2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句解析提高理解力考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Thehumanbrainisanextraordinarilycomplexorgan,capableofprocessingvastamountsofinformationandexecutingamultitudeoffunctionsrangingfrombasicsurvivalinstinctstoabstractthought.However,despitedecadesofresearch,scientistshaveonlybeguntoscratchthesurfaceofunderstandingitsintricateworkings.Oneofthegreatestchallengesinneuroscienceliesinthefactthatthebrainiscomposedoftrillionsofneuronsinterconnectedinadenseanddynamicnetwork.Eachneuroncancommunicatewiththousandsofothers,formingintricatecircuitsthatunderlieourthoughts,emotions,andbehaviors.Unravelingtheseconnections,oftenreferredtoasthe"connectome,"iscrucialforcomprehendinghowthebrainfunctionsinhealthanddisease.Recentadvancementsintechnology,particularlyinimagingandcomputationalmethods,haveprovidedresearcherswithpowerfultoolstovisualizeandanalyzeneuralactivity.Techniquessuchasfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)andelectroencephalography(EEG)allowscientiststoobservebrainactivityinreal-time,albeitwithacertainlevelofresolutionlimitation.Furthermore,thedevelopmentofsophisticatedalgorithmsandmachinelearningmodelshasenabledtheanalysisofmassivedatasetsgeneratedbytheseimagingtechniques,leadingtonewinsightsintothepatternsofneuralactivityassociatedwithvariouscognitiveprocesses.Despitetheseprogresses,thequesttofullymapthehumanconnectomeandunderstanditsfunctionalsignificanceremainsaformidabletask.Thesheercomplexityofthebrain'sneuralnetwork,withitsvastnumberofneuronsandconnections,posessignificantcomputationalandanalyticalchallenges.Moreover,interpretingthefunctionalsignificanceofobservedneuralactivitypatternsrequiresadeepunderstandingoftheunderlyingneuralmechanismsandthecognitiveprocessestheyrepresent.Onlythroughcontinuedinterdisciplinarycollaborationandthedevelopmentofinnovativeresearchmethodscanwehopetounlockthefullpotentialofthehumanbrainandgainacomprehensiveunderstandingofitsworkings.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarychallengementionedinthepassageregardingthestudyofthehumanbrain?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatadvancementshavecontributedtoourunderstandingofneuralactivity?3.Whatdoestheterm"connectome"refertointhecontextofneuroscience?4.Whataspectofthebrain'sneuralnetworkishighlightedasparticularlycomplexandchallengingtoanalyze?Passage2Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hasbroughtabouttransformativechangesacrossnumerousindustries,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.WhileAIoffersnumerousbenefits,suchasincreasedefficiency,improveddecision-making,andenhancedproductivity,italsoraisessignificantethicalandsocietalconcernsthatmustbecarefullyaddressed.OneofthemostpressingethicalissuessurroundingAIisthepotentialforjobdisplacement.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans,thereisaconcernthatwidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjoblossesinvarioussectors.AnothercriticalconcernistheissueofbiasandfairnessinAIalgorithms.AIsystemsaretrainedonlargedatasets,andifthesedatasetsarebiasedorunrepresentative,theresultingalgorithmsmayperpetuateandevenamplifyexistingsocietalbiases.Thiscanhaveseriousconsequences,particularlyinareassuchashiring,loanapplications,andcriminaljustice,whereAIdecisionscanhavesignificantimpactsonpeople'slives.EnsuringthatAIsystemsarefair,transparent,andaccountableisthereforeessentialforbuildingtrustandmitigatingpotentialharms.Furthermore,therapidpaceofAIdevelopmentanddeploymentposeschallengesforpolicymakersandregulators.KeepingpacewiththerapidevolutionofAItechnologyrequiresaflexibleandadaptiveregulatoryframeworkthatcanbalanceinnovationwiththeneedtoprotectindividualsandsociety.ThisincludesdevelopingguidelinesfortheethicaluseofAI,promotingtransparencyandaccountabilityinAIsystems,andfosteringpublicdialogueandengagementonAI-relatedissues.Onlythroughacollaborativeeffortinvolvingresearchers,industryleaders,policymakers,andthepubliccanweensurethatAIisdevelopedandusedinawaythatbenefitssocietyasawhole.Questions:5.WhataresomeofthebenefitsofAImentionedinthepassage?6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernregardingthepotentialjobdisplacementcausedbyAI?7.WhatissueishighlightedasasignificantchallengeinthedevelopmentofAIalgorithms?8.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisnecessaryforeffectiveregulationofAI?Passage3Sustainableagricultureisacriticalcomponentofensuringfoodsecurityandenvironmentalstabilityinthefaceofglobalpopulationgrowthandclimatechange.Traditionalagriculturalpractices,whileproductive,oftenrelyheavilyonresourcessuchaswater,land,andenergy,andcanhavesignificantenvironmentalimpacts,includingsoildegradation,waterpollution,andgreenhousegasemissions.Sustainableagricultureseekstoaddressthesechallengesbypromotingpracticesthatareenvironmentallyfriendly,economicallyviable,andsociallyequitable.Oneofthekeyprinciplesofsustainableagricultureistheconservationandenhancementofnaturalresources.Thisincludespracticessuchascroprotation,covercropping,andtheuseoforganicfertilizers,whichcanhelptoimprovesoilhealth,reduceerosion,andminimizetheneedforsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides.Anotherimportantprincipleistheintegrationoflivestockandcropproduction,whichcanhelptocreatemoreefficientandresilientagriculturalsystems.Forexample,animalmanurecanbeusedasanaturalfertilizer,whilecropresiduescanbeusedasanimalfeed,creatingaclosed-loopsystemthatminimizeswasteandreducestheneedforexternalinputs.Despitethenumerousbenefitsofsustainableagriculture,itsadoptionhasfacedseveralchallenges.Theseincludethehighinitialcostsofimplementingsustainablepractices,thelackoftechnicalknowledgeandtrainingforfarmers,andthelimitedavailabilityofmarketsforsustainablyproducedgoods.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includinggovernmentpoliciesthatsupportsustainableagriculture,investmentinresearchanddevelopmenttoimprovesustainablepractices,andconsumereducationtoincreasedemandforsustainablyproducedfood.Bypromotingsustainableagriculture,wecancreateamorefood-secure,environmentallysound,andsociallyequitableagriculturalsystemforthefuture.Questions:9.Whataresomeoftheenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwithtraditionalagriculturalpractices?10.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomekeyprinciplesofsustainableagriculture?11.Whatchallengeshavehinderedtheadoptionofsustainableagriculturalpractices?12.Whatroledoesconsumerdemandplayinpromotingsustainableagriculture?Passage4Theculturallandscapeofanysocietyisshapedbyacomplexinterplayofhistorical,social,andeconomicfactors.Oneofthemostsignificantinfluencesonculturaldevelopmentisthehistoricalcontextinwhichasocietyexists.Thelegacyofpastevents,institutions,andtraditionscanhaveaprofoundimpactonthevalues,beliefs,andbehaviorsofcontemporarysociety.Forexample,thehistoricalexperienceofcolonialismhasleftalastingimpactontheculturallandscapesofmanyformercolonies,shapingsocialhierarchies,politicalsystems,andculturalidentities.Socialfactorsalsoplayacrucialroleinshapingculturallandscapes.Thecompositionofasociety,includingitsdemographicmakeup,socialstructures,andgroupdynamics,caninfluencethedevelopmentandexpressionofculturalpractices.Forinstance,thediversityofasocietycanleadtoarichtapestryofculturaltraditionsandpractices,whilesocialinequalitiescancreateculturaldivisionsandtensions.Additionally,socialmovementsandcollectiveactionscandriveculturalchangebychallengingexistingnormsandpromotingnewvaluesandbeliefs.Economicfactorsareanotherkeydeterminantofculturallandscapes.Theeconomicsystemsandpracticesofasocietycaninfluencethetypesofculturalactivitiesthataresupportedandvalued.Forexample,societieswithstrongeconomiesmayinvestmoreinthearts,education,andculturalheritagepreservation,whileeconomichardshipmayleadtotheneglectofculturalinstitutions.Furthermore,economicglobalizationcanleadtothespreadofculturalproductsandideasacrossborders,creatingbothopportunitiesforculturalexchangeandchallengesforculturalpreservation.Understandingtheinterplayofthesefactorsisessentialforcomprehendingtheculturallandscapeofanysociety.Byexaminingthehistorical,social,andeconomiccontextsthatshapeculturaldevelopment,wecangaininsightsintothevalues,beliefs,andpracticesthatdefineasocietyanditspeople.Thisunderstandingiscrucialforfosteringculturalawareness,promotingcross-culturaldialogue,andbuildingmoreinclusiveandharmonioussocieties.Questions:13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisasignificantinfluenceonculturaldevelopment?14.Howdosocialfactorscontributetoshapingculturallandscapes?15.Whatroledoeconomicfactorsplayininfluencingculturalactivities?1