小學(xué)英語重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語復(fù)習(xí)大綱前言在小學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)的旅程中，詞匯與短語是構(gòu)建語言大廈的基石，是聽、說、讀、寫各項(xiàng)技能發(fā)展的前提。扎實(shí)掌握核心詞匯與常用短語，不僅能幫助同學(xué)們更準(zhǔn)確地理解題意、流暢地表達(dá)思想，更能有效提升學(xué)習(xí)英語的自信心與興趣。本復(fù)習(xí)大綱旨在梳理小學(xué)階段英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語，為同學(xué)們提供一個(gè)清晰、系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)指引。希望同學(xué)們能結(jié)合自身情況，合理規(guī)劃，高效復(fù)習(xí)，為英語學(xué)習(xí)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。一、復(fù)習(xí)基本原則1.理解為先，切勿死記硬背：詞匯的記憶應(yīng)建立在理解其含義和用法的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合例句和情境進(jìn)行記憶，效果更佳。2.情境運(yùn)用，聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際：將詞匯和短語與日常生活中的場景聯(lián)系起來，嘗試在口頭和書面表達(dá)中運(yùn)用，做到學(xué)以致用。3.循環(huán)往復(fù)，及時(shí)鞏固復(fù)習(xí)：根據(jù)艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線，定期回顧已學(xué)詞匯和短語，通過反復(fù)記憶來強(qiáng)化印象，防止遺忘。4.方法多樣，提升學(xué)習(xí)興趣：采用單詞卡片、思維導(dǎo)圖、聽英文歌曲、看簡易動(dòng)畫片、玩英語小游戲等多種方式，讓復(fù)習(xí)過程更生動(dòng)有趣。二、核心詞匯復(fù)習(xí)（一）名詞(Nouns)名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的詞。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)請注意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式及常見搭配。1.人物與職業(yè)：*家庭成員：father,mother,brother,sister,grandfather,grandmother,parent(s),family*常見職業(yè)：teacher,student,doctor,nurse,driver,farmer,worker,policeman,cook*其他人物：boy,girl,man,woman,child(children),friend,classmate2.動(dòng)物與植物：*常見動(dòng)物：cat,dog,bird,fish,rabbit,tiger,lion,panda,elephant,monkey,pig,cow,sheep,horse*常見植物：tree,flower,grass,leaf(leaves)3.食物與飲料：*主食：rice,noodles,bread,cake*蔬菜：apple,banana,orange,pear,grape,watermelon,strawberry*水果：tomato,potato,carrot,cabbage*肉類：meat,fish,chicken*飲料：water,milk,juice,tea,coffee*零食：egg,candy,chocolate4.學(xué)習(xí)用品與學(xué)校：*用品：book,pen,pencil,ruler,eraser,bag,pencil-case,desk,chair,blackboard,schoolbag*學(xué)校相關(guān)：school,classroom,teacher,student,lesson,subject(English,Math,Chinese,Music,Art,PE)5.衣物：*coat,shirt,T-shirt,dress,skirt,trousers/pants,sweater,shoes,socks,cap/hat6.交通工具：*bike/bicycle,car,bus,train,plane,ship,boat7.時(shí)間與日期：*time,day,week,month,year,morning,afternoon,evening,night*星期：Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,Sunday*月份：January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December(可根據(jù)實(shí)際教學(xué)要求掌握)*季節(jié)：spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter8.地點(diǎn)與建筑：*home,house,room,park,zoo,supermarket,hospital,cinema,library,shop/store,playground9.自然與天氣：*sun,moon,star,sky,cloud,wind,rain,snow,ice,water,fire,mountain,river,tree,flower*weather,temperature10.身體部位：*head,face,eye,ear,nose,mouth,tooth(teeth),tongue,hand,arm,leg,foot(feet),hair,body（二）動(dòng)詞(Verbs)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)請注意動(dòng)詞的基本含義、第三人稱單數(shù)形式及常用搭配。1.be動(dòng)詞：am,is,are,was,were2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can,may,must,should,will,would3.常用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：*狀態(tài)：be(是，在),have(有),like(喜歡),love(愛),know(知道),think(想)（三）形容詞(Adjectives)形容詞用于修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征。1.描述人或事物特征：*big,small,long,short,tall,short,fat,thin,new,old,young,old,good,bad,nice,fine,happy,sad,angry,hungry,thirsty,full,hot,cold,warm,cool,clever,beautiful,ugly,clean,dirty,right,wrong,easy,difficult/hard2.顏色：red,yellow,blue,green,black,white,purple,orange,pink,brown,gray/grey3.數(shù)量相關(guān)：many,much,some,any,afew,alittle(部分為限定詞，但功能類似形容詞)（四）副詞(Adverbs)副詞用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等。1.時(shí)間副詞：now,then,today,yesterday,tomorrow,often,usually,always,sometimes,never,soon,late,early2.地點(diǎn)副詞：here,there,up,down,in,out,inside,outside,home,away3.方式副詞：fast,slowly,quickly,quietly,happily,well,hard4.程度副詞：very,much,too,so,quite,really（五）代詞(Pronouns)代詞用來代替名詞或名詞短語。1.人稱代詞：*主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they*賓格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2.物主代詞：*形容詞性：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their*名詞性：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs(根據(jù)實(shí)際教學(xué)要求掌握)3.指示代詞：this,that,these,those4.疑問代詞：what,who,where,which,how5.不定代詞：some,any,one,many,much,all,both,each,every,no（六）介詞(Prepositions)介詞表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系。in,on,under,behind,beside,near,nextto,between,infrontof,at,to,from,for,with,about,by（七）數(shù)詞(Numerals)數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量或順序。1.基數(shù)詞：one,two,three,...,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,onehundred(重點(diǎn)掌握1-20，以及整十?dāng)?shù))2.序數(shù)詞：first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth(重點(diǎn)掌握前十個(gè))（八）冠詞(Articles)a,an,the(a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前，an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前，the表示特指)（九）連詞(Conjunctions)and,but,or,so,because,then,when,if(掌握最基礎(chǔ)的幾個(gè)即可)三、核心短語復(fù)習(xí)短語是由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配，具有特定含義。（一）常用動(dòng)詞短語1.be動(dòng)詞短語：*behappy/sad/angry*befrom...(來自...)*begoodat...(擅長...)*belatefor...(遲到)*bein...(在...里面)*beon...(在...上面)2.have/has短語：*havebreakfast/lunch/dinner(吃早/午/晚飯)*haveaclass/lesson(上課)*haveagoodtime(玩得開心)*haveabook/pen(有一本書/一支筆)*haveacold/fever(感冒/發(fā)燒)3.do短語：*dohomework(做作業(yè))*dohousework(做家務(wù))*dosports(做運(yùn)動(dòng))*domorningexercises(做早操)4.go短語：*gotoschool(去上學(xué))*gohome(回家)*gotobed(去睡覺)*goshopping(去購物)*goswimming(去游泳)*gofishing(去釣魚)*goforawalk(去散步)*gotothepark/zoo(去公園/動(dòng)物園)5.play短語：*playgames(玩游戲)*playfootball/basketball/ping-pong(踢足球/打籃球/打乒乓球)*playthepiano/violin(彈鋼琴/拉小提琴)*playwith...(和...一起玩)6.look短語：*lookat...(看...)*lookfor...(尋找...)*lookout(小心)7.get短語：*getup(起床)*getto...(到達(dá)...)*geton/off(上/下車)8.其他動(dòng)詞短語：*listento...(聽...)*talkabout...(談?wù)?..)*readabook/newspaper(讀書/看報(bào))*writealetter(寫信)*drawapicture(畫畫)*singasong(唱歌)*drinkwater/milk(喝水/牛奶)*eatfood/apples(吃東西/蘋果)*wantto...(想要...)*liketo.../likedoing...(喜歡做...)*wouldlike...(想要...)（二）常用介詞短語1.inthemorning/afternoon/evening(在早上/下午/晚上)2.onMonday/Tuesday(在周一/周二)/onJune1st(在六月一日)3.at7o'clock(在七點(diǎn)鐘)/athome(在家)/atschool(在學(xué)校)4.inEnglish(用英語)5.onthedesk(在桌子上)6.underthechair(在椅子下面)7.nexttothewindow(在窗戶旁邊)8.infrontofthehouse(在房子前面)9.from...to...(從...到...)10.acupoftea(一杯茶)11.apieceofpaper(一張紙)（三）日常交際用語(DailyExpressions)1.問候與告別(Greetings&Farewells)：*Hello!/Hi!*Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!*Howareyou?-I'mfine,thankyou.Andyou?/Verywell,thanks.*Nicetomeetyou.-Nicetomeetyou,too.*Goodbye!/Bye!/Seeyou!/Seeyoutomorrow!2.介紹(Introductions)：*What'syourname?-Mynameis.../I'm...*Thisis...(這是...)*He/Sheis...(他/她是...)3.感謝與道歉(Thanks&Apologies)：*Sorry./I'msorry.-That'sOK./Itdoesn'tmatter.4.請求與幫助(Requests&Help)：*CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?*Canyouhelpme?*Passmethe...please.5.談?wù)撓埠?TalkingaboutLikes&Dislikes)：*Doyoulike...?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.*What'syourfavoritecolor/food/animal...?-Myfavorite...is...6.詢問與回答(Asking&Answering)：*What'sthis/that?-It'sa/an...*Whatarethese/those?-Theyare...*Whereis...?-It'sin/on/under...*W