。)”和下文Rules（規(guī)則）、Prizes（獎(jiǎng)品）、FinancialAssistance（經(jīng)濟(jì)援助）可知，本文向讀者通知了科幻小說寫作比賽的規(guī)則、獎(jiǎng)品等，可推理出本文是一則通知。故選D。BGrowingupinthehotLasVegasdesert,allIwantedwastobefree.Iwoulddaydreamabouttravelingtheworld,livinginaplacewhereitsnowed.Attheageof19,thedayafterIgraduatedfromhighschool,ImovedtoaplacewhereitsnowedandIfoundmydreamjob.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ifeltfree,independentandcompletelyincontrolofmylife.Thatis,untilmylifetookadetour(轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)).IwenthomefromworkearlyonedaywithwhatIthoughtwastheflu,andlessthan24hourslaterIwasinthehospitalonlifesupportwithlessthana2%chanceofliving.OverthecourseoftwoandahalfmonthsIlostthehearinginmyleftearandbothofmylegsbelowtheknee.IthoughttheworstwasoveruntilweekslaterwhenIsawmynewartificiallegsforthefirsttime.TheyweresopainfulthatallIcouldthinkwas,howamIevergoingtotraveltheworldinthesethings?AndhowwasIgoingtosnowboardagain?ButIknewthatinordertomoveforward,IhadtoletgooftheoldSelfandlearntoembracethenewSelf.AndthatiswhenitdawnedonmethatifIsnowboardedagain,myfeetaren’tgoingtogetcold.FourmonthslaterIwasbackuponasnowboard,althoughthingsdidn’tgoquiteasexpected:Mykneesandmyankleswouldn’tbend.ButIknewthatIwouldbeabletodothisagainifIcouldfindtherightpairoffeet.Ididayearofresearch,stillcouldn’tfigureoutwhatkindoflegstouse.SoIdecidedtomakeapairmyself.MylegmakerandIputrandompartstogetherandwemadeapairoffeetthatIcouldsnowboardin.Thenin2005Icofoundedanonprofitorganizationforyouthwithphysicaldisabilitiessotheycouldgetinvolvedwithactionsports.Elevenyearsago,whenIlostmylegs,Ihadnoideawhattoexpect.Butifyouaskmetoday,ifIwouldeverwanttochangemysituation,Iwouldhavetosayno.Becausemylegshaven’tdisabledme.They’veforcedmetorelyonmyimaginationandtobelieveinthepossibilities.4.Whatwastheauthor’sreactionuponseeinghernewlegsforthefirsttime?A.Encouraged. B.Hopeless. C.Shocked. D.Thrilled.5.Whichelementmostcontributedtotheauthorchangingherthoughttowardhersituation?A.Theassistancefromanonprofitorganization. B.Theinspirationfromresearch.C.Thepassionforsnowboard. D.Theoptimisticattitude.6.Hereffortsmightcreateopportunitiesforphysicallychallengedyoungpeoplelikeherselfto________.A.wandertheEarth B.flextheirkneesandanklesC.participateinactionsports D.recoverfromtheirdisabilities7.Whatdoesthisarticleconvey?A.Awillingheartmakeseverythingpossible. B.Deedscarrymoreweightthanwords.C.Skillgrowsthroughpersistenteffort. D.Don’tjudgeabookbyitsbinding.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了19歲時(shí)，從小渴望自由的作者搬到有雪的地方，卻因病失去雙腿和左耳聽力。之后作者自制滑雪義肢，還創(chuàng)立非營利組織，認(rèn)為失去雙腿讓自己更依賴想象力并相信無限可能?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“IthoughttheworstwasoveruntilweekslaterwhenIsawmynewartificiallegsforthefirsttime.TheyweresopainfulthatallIcouldthinkwas,howamIevergoingtotraveltheworldinthesethings?AndhowwasIgoingtosnowboardagain?(我原以為最糟糕的時(shí)刻已經(jīng)過去了，直到數(shù)周之后我第一次看到自己的新假肢時(shí)才意識(shí)到情況并非如此。這些假肢實(shí)在是太疼了，我所能想到的只有：我怎么能穿著這樣的東西去環(huán)游世界呢？還有，我又能怎樣再次去滑雪呢？)”可知，當(dāng)作者第一次看到自己的新假肢時(shí)，作者覺得很絕望，不知道自己該如何繼續(xù)自己的生活。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ButIknewthatinordertomoveforward,IhadtoletgooftheoldSelfandlearntoembracethenewSelf.AndthatiswhenitdawnedonmethatifIsnowboardedagain,myfeetaren’tgoingtogetcold.(但我明白，要想繼續(xù)前行，我就必須放下過去的自我，學(xué)會(huì)接納新的自我。就在那時(shí)，我突然意識(shí)到，如果我再次去滑雪板，我的雙腳就不會(huì)再凍僵了)”可知，作者一開始覺得很絕望不知道如何走下去，但是作者積極的態(tài)度幫助作者學(xué)會(huì)接納新的自我。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Thenin2005Icofoundedanonprofitorganizationforyouthwithphysicaldisabilitiessotheycouldgetinvolvedwithactionsports.(隨后在2005年，我與人共同創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)面向殘疾青少年的非營利組織，旨在讓他們能夠參與到極限運(yùn)動(dòng)中來)”可知，作者的努力幫助自己和其他身體殘疾的年輕人參與到極限運(yùn)動(dòng)中。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Elevenyearsago,whenIlostmylegs,Ihadnoideawhattoexpect.Butifyouaskmetoday,ifIwouldeverwanttochangemysituation,Iwouldhavetosayno.Becausemylegshaven’tdisabledme.They’veforcedmetorelyonmyimaginationandtobelieveinthepossibilities.(十年前，當(dāng)我失去雙腿時(shí)，我完全不知道接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么。但如今如果有人問我，如果有機(jī)會(huì)改變當(dāng)時(shí)的狀況，我是否會(huì)想要改變呢？我肯定會(huì)回答‘不會(huì)’。因?yàn)槲业碾p腿并沒有讓我喪失能力，而是促使我依靠自己的想象力，并相信一切皆有可能)”以及文章講述盡管作者在成長過程中經(jīng)歷了巨大的挫折，包括失去聽力和雙腿，但她并沒有放棄，而是通過努力和決心重新站起來，甚至成立了一個(gè)非營利組織來幫助其他身體有殘疾的青年。她的故事展示了強(qiáng)烈的意愿和決心可以克服一切困難。故選A。CWhilesomeallergies(過敏癥)disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,otherslastalifetime.Fordecades,scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.ThesecellsproduceadifferentclassofantibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfections.ButnoonehadidentifiedexactlywhichofthosecellswererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncoverthemysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveintotheimmune(免疫的)cellsofpeoplewithallergiesandsomewithout.ImmunologistJoshuaKoenigandcolleaguesexaminedmorethan90,000memoryBcellsfromsixpeoplewithbirchallergies,fourpeopleallergictodustmitesandfivepeoplewithnoallergies.UsingatechniquecalledRNAsequencing,theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells,whichtheynamedMBC2s,thatmakeantibodiesandproteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcausesallergies.Inanotherexperiment,KoenigandcolleaguesusedapeanutproteintogofishingformemoryBcellsfrompeoplewithpeanutallergies.Theteampulledoutthesametypeofcellsfoundinpeoplewithbirchanddustmiteallergies.Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodiesasthepeoplestartedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.AnothergroupledbyMariaCurottodeLafaille,animmunologistattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMountSinaiinNewYorkCity,alsofoundthatsimilarcellsweremoreplentifulin58childrenallergictopeanutsthanin13kidswithoutallergies.TheteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitchfrommakingprotectiveIgGantibodiestoallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,thecellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn’tproducetheprotein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellstoswitchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounterallergens.ThesignaltoswitchpartiallydependsonaproteincalledJAK,thegroupdiscovered.“StoppingJAKfromsendingthesignalcouldhelppreventthememorycellsfromswitchingtoIgEproduction,”Lafaillesays.Shealsopredictsthatallergistsmaybeabletoexamineaspectsofthesememorycellstoforecastwhetherapatient’sallergyislikelytolastordisappearwithtimeortreatment.“Knowingwhichpopulationofcellsstoreallergiesinlong-termmemorymayeventuallyhelpscientistsidentifyotherwaystokilltheallergycells,”saysCeciliaBerin,animmunologistatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine.“Youcouldpotentiallygetridofnotonlyyourpeanutallergybutalsoallofyourallergies.”8.Scientistsexaminedtheimmunecellsofpeoplewithallergiesandthosewithout________.A.Toidentifythecellsthatprotectagainstallergicreactions.B.Torevealcellscontributingtoallergydevelopment.C.TodiscovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.D.TocomparethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.9.Whatisthemostlikelymeaningoftheunderlinedword“desensitize”inParagraph4?A.Make…reduceprotection. B.Make…reduceefficacy.C.Make…lessresponsive. D.Make…lessharmful.10.Whatcanweinferfromthetworesearchteams’work?A.JAKplaysapartinmaintainingantibodyproductionduringallergenchallenge.B.MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.C.MBC2sgenerateantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.D.Allergistscanpredictwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.11.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RNASequencingServesinImmunologyResearchB.SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentifiedC.NewfoundImmuneCellsAretheCauseofLong-lastingAllergiesD.UnmaskingCells’IdentitiesHelpsIdentifyandManageAllergicConditions【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，記憶B細(xì)胞中的MBC2s可能與終身過敏有關(guān)，其能從產(chǎn)生保護(hù)性IgG抗體轉(zhuǎn)為引發(fā)過敏的IgE抗體，這或助預(yù)測(cè)過敏是否持續(xù)及研發(fā)新療法。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ButnoonehadidentifiedexactlywhichofthosecellswererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncoverthemysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveintotheimmune(免疫的)cellsofpeoplewithallergiesandsomewithout.(但此前尚未有人確切指出這些細(xì)胞中究竟哪些在“識(shí)別”過敏原，以及它們又是如何轉(zhuǎn)變成產(chǎn)生引發(fā)過敏反應(yīng)的IgE抗體的。為了揭開這些神秘細(xì)胞的面紗，兩個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)有過敏癥的人和沒有過敏癥的人的免疫細(xì)胞進(jìn)行了深入研究)”可知，科學(xué)家研究過敏和沒有過敏的個(gè)體的免疫細(xì)胞是為了揭示與發(fā)生過敏有關(guān)的細(xì)胞。故選B?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“UsingatechniquecalledRNAsequencing,theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells,whichtheynamedMBC2s,thatmakeantibodiesandproteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcausesallergies.(通過一種名為“RNA測(cè)序”的技術(shù)，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)了特定的記憶B細(xì)胞，他們將其命名為“MBC2s”。這些細(xì)胞能夠產(chǎn)生與引發(fā)過敏反應(yīng)的免疫反應(yīng)相關(guān)的抗體和蛋白質(zhì))”可知，記憶B細(xì)胞會(huì)產(chǎn)生與導(dǎo)致過敏的免疫反應(yīng)相關(guān)的抗體和蛋白質(zhì)；結(jié)合劃線詞前“thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodies(這些細(xì)胞的數(shù)量增加并產(chǎn)生IgE抗體)”可知，記憶B細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加并產(chǎn)生抗體，說明不再過敏，由此可知，劃線單詞的意思與“使……不再過敏”意義相近。故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“TheteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitchfrommakingprotectiveIgGantibodiestoallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,thecellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn’tproducetheprotein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellstoswitchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounterallergens.ThesignaltoswitchpartiallydependsonaproteincalledJAK,thegroupdiscovered.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些細(xì)胞已準(zhǔn)備好從產(chǎn)生保護(hù)性IgG抗體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楫a(chǎn)生引發(fā)過敏反應(yīng)的IgE抗體。即便在這一轉(zhuǎn)變尚未發(fā)生之前，這些細(xì)胞就已經(jīng)在制造IgE的RNA，但并未生成相應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì)。制造這種RNA使細(xì)胞能夠在接觸過敏原時(shí)改變所生成的抗體類型。該團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，觸發(fā)這種轉(zhuǎn)變的信號(hào)部分取決于一種名為JAK的蛋白質(zhì))”可知，當(dāng)暴露于過敏原時(shí)，JAK在控制抗體產(chǎn)生中起作用。故選A?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“Fordecades,scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.(幾十年來，科學(xué)家們一直在尋找這些終生過敏的來源)”以及第二段“Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.(最近，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶B細(xì)胞可能參與其中)”可知，本文主要講述為了揭開這些神秘的細(xì)胞，兩個(gè)研究小組深入研究了過敏人群和非過敏人群的免疫細(xì)胞，最終確定了特定的記憶B細(xì)胞；C項(xiàng)“新發(fā)現(xiàn)的免疫細(xì)胞是造成長期過敏的原因”可以概括本文的主題，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。DFromorderingfoodtobuyinganewbooktomakingacharitabledonation,moreandmoredecisionsthatusedtobemadeonpaperarenowbeingmadeondigitaldevicesliketablets,phones,andcomputers.Andthistrendtowardsdigitizationhasmanyadvantages,inparticularwhenitcomestoefficiencyandsustainability—butcoulditalsobenegativelyinfluencinghowwemakedecisions?Weconductedaseriesofstudieswithmorethan2,500participantsacrosstheU.S.andChinatoexploretheimpactofthemediumyouusetomakeadecision,withaparticularfocusondecisionswithsomesortofmoralcomponent,suchaswhetherornottomakeadonationtoacharity,orwhethertochooseahealthyorunhealthyentrée(主菜)atarestaurant.Weaskedtheparticipantstomakeavarietyofthesesortsofchoicesusingeitherapaperformoradigitaltablet,anddespitecontrollingforallothervariables(變量),weconsistentlyfoundthatpeoplewhousedpapermademoremoraldecisionsthanthosewhousedadigitaldevice.Forexample,participantswhoreadtheirchoicesandmadeaselectiononpaperweresignificantlymorelikelytogivemoneytocharity,chooseahealthyentree,andoptforaneducationalbookratherthansomethingmoreentertaining.Whymightthisbe?Ourresearchsuggeststhatthekeymechanismdrivingthiseffectishow“real”thedecisionfeels.Weaskedparticipantsintwoofourstudiestodescribehowrealadecisionfelt,aswellastheextenttowhichtheybelievedthedecisionasrepresentingwhotheywereaspeople,andtheyconsistentlyindicatedthatmakingachoiceonpaperfeltmorerealandrepresentativethanmakingthesamedecisiononadigitaldevice.Itmayseemlikeaminordetail,butourresearchshowsthatthemediumwithwhichyourcustomers,employees,orcommunitymembersmakeadecisioncanhaveamajorimpactonthechoicestheymake.Thishasimplications(暗示)formarketers,policymakers,andanyoneseekingtoencourageanysortofvirtuousbehaviour.Forexample,toencouragecustomerstochoosehealthieroptions,restaurantsmightconsideroptingforpaperratherthandigitalmenus.Similarly,parentsandeducatorsmightopttoprovidestudentswithpaperratherthanonlinebookorderforms,toincreasethechancesthatthey’llchooseeducationalreadingmaterials.12.Whatcanbedrawnfromthestudies?A.Peopleusingpapertomakeamorevirtuousdecision.B.Digitalizationdrivesourlifemoredifferentandsustainable.C.Whendeciding,participantspreferpapertoadigitaldevices.D.Themediuminvolvedindecision-makingsignificantlyinfluencesus.13.Whatisthemainmechanismofthisinfluencementionedinthetext?A.People’sconcernabouttheiridentitywhenmakingdecisionsonpaper.B.Therealfeelinglinkedtomakingdecisionsonpaper.C.Publicresistancetotrendtowardsdigitalization.D.Theconsciousnessofenvironmentalprotection.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphabouttheresultsofthestudy?A.Itcanstandthelong-termevaluation.B.Itmakessensewithoutexception.C.Ithasroomforimprovement.D.Itofferspracticalvalue.15.What’sthekeypointofthetext?A.Educationalreadingresourcesshouldbesuppliedintheformofpaper.B.Usingpenandpapercontributestomakingmoremoralchoices.C.Everyoneshouldmakearesponsiblechoice.D.Penandpaperneedn’tbereplaced.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了使用紙質(zhì)媒介做決定比數(shù)字設(shè)備更易做出道德決策?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Weaskedtheparticipantstomakeavarietyofthesesortsofchoicesusingeitherapaperformoradigitaltablet,anddespitecontrollingforallothervariables(變量),weconsistentlyfoundthatpeoplewhousedpapermademoremoraldecisionsthanthosewhousedadigitaldevice.(我們要求參與者使用紙質(zhì)表格或數(shù)字平板電腦來做出各種此類選擇，盡管我們控制了所有其他變量，但我們始終發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用紙質(zhì)表格的人比使用數(shù)字設(shè)備的人做出的道德決策更多。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)使用紙質(zhì)表格的人比使用數(shù)字設(shè)備的人作出了更有道德的決定。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ourresearchsuggeststhatthekeymechanismdrivingthiseffectishow“real”thedecisionfeels.Weaskedparticipantsintwoofourstudiestodescribehowrealadecisionfelt,aswellastheextenttowhichtheybelievedthedecisionasrepresentingwhotheywereaspeople,andtheyconsistentlyindicatedthatmakingachoiceonpaperfeltmorerealandrepresentativethanmakingthesamedecisiononadigitaldevice.(我們的研究表明，驅(qū)動(dòng)這一效應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵機(jī)制在于決策的“真實(shí)感”。在兩項(xiàng)研究中，我們要求參與者描述某項(xiàng)決策的真實(shí)感，以及他們認(rèn)為該決策在多大程度上反映了自身的人格特質(zhì)。參與者一致表示，相比在數(shù)字設(shè)備上做選擇，用紙做出的選擇感覺更真實(shí)，也更能代表自我。)”可知，文中提到的這種影響的主要機(jī)制是與在紙上做決定相關(guān)的真實(shí)感。故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itmayseemlikeaminordetail,butourresearchshowsthatthemediumwithwhichyourcustomers,employees,orcommunitymembersmakeadecisioncanhaveamajorimpactonthechoicestheymake.Thishasimplications(暗示)formarketers,policymakers,andanyoneseekingtoencourageanysortofvirtuousbehaviour.Forexample,toencouragecustomerstochoosehealthieroptions,restaurantsmightconsideroptingforpaperratherthandigitalmenus.Similarly,parentsandeducatorsmightopttoprovidestudentswithpaperratherthanonlinebookorderforms,toincreasethechancesthatthey’llchooseeducationalreadingmaterials.(這看似是一個(gè)微小的細(xì)節(jié)，但我們的研究表明，客戶、員工或社區(qū)成員做出決策時(shí)所使用的媒介，可能會(huì)對(duì)他們的選擇產(chǎn)生重大影響。這對(duì)營銷人員、政策制定者以及任何試圖鼓勵(lì)某種良性行為的人都有啟示。例如，為了鼓勵(lì)顧客選擇更健康的菜品，餐廳或許可以考慮使用紙質(zhì)菜單而非電子菜單。同樣，家長和教育工作者可能會(huì)選擇向?qū)W生提供紙質(zhì)的圖書訂購單而非在線訂購表，以增加他們選擇教育類閱讀材料的可能性。)”可知，研究結(jié)果具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第二段中“Weaskedtheparticipantstomakeavarietyofthesesortsofchoicesusingeitherapaperformoradigitaltablet,anddespitecontrollingforallothervariables(變量),weconsistentlyfoundthatpeoplewhousedpapermademoremoraldecisionsthanthosewhousedadigitaldevice.(我們要求參與者使用紙質(zhì)表格或數(shù)字平板電腦來做出各種此類選擇，盡管我們控制了所有其他變量，但我們始終發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用紙質(zhì)表格的人比使用數(shù)字設(shè)備的人做出的道德決策更多。)”可知，文章主要講述了使用紙質(zhì)媒介做決定比數(shù)字設(shè)備更易做出道德決策。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowhardshipsmakeyoustrongerPasthardshipscanhelpyoucarryoninthefaceofcurrentstress.Peoplewhoexperiencedamediumlevelofhardshipreportedbettermentalhealthandhigherlifesatisfactionovertimecomparedtoboththosewhoreportedahighhistoryofhardshipandthosewithnohistoryofhardship.___16___Theycanbringgrowthaftersufferings.Wemayfinditdifficulttobelievethesufferingexperienceswilleventuallyleadtosometypeofgrowth.___17___.Post-traumatic(創(chuàng)傷后的)growthistheexperienceofpositivechangeaftergoingthroughasignificantlystressfulevent.Researchershavediscoveredtwocommonthemesthatpeopletendtoreportafterexperiencingastressfulevent:spiritualgrowthandimprovedpersonalstrength.Theybuildself-efficacy.Self-efficacyisthebeliefortheconfidenceinyourabilitytoovercomedifficultiesandsucceed.___18___First,pick,pickanareaofconfidenceoraskillyouwanttodevelop.Thebestwaytoimprovethatskillistolearnbydoing.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourpublicspeakingskillsandability,thenyouneedtopracticespeakinginpublic.___19___Backtothepublicspeakingexample,youcouldwatchvideoclipsofgreatspeakersonYouTubeandtakenotesonhowtheytellstoriesorusehumor.Lastly,youcanimprovebybeingcoachedbyacredibleandrespectedsource.Meanwhile,youcouldturntothepeopleforhelpwhocangiveyoufeedbackasyouworktowardyourgoals.Theyhelpyoutransformstressintoachallenge.Howyouthinkaboutstressmattersenormouslyintermsofhowyouprocessit.___20___,whileothersareabletoseeitasachallenge.Withachallengeresponse,yougetadditionalenergy.Infact,peoplewhoareabletothinkaboutstressmorelikeachallengeandlesslikeathreatreportlessdepressionandanxiety,higherlevelsofenergy,workperformanceandlifesatisfaction.A.YourworldfeelsoutofcontrolrightnowandyourstresshasreachedunprecedentedlevelsB.ThetruthisthatwegaintheabilitytobecomestrongerafterexperiencingdifficultiesC.EvensmallpaststruggleswithdifficultiescanhelpyouovercometoughsituationsD.ThereasonisthatpaststrugglescanmakesyoustrongerinthefollowingwaysE.ObservingothersisthenextmosteffectiveimprovementstrategyF.It’sevolvedthroughthreedistinctwaysG.Somepeopleregardstressasathreat【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.E20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要介紹的是過去的困難如何使人變得更強(qiáng)，包括促進(jìn)創(chuàng)傷后成長、增強(qiáng)自我效能感以及將壓力轉(zhuǎn)化為挑戰(zhàn)等方面?！?6題詳析】上文“Peoplewhoexperiencedamediumlevelofhardshipreportedbettermentalhealthandhigherlifesatisfactionovertimecomparedtoboththosewhoreportedahighhistoryofhardshipandthosewithnohistoryofhardship.(據(jù)報(bào)告，隨著時(shí)間的推移，經(jīng)歷過中等程度困難的人比那些經(jīng)歷過嚴(yán)重困難和沒有經(jīng)歷過困難的人有更好的心理健康和更高的生活滿意度。)”可知，經(jīng)歷過中等程度困難的人有更好的心理健康和更高的生活滿意度，空處承接上文，解釋其原因，D項(xiàng)“那是因?yàn)檫^去的苦難可以通過以下方式幫助你變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”符合，同時(shí)引起下文，下文“Theycanbringgrowthaftersufferings.(它們可以在苦難之后帶來成長。)”、“Theybuildself-efficacy.(它們建立自我效能感。)”以及下文“Theyhelpyoutransformstressintoachallenge.(它們幫助您將壓力轉(zhuǎn)化為挑戰(zhàn)。)”具體介紹了過去的苦難如何幫助你變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。故選D。【17題詳析】上文“Wemayfinditdifficulttobelievethesufferingexperienceswilleventuallyleadtosometypeofgrowth.(我們可能很難相信痛苦的經(jīng)歷最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致某種類型的成長。)”指出我們可能很難相信痛苦的經(jīng)歷最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致某種類型的成長，下文“Post-traumatic(創(chuàng)傷后的)growthistheexperienceofpositivechangeaftergoingthroughasignificantlystressfulevent.Researchershavediscoveredtwocommonthemesthatpeopletendtoreportafterexperiencingastressfulevent:spiritualgrowthandimprovedpersonalstrength.(創(chuàng)傷后成長是指經(jīng)歷重大壓力事件后積極變化的經(jīng)歷。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)诮?jīng)歷壓力事件后往往會(huì)報(bào)告兩個(gè)常見的主題：精神成長和個(gè)人力量的提高。)”指出創(chuàng)傷會(huì)導(dǎo)致個(gè)人成長，由此可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)“事實(shí)是，我們可以在經(jīng)歷困難之后獲得變得更強(qiáng)的能力”符合，與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同時(shí)引起下文。故選B?！?8題詳析】上文“Self-efficacyisthebeliefortheconfidenceinyourabilitytoovercomedifficultiesandsucceed.(自我效能是對(duì)自己克服困難并取得成功的能力的信念或信心)”介紹了自我能效的含義，下文“First,pickanareaofconfidenceoraskillyouwanttodevelop.(首先，選擇一個(gè)你想要發(fā)展的自信領(lǐng)域或技能。)”以及“Lastly,youcanimprovebybeingcoachedbyacredibleandrespectedsource.(最后，您可以通過接受可靠且受人尊敬的人士的指導(dǎo)來提高。)”從不同得的方面具體介紹了如何建立自我效能，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“它以三種具體方式發(fā)展”符合，it代指上文提的Self-efficacy。故選F?！?9題詳析】上文“First,pickanareaofconfidenceoraskillyouwanttodevelop.(首先，選擇一個(gè)你想要發(fā)展的自信領(lǐng)域或技能。)”和下文“Lastly,youcanimprovebybeingcoachedbyacredibleandrespectedsource.(最后，您可以通過接受可靠且受人尊敬的人士的指導(dǎo)來提高。)”分別介紹了如何建立自我效能，尤其是根據(jù)First和Lastly得知，空處也應(yīng)是介紹建立自我效能的方法，E項(xiàng)“觀察他人是下一個(gè)最有效的改進(jìn)策略”符合語境，且下文“Backtothepublicspeakingexample,youcouldwatchvideoclipsofgreatspeakersonYouTubeandtakenotesonhowtheytellstoriesorusehumor.(回到公開演講的例子，您可以在YouTube上觀看優(yōu)秀演講者的視頻剪輯，并記錄他們?nèi)绾沃v故事或使用幽默。)”舉例子介紹了通過觀察他人來建立自我效能。故選E。【20題詳析】上文“Howyouthinkaboutstressmattersenormouslyintermsofhowyouprocessit.(你如何看待壓力對(duì)于你如何處理壓力非常重要。)”指出如何看待壓力很重要，根據(jù)下文“whileothersareabletoseeitasachallenge.(而其他人則認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。)”中的while可知，空處和下文是對(duì)比關(guān)系，應(yīng)指出一些人對(duì)壓力的看法，G項(xiàng)“有些人將壓力視為威脅”符合。故選G。第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）GrannyfellillbeforeValentine’sDay.Shehadto___21___ourplannedzootrip,whichshehadbeen___22___.“Remembertosayhitothemonkeysforme,”Granny___23___usupbeforeweleft.Wedidgoandhavefun,butIkept___24___Grannycouldhavebeenwithus.Texspottedsome___25___andsuggestedtakingapictureinfrontofthem.Whilewesaid,“Cheese,”Indiaccidentallysaid,“HappyValentine’sDay,Granny!”Thisslipofthetongue(舌頭)remindedme.I___26___takingpicturesofdifferentanimalsand___27___themintoazoovalentineforGranny.Everyonelovedthat.Athome,we___28___outtheprintedpicturesonthetable.Sinceitwas___29___tofitsomanypicturesontoaheart-shapedcard,we___30___tocreateawholebunchofvalentines,eachcardrepresentingananimal.___31___,ourprintdidn’thavecolorink,sowe___32___theblack-and-whitepictureswithmarkersandmadespeechballoonsfortheanimals.Whenweweredone,Imadeacoupleof___33___onthecardsandtiedthemtogethertomakeabook.Ittookforevertofinish,butitturnedout___34___.“Oh,youlittlesweetpotatoes!”Grannysmiledwhenwegaveherour___35___.“Yousuredidturnthislady’sfrown(眉頭)upsidedown!Iloveyousomuch.”21.A.skip B.abolish C.organize D.ruin22.A.hearingof B.approvingof C.searchingfor D.hungeringfor23.A.caught B.brightened C.connected D.woke24.A.ordering B.persisting C.wishing D.imagining25.A.lists B.visitors C.monkeys D.balloons26.A.denied B.proposed C.asked D.allowed27.A.separating B.grouping C.sculpting D.turning28.A.laid B.sold C.counted D.gave29.A.unachievable B.remarkable C.essential D.meaningless30.A.continued B.predicted C.declared D.decided31.A.Eventually B.Unfortunately C.Gradually D.Apparently32.A.connected B.presented C.colored D.illustrated33.A.notices B.signs C.marks D.holes34.A.great B.loyal C.enormous D.elegant35.A.proposal B.creation C.devotion D.invitation【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.C25.C26.B27.D28.A29.A30.D31.B32.C33.D34.A35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者的奶奶生病了，所以錯(cuò)過了與作者在一起的動(dòng)物園之旅，之后，與作者一起的特克斯建議在奶奶渴望看到的猴子面前照相，而英迪無意間說的一句話，提醒了作者。隨后作者建議給所有的動(dòng)物拍照，并把照片做成了“卡片書”。這些“卡片書”做成的情人節(jié)禮物讓奶奶很高興?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她不得不略過我們計(jì)劃中的動(dòng)物園之旅，這是她盼望已久的。A.skip略過；B.abolish廢除；C.organize組織；D.ruin毀壞。根據(jù)上文“Grannyfellill”以及下文“Remembertosayhitothemonkeysforme,”Granny______usupbeforeweleft.”可知，奶奶生病了，她略過了計(jì)劃的動(dòng)物園之旅，故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：她不得不錯(cuò)過我們計(jì)劃中的動(dòng)物園之旅，這是她盼望已久的。A.hearingof聽說；B.approvingof贊同；C.searchingfor尋找；D.hungeringfor渴望。根據(jù)下文“Remembertosayhitothemonkeysforme”可知，奶奶渴望看到動(dòng)物園的猴子，所以此處指去動(dòng)物園是奶奶盼望已久的。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“記得替我向猴子們問好?！痹谖覀冸x開之前，奶奶讓我們高興起來。A.caught抓住；B.brightened點(diǎn)亮；C.connected聯(lián)系；D.woke喚醒；醒來。根據(jù)上文“Grannyfellill”可知，奶奶生病了，是一個(gè)令人傷心的事情。因而此處指奶奶為了讓我們能有一個(gè)開心的動(dòng)物園之旅，她讓我們高興起來。短語：brightensb.up“使某人振奮精神；使高興”，故選B?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們確實(shí)去了，玩得很開心，但我一直希望奶奶能和我們?cè)谝黄?。A.ordering命令；B.persisting堅(jiān)持；C.wishing希望；D.imagining想象。根據(jù)上文“Grannyfellill”可知，奶奶生病了沒有跟我們一起去動(dòng)物園，所以此處指我希望奶奶能和我們一起。故選C。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Tex發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些猴子，建議在它們面前拍張照片。A.lists清單；B.visitors游客；C