2025年托?？谡Z模擬測(cè)試卷：全球氣候變化對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)影響及對(duì)策試題考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試題題目一：獨(dú)立任務(wù)Imagineyouaretakinganenvironmentalsciencecourse.Thetopicforthenextdiscussionistheimpactofglobalclimatechangeoncoralreefecosystems.Afterreadinganarticleaboutthistopic,youwillnowshareyouropiniononwhichsingleimpactofclimatechangeoncoralreefsisthemostsignificant.Pleasestateyouropinionandexplainthereasonsforyourchoiceusingexamplesfromthearticleoryourownknowledge.題目二：綜合任務(wù)Youwillfirstreadashortpassageaboutaproposaltoprotectaspecificcoralreefareafromtheeffectsofclimatechange,suchaswarmingwatersandoceanacidification.Thenyouwillhearalecturebyaprofessordiscussingthesametopic.Thelecturepresentsacriticalviewoftheproposal.Now,summarizethemainpointsoftheproposalfromthereadingpassage,andexplainhowtheprofessorinthelecturecriticizesorquestionstheeffectivenessoftheproposal.題目三：綜合任務(wù)Youwillfirstreadashortpassageaboutarecentscientificstudythatinvestigatedhowincreasedtemperaturesaffectthemigrationpatternsofaparticularspeciesofbird.Thenyouwillhearauniversitylectureinwhichaprofessordiscussesthereadingpassageandprovidesfurtherinsightsorquestionsregardingthestudy'sfindings.Now,summarizethemainpointofthereadingpassage,andexplaintheadditionalperspectiveorquestionaboutthestudypresentedbytheprofessorinthelecture.試卷答案題目一：獨(dú)立任務(wù)*考生回答示例（思路解析）："Ibelievethemostsignificantimpactofclimatechangeoncoralreefsisthewarmingofoceanwaters,leadingtocoralbleaching.Asmentionedinthearticle,evenasmallincreaseintemperaturecancausecoralstoexpelthealgae(zooxanthellae)livingintheirtissues,whicharetheirprimaryfoodsource.Thisnotonlymakesthecoralswhiteandvulnerablebutoftenleadstotheirdeathifthewatertemperatureremainshigh.Thearticlehighlightsthatcoralbleachingeventshavebecomemorefrequentandsevereglobally,andrecoveryisoftenimpossible,especiallyforheat-stressedreefs.Thislossofcoralbiodiversityhasdevastatingconsequencesfortheentiremarineecosystemthatdependsonthereefstructure,affectingfishpopulationsandcoastalprotection.Whileoceanacidificationisalsoaseriousproblem,theimmediateandwidespreadmortalitycausedbybleachingseemstobethemorecriticalandvisibleimpactcurrently."(解析思路：先清晰表明觀點(diǎn)——海水變暖導(dǎo)致珊瑚白化是最顯著的影響。然后結(jié)合文章信息或常識(shí)，闡述原因：溫度升高導(dǎo)致珊瑚排出共生藻類，失去食物來源和顏色，易死亡；引用文章觀點(diǎn)（如頻率增加、難以恢復(fù)）。最后，將影響上升到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)層面，與其他影響（如酸化）對(duì)比，強(qiáng)調(diào)其嚴(yán)重性。)題目二：綜合任務(wù)*考生回答示例（思路解析）："ThereadingpassageproposedprotectingtheXYZcoralreefbyestablishingamarinesanctuary,restrictingfishingactivities,andimplementingmeasurestoreducelocalpollution.Themainideawasthattheseactionswouldcreateasafeenvironment,allowingthecoralecosystemtorecoverfromclimatechangestressorslikewarmingwatersandacidification.However,theprofessorinthelecturecriticizedthisproposal.Shearguedthatestablishingasanctuarymightnotbeeffectivebecauseclimatechangeimpactsareglobalandcannotbesolvedbylocalprotectionalone.Shepointedoutthatevenwithinthesanctuary,coralswouldstillbeexposedtorisingseatemperaturesandacidification,whichtheproposaldoesnotaddress.Additionally,shequestionedthefeasibilityofcompletelyrestrictingfishing,suggestingitcouldhavenegativeeconomicconsequencesforlocalcommunitieswhodependonfishing.Therefore,sheconcludedthattheproposalwasincompleteandinsufficienttotrulyprotectthereeffromthemajorthreatsposedbyclimatechange."(解析思路：首先，準(zhǔn)確總結(jié)閱讀文章中的提議內(nèi)容（建立保護(hù)區(qū)、限制捕魚、減少污染）及其目標(biāo)（創(chuàng)造安全環(huán)境，幫助珊瑚恢復(fù)）。然后，轉(zhuǎn)述講座中教授的批評(píng)觀點(diǎn)（指出問題根源在于全球性氣候變暖，本地保護(hù)無效；質(zhì)疑提議未解決根本問題；提出限制捕魚的潛在負(fù)面影響）。最后，整合教授的觀點(diǎn)，評(píng)價(jià)提議的不足之處（不完整、不足夠）。)題目三：綜合任務(wù)*考生回答示例（思路解析）："Thereadingpassagedescribedascientificstudyfindingthatincreasedtemperaturesduetoclimatechangecauseaspecificbirdspecies,theXYZwarbler,tomigrateearlierinthespring.Thestudycollecteddataoverseveralyearsandshowedaclearcorrelationbetweenrisingaveragetemperaturesintheirwinteringgroundsandearlierdeparturedatesformigration.However,theprofessorinthelecturediscussedthisstudybypresentinganadditionalperspective.Shequestionedtheassumptionthatearliermigrationissolelybeneficialforthebirds.Shementionedthatthismightdisruptthetimingoffoodavailabilityalongtheirmigrationrouteoruponarrivalattheirbreedinggrounds,potentiallyleadingtoreducedsurvivalratesorlowerreproductivesuccess.Shesuggestedthatthestudymightnothavefullyconsideredthepotent