2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解押題密卷深度解析匯編考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，回答問題。ATherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)haspromptedwidespreadspeculationaboutitsfutureimpactonthejobmarket.WhilesomeenvisionafuturewhereAI取而代humanworkersonalargescale,othersarguethatitwillprimarilyaugmenthumancapabilities,creatingnewrolesandtransformingexistingones.ThisdebatehingesonunderstandingthenatureofAI'scapabilitiesandtheadaptabilityofthehumanworkforce.Proponentsoftheautomationargumentoftenpointtosectorsheavilyreliantonrepetitiveordata-intensivetasks.Inmanufacturing,forinstance,robotsequippedwithAIcanperformassemblylineoperationswithgreaterprecisionandspeedthanhumans.Similarly,indataanalysis,AIalgorithmscanprocessvastdatasetsandidentifypatternsfarmoreefficientlythanhumananalysts.SuchcapabilitiessuggestthatAIcouldeventuallydisplacehumanworkersintheseareas,leadingtosignificantjoblosses.However,criticsofthisviewemphasizethecomplementaryrelationshipbetweenAIandhumans.TheyarguethatAIexcelsattasksrequiringspeedanddataprocessing,whilehumanspossessuniquequalitiessuchascreativity,emotionalintelligence,andcomplexproblem-solvingskills.Thesehuman-centricabilitiesaredifficult,ifnotimpossible,forAItoreplicatefully.Therefore,ratherthanreplacinghumans,AIismorelikelytoworkalongsidethem,enhancingproductivityandenablinghumanstofocusonhigher-leveltasks.Thehistoryoftechnologicalinnovationsuggestsapatternofjobdisplacementfollowedbythecreationofnewopportunities.DuringtheIndustrialRevolution,forexample,theintroductionofmachinerydisplacedmanyagrarianworkersbutalsogaverisetonewindustriesandprofessions.Similarly,thedigitalrevolutiontransformedthejobmarket,eliminatingsomeroleswhilecreatingothersinfieldslikesoftwaredevelopmentanddigitalmarketing.AIislikelytofollowthistrend,reshapingthejoblandscaperatherthanerasingit.DespitethepotentialforAItocreatenewjobs,therearelegitimateconcernsaboutthedistributionoftheseopportunities.TheskillsrequiredforAI-drivenrolesmaydiffersignificantlyfromthoseneededintraditionalindustries,potentiallyleavingsomeworkersbehind.Moreover,thetransitionperiodmayinvolveshort-termjoblossesandtheneedforreskillingorupskilling.Policymakersmustaddressthesechallengesbyinvestingineducationandtrainingprogramsthatpreparetheworkforceforthedemandsofthefuture.Ultimately,theimpactofAIonthejobmarketwilldependonhowsocietyadaptstothesetechnologicalchanges.IfhumansandAIareintegratedeffectively,thebenefitscouldbesubstantial,leadingtoincreasedproductivity,innovation,andnewopportunities.However,ifthetransitionispoorlymanaged,itcouldexacerbateinequalitiesandleavecertainsegmentsofthepopulationatadisadvantage.ThepathforwardrequiresabalancedapproachthatleveragesAI'spotentialwhilesafeguardinghumanemployment.Questions:1.WhatisthemaincharacteristicofthedebateregardingAI'simpactonthejobmarket?2.Accordingtoproponentsofautomation,inwhichsectorscouldAImostlikelydisplacehumanworkers?3.WhathumanqualitiesarehighlightedasbeingdifficultforAItoreplicatefully?4.HowdoestheauthorcomparetheimpactofAItoprevioustechnologicalinnovations?5.WhatistheprimaryconcernregardingthecreationofnewjobsdrivenbyAI?6.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestasanecessaryconditionformaximizingthebenefitsofAIwhileminimizingitspotentialnegativeeffects?BTheconceptof"well-being"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasameasureofsocietalsuccess,movingbeyondtraditionaleconomicindicatorslikeGDPtoencompassbroaderaspectsofhumanflourishing.Whilethedefinitionofwell-beingcanvaryacrossculturesandindividuals,itgenerallyincludeselementssuchasphysicalhealth,mentalhealth,socialconnections,andasenseofpurpose.Oneofthekeychallengesinmeasuringwell-beingisitssubjectivenature.Unlikeeconomicdata,whichcanbequantifiedwithrelativeease,well-beinginvolvescomplexemotionalandpsychologicalstatesthataredifficulttomeasureobjectively.Forinstance,howdoesonequantifythefeelingofhappinessorthesenseofbelonging?Despitethesedifficulties,researchershavedevelopedvariousframeworkstoassesswell-being,suchastheWorldHealthOrganization's(WHO)FiveDimensionsofWell-being,whichincludefeelingwell,functioningwell,havinggoodhealth,havinggoodrelationships,andhavingmeaningandpurposeinlife.Anotherchallengeistheinterplaybetweenindividualandcollectivewell-being.Whileindividualwell-beingisoftenseenasapersonalgoal,thewell-beingofasocietyasawholecaninfluenceindividualexperiences.Forexample,acommunitywithstrongsocialsupportnetworksandaccesstoresourcesmaycontributetohigherlevelsofindividualwell-being.Conversely,societalissuessuchaspoverty,inequality,andenvironmentaldegradationcannegativelyimpactindividualmentalandphysicalhealth.Therefore,policiesaimedatimprovingwell-beingshouldconsiderbothindividualandcollectivedimensions.Advancesintechnologyhavealsopresentednewopportunitiesforenhancingwell-being.Digitalplatformsandmobileapplications,forinstance,canprovideaccesstomentalhealthresources,fitnesstrackerscanpromotephysicalactivity,andsocialmediacanfacilitateconnectionswithothers.However,thesetechnologiesalsoposechallenges,suchasthepotentialforincreasedscreentimetonegativelyaffectmentalhealthortheriskofcyberbullyingandonlineharassment.Therefore,itiscrucialtodevelopandimplementtechnologiesinwaysthatsupportwell-being.Integratingwell-beingintopolicy-makingrequiresamultidisciplinaryapproach.Economists,psychologists,sociologists,andpolicymakersmustcollaboratetodevelopstrategiesthataddressthecomplexfactorsinfluencingwell-being.Thisincludesnotonlyeconomicpoliciesthatpromoteequitableresourcedistributionbutalsosocialpoliciesthatfostercommunityengagementandmentalhealthsupport.Byadoptingaholisticviewofwell-being,societiescanworktowardscreatingenvironmentsthatsupporttheflourishingofalltheirmembers.Thegrowingemphasisonwell-beingreflectsabroadershiftinsocietalvalues,movingawayfromapurelymaterialisticfocustowardsamorebalancedconsiderationofhumanhappinessandfulfillment.Astheunderstandingofwell-beingcontinuestoevolve,itislikelytoinfluencehowwemeasureprogress,designpolicies,andpursueabetterqualityoflife.Questions:7.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesmeasuringwell-beingchallenging?8.Howdoesthepassagedescribetherelationshipbetweenindividualandcollectivewell-being?9.Whatexamplesdoesthepassageprovideofhowtechnologycanenhancewell-being?10.Whatisemphasizedasakeyrequirementforintegratingwell-beingintopolicy-making?11.Whatbroadersocietalshiftdoesthepassagesuggestisoccurringinrelationtowell-being?12.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthelikelyfutureimpactofthegrowingemphasisonwell-being?CUrbanizationhasbeenoneofthedefiningtrendsofthe21stcentury,withanincreasingnumberofpeoplemovingtocitiesinsearchofbettereconomicopportunities,education,andhealthcare.Whilecitiesoffernumerousadvantages,theyalsopresentsignificantchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedtoensuresustainableandequitabledevelopment.Oneoftheprimarychallengesofurbanizationisthestrainitplacesoninfrastructure.Ascitiesgrow,thereisagrowingdemandforhousing,transportation,water,andenergy.Meetingthesedemandswithoutcausingfurtherenvironmentaldegradationrequiresinnovativeurbanplanningandtheadoptionofsustainabletechnologies.Forexample,thedevelopmentofsmartcities,whichusedataandtechnologytooptimizeresourceuseandimprovequalityoflife,couldhelpmitigatesomeofthenegativeimpactsofurbanization.Anothersignificantchallengeisthesocialandeconomicdisparitiesthatoftenaccompanyurbanization.Whilecitiescanoffereconomicopportunities,theycanalsoexacerbateincomeinequalityandcreateslumswithpoorlivingconditions.Accesstoqualityeducation,healthcare,andotheressentialservicesmaybelimitedforcertainsegmentsofthepopulation,leadingtosocialexclusion.Addressingthesedisparitiesrequirestargetedpoliciesthatpromoteinclusivegrowthandensurethatthebenefitsofurbanizationaresharedwidely.Environmentalsustainabilityisanothercriticalissue.Citiesaremajorcontributorstoglobalclimatechange,pollution,andresourcedepletion.Theconcentrationofpeopleandactivitiesinurbanareasleadstoincreasedenergyconsumption,wastegeneration,andcarbonemissions.Toaddresstheseissues,citiesneedtoadoptsustainablepracticessuchaspromotingpublictransportation,increasinggreenspaces,andinvestinginrenewableenergysources.Additionally,urbanplanningshouldprioritizethedevelopmentofcompact,mixed-useneighborhoodsthatreducetheneedforlong-distancetravel.Thehealthandwell-beingofurbanresidentsarealsoaffectedbyurbanization.Thefast-paced,high-stressenvironmentofcitiescanleadtomentalhealthissuessuchasanxietyanddepression.Airpollution,noisepollution,andthelackofgreenspacescanalsohavenegativeimpactsonphysicalhealth.Therefore,urbanplanningshouldprioritizethecreationofhealthy,livablecitiesthatprovideresidentswithaccesstogreenspaces,recreationalfacilities,andmentalhealthsupport.Finally,urbanizationalsoraisesquestionsaboutthepreservationofculturalheritage.Ascitiesexpand,historicalbuildingsandneighborhoodsmaybedestroyedtomakewayfornewdevelopments.Thiscanleadtoalossofculturalidentityandasenseofdisconnectionfromthepast.Therefore,urbanplanningshouldincludemeasurestopreserveandprotectculturalheritage,ensuringthatcitiescontinuetoreflecttheiruniquehistoryandtraditions.Questions:13.Whatisthemainchallengehighlightedregardinginfrastructureinthecontextofurbanization?14.Accordingtothepassage,howcanurbanizationexacerbatesocialandeconomicdisparities?15.Whatenvironmentalissuesareassociatedwithurbanization,andhowcantheybeaddressed?16.Howdoesthepassagedescribetheimpactofurbanizationonthehealthandwell-beingofurbanresidents?17.Whatconcernisraisedregardingculturalheritageinthecontextofurbanization?DTheriseofsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredthewaypeoplecommunicate,shareinformation,andinteractwithoneanother.Whilesocialmediahasnumerousbenefits,suchasfacilitatingconnectionsacrossdistancesandprovidingplatformsforsocialandpoliticalactivism,italsoraisessignificantconcernsaboutitsimpactonmentalhealth,privacy,andsocietalcohesion.Oneofthemostwidelydiscussedconcernsistheimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealth.Studieshaveshownthatexcessiveuseofsocialmediacanleadtoincreasedfeelingsofanxiety,depression,andloneliness.Theconstantcomparisontoothers'idealizedlives,aspresentedonsocialmediaplatforms,canleadtofeelingsofinadequacyandlowself-esteem.Additionally,thepressuretomaintainaperfectonlineimagecanbestressfulandleadtomentalhealthissues.Privacyisanothermajorconcern.Socialmediaplatformscollectvastamountsofpersonaldatafromtheirusers,whichcanbeusedfortargetedadvertisingorevensoldtothirdparties.Thisraisesquestionsaboutdatasecurityandthepotentialformisuseofpersonalinformation.Moreover,thelackofcontroloverhowpersonaldataisusedcanleadtofeelingsofvulnerabilityandmistrust.Theimpactofsocialmediaonsocietalcohesionisalsoasubjectofdebate.Whilesocialmediacanfacilitatetheorganizationofsocialandpoliticalmovements,itcanalsocontributetothespreadofmisinformationandthepolarizationofopinions.Theechochambersandfilterbubblescreatedbysocialmediaalgorithmscanreinforceexistingbeliefsandmakeitdifficultforpeopletoengageinconstructivedialoguewiththosewhoholddifferentviews.Thiscanleadtoincreasedsocialdivisionandadeclineintrustininstitutions.Despitetheseconcerns,socialmediaalsooffersopportunitiesforpositivechange.Theabilitytoconnectwithothersandshareinformationhasdemocratizedthecreationanddisseminationofcontent,allowingvoicesthatmightotherwisebemarginalizedtobeheard.Socialmediacanalsobeusedtoraiseawarenessaboutimportantissues,mobilizesupportforsocialcauses,andfacilitatecommunitybuilding.Thechallenge,therefore,liesinharnessingthebenefitsofsocialmediawhilemitigatingitspotentialharms.Thisrequiresamultifacetedapproachthatincludesbothindividualresponsibilityandregulatorymeasures.Usersneedtobeeducatedaboutthepotentialrisksofsocialmediaandhowtouseitresponsibly.Additionally,socialmediaplatformsneedtoimplementpoliciesthatprotectuserprivacy,promotemedialiteracy,andreducethespreadofmisinformation.Questions:18.Whatistheprimaryconcernregardingtheimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealth?19.Howdoesthepassagedescribetheissueofprivacyonsocialmediaplatforms?20.Whateffectcansocialmediaalgorithmshaveonsocietalcohesion?21.Accordingtothepassage,whatopportunitiesdoessocialmediaofferforpositivechange?22.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasanecessaryapproachtoaddressthechallengesposedbysocialmedia?第二部分寫作假設(shè)你是李華，你的學(xué)校計(jì)劃舉辦一場(chǎng)以“環(huán)保與校園生活”為主題的英語演講比賽。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇演講稿，準(zhǔn)備在比賽中發(fā)言。1.闡述環(huán)保的重要性，特別是在校園環(huán)境中。2.列舉至少兩項(xiàng)你校為環(huán)保做出的努力，并簡(jiǎn)述其效果。3.呼吁同學(xué)們積極參與校園環(huán)保活動(dòng)，提出至少一條具體的建議。第三部分翻譯將下面的英文段落翻譯成中文：Theglobalclimatechangeposesaseverethreattobiodiversity,asrisingtemperaturesandshiftingweatherpatternsdisruptecosystemsandhabitats.Manyspeciesarestrugglingtoadapttotheserapidchanges,leadingtoadeclineinpopulationnumbersandanincreaseinextinctionrisks.Protectingbiodiversityisnotonlyanenvironmentalissuebutalsoamatterofglobalsecurityandeconomicstability.Thelossofspeciescanhavecascadingeffectsonecosystems,disruptingfoodchainsandaffectingtheprovisionofecosystemservicessuchaspollinationandwaterpurification.Urgentandcoordinatedactionsareneededatalllevels,fromindividualconservationeffortstointernationalagreements,tomitigatetheimpactsofclimatechangeandpreservetheplanet'srichbiodiversityforfuturegenerations.---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解A1.ThedebatecentersonwhetherAIwillprimarilyreplacehumanworkersoraugmenthumancapabilities,creatingnewrolesandtransformingexistingones.**解析思路*：文章首段明確指出，關(guān)于AI對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的影響存在兩種主要觀點(diǎn)，即“取代”和“增強(qiáng)”，并指出辯論的核心（hingeson）就在于這兩種可能性。題目問的是“辯論的主要特征”，即核心分歧點(diǎn)，對(duì)應(yīng)此意。2.AIcouldmostlikelydisplacehumanworkersinsectorsreliantonrepetitiveordata-intensivetasks,suchasmanufacturinganddataanalysis.**解析思路*：文章第二段論述了自動(dòng)化論點(diǎn)的支持者觀點(diǎn)，明確提到他們指出哪些領(lǐng)域的工種可能被AI取代。該段提到制造業(yè)的重復(fù)性操作和數(shù)據(jù)分析領(lǐng)域的密集數(shù)據(jù)處理任務(wù)，AI在這些方面表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于人類，因此這些是AI最可能取代人類工作的領(lǐng)域。3.HumanqualitieshighlightedasdifficultforAItoreplicatefullyincludecreativity,emotionalintelligence,andcomplexproblem-solvingskills.**解析思路*：文章第三段批評(píng)了自動(dòng)化論點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了AI無法完全復(fù)制人類的獨(dú)特能力。該段明確列舉了創(chuàng)造力（creativity）、情商（emotionalintelligence）和復(fù)雜問題解決能力（complexproblem-solvingskills）作為人類擁有的、AI難以企及的特質(zhì)。4.TheauthorcomparestheimpactofAItoprevioustechnologicalinnovationsbydrawingananalogywiththeIndustrialRevolutionandthedigitalrevolution,suggestingthatAIwillsimilarlyreshapethejoblandscaperatherthaneraseit.**解析思路*：文章第四段通過歷史類比來論證AI的影響。作者明確提到，就像工業(yè)革命和數(shù)字革命一樣，AI也會(huì)重塑就業(yè)市場(chǎng)（reshapethejoblandscape），而不是完全消除工作（eraseit）。題目要求說明作者是如何比較的，需要概括這段的類比內(nèi)容和結(jié)論。5.TheprimaryconcernregardingthecreationofnewjobsdrivenbyAIisthepotentialmismatchbetweentheskillsrequiredforthesejobsandtheexistingskillsoftheworkforce,potentiallyleadingtojobdisplacementduringthetransition.**解析思路*：文章第五段指出了關(guān)于AI創(chuàng)造新工作的主要擔(dān)憂。該段提到的問題是新工作所需的技能（skillsrequired）可能與勞動(dòng)力的現(xiàn)有技能（existingskills）不匹配（mismatch），這可能導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)型期間的失業(yè)（jobdisplacement）。這對(duì)應(yīng)了技能不匹配導(dǎo)致失業(yè)的擔(dān)憂。6.TheauthorsuggeststhatanecessaryconditionformaximizingthebenefitsofAIwhileminimizingitspotentialnegativeeffectsistheeffectiveintegrationofhumansandAI.**解析思路*：文章最后一段提出了實(shí)現(xiàn)AI利益最大化和負(fù)面影響最小化的必要條件。該段強(qiáng)調(diào)，如果人類和AI能有效融合（integratedeffectively），就能獲得巨大好處。因此，有效融合是作者認(rèn)為的必要條件。B7.Measuringwell-beingischallengingprimarilybecauseitissubjective,involvingcomplexemotionalandpsychologicalstatesthataredifficulttoquantifyobjectively,suchashappinessorasenseofbelonging.**解析思路*：文章第一段首句指出“well-being”具有主觀性（subjectivenature），并接著解釋了原因：涉及復(fù)雜的情感和心理狀態(tài)（complexemotionalandpsychologicalstates），難以客觀量化（difficulttomeasureobjectively），例如幸福感和歸屬感。題目問的是挑戰(zhàn)所在，即主觀性和量化困難。8.Thepassagedescribestherelationshipbetweenindividualandcollectivewell-beingasinterconnected,wheresocietalfactors(likesocialsupportorinequality)cansignificantlyinfluenceindividualwell-being,andviceversa.**解析思路*：文章第二段明確論述了個(gè)體與集體福祉的關(guān)系。該段提到個(gè)體福祉（individualwell-being）是個(gè)人目標(biāo)，但社會(huì)福祉（societalwell-being）會(huì)影響個(gè)體體驗(yàn)；反之，社會(huì)問題（如貧困、不平等）也會(huì)影響個(gè)體健康。這表明兩者相互關(guān)聯(lián)、相互影響。題目要求描述這種關(guān)系，需概括此段的邏輯。9.Examplesofhowtechnologycanenhancewell-beingmentionedinthepassageincludedigitalplatformsprovidingmentalhealthresources,fitnesstrackerspromotingphysicalactivity,andsocialmediafacilitatingconnectionswithothers.**解析思路*：文章第三段列舉了技術(shù)提升福祉的例子。該段明確提到了：數(shù)字平臺(tái)提供心理健康資源（digitalplatforms...mentalhealthresources）、健身追蹤器促進(jìn)體育活動(dòng)（fitnesstrackers...physicalactivity）、社交媒體促進(jìn)人際連接（socialmedia...facilitatingconnections）。題目要求舉例，需從文中找出這些例子。10.Thekeyrequirementforintegratingwell-beingintopolicy-making,asemphasizedinthepassage,isamultidisciplinaryapproachinvolvingcollaborationamongeconomists,psychologists,sociologists,andpolicymakerstoaddressthecomplexfactorsinfluencingwell-being.**解析思路*：文章第四段闡述了將福祉融入政策制定的要求。該段明確指出需要“多學(xué)科方法”（multidisciplinaryapproach），涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、心理學(xué)家、社會(huì)學(xué)家和政策制定者合作（collaborate），共同應(yīng)對(duì)影響福祉的復(fù)雜因素。題目要求的關(guān)鍵要求即為此。11.Thepassagesuggeststhatabroadersocietalshiftoccurringinrelationtowell-beingisamoveawayfromapurelymaterialisticfocustowardsamorebalancedconsiderationofhumanhappinessandfulfillment.**解析思路*：文章最后一段指出，對(duì)福祉日益增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)注反映了“社會(huì)價(jià)值觀的轉(zhuǎn)變”（societalvaluesshift）。該段明確描述這種轉(zhuǎn)變是從“純粹的物質(zhì)主義焦點(diǎn)”（purelymaterialisticfocus）轉(zhuǎn)向“更平衡地考慮人類的幸福和圓滿”（morebalancedconsiderationofhumanhappinessandfulfillment）。題目要求指出這種更宏觀的轉(zhuǎn)變。12.Accordingtotheauthor,thelikelyfutureimpactofthegrowingemphasisonwell-beingisthatitwillinfluencehowwemeasureprogress,designpolicies,andpursueabetterqualityoflife.**解析思路*：文章最后一段結(jié)尾處指出，隨著對(duì)福祉理解的不斷深化，它將“影響我們衡量進(jìn)步、制定政策以及追求更美好生活的方式”（influencehowwemeasureprogress,designpolicies,andpursueabetterqualityoflife）。這表明了日益重視福祉的潛在未來影響。C13.Themainchallengehighlightedregardinginfrastructureinthecontextofurbanizationisthestrainitplacesonexistingresources(housing,transportation,water,energy)ascitiesgrow,requiringinnovativeplanningandsustainabletechnologiestomeetdemandswithoutcausingfurtherenvironmentaldegradation.**解析思路*：文章第一段討論了城市化帶來的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的壓力。該段指出，城市增長(zhǎng)（citiesgrow）對(duì)住房、交通、水和能源等現(xiàn)有資源造成壓力（strain），需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新的規(guī)劃（innovativeurbanplanning）和可持續(xù)技術(shù)（sustainabletechnologies）來滿足需求（meetthesedemands）并避免進(jìn)一步的環(huán)境退化（withoutcausingfurtherenvironmentaldegradation）。題目問的是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的主要挑戰(zhàn)，即資源壓力及應(yīng)對(duì)需求。14.Accordingtothepassage,urbanizationcanexacerbatesocialandeconomicdisparitiesbycreatinginequalitiesinaccesstoqualityeducation,healthcare,andotheressentialservices,oftenleadingtotheformationofslumswithpoorlivingconditionsandsocialexclusionforcertainsegmentsofthepopulation.**解析思路*：文章第二段論述了城市化的另一個(gè)顯著挑戰(zhàn)是加劇社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等。該段明確提到，城市化可能導(dǎo)致（canleadto）獲取優(yōu)質(zhì)教育、醫(yī)療保健和其他基本服務(wù)的不平等（inequalitiesinaccess），這可能導(dǎo)致（leadingto）形成居住條件差（poorlivingconditions）的貧民窟（slums）和社會(huì)排斥（socialexclusion），影響特定人群（certainsegmentsofthepopulation）。題目要求說明如何加劇不平等，需概括此段的機(jī)制和結(jié)果。15.Theenvironmentalissuesassociatedwithurbanization,asmentionedinthepassage,includeclimatechangecontribution,pollution(airandnoise),andresourcedepletion.Thesecanbeaddressedbyadoptingsustainablepracticessuchaspromotingpublictransport,increasinggreenspaces,andinvestinginrenewableenergysources,alongwithcompact,mixed-useurbanplanning.**解析思路*：文章第三段討論了城市化的環(huán)境可持續(xù)性問題。該段列舉了環(huán)境問題：城市是全球氣候變化的主要貢獻(xiàn)者（majorcontributorstoglobalclimatechange）、污染（pollution，包括空氣和噪音）、資源消耗（resourcedepletion）。接著，該段提出了應(yīng)對(duì)措施：可持續(xù)實(shí)踐（sustainablepractices），如推廣公共交通、增加綠地、投資可再生能源，以及緊湊型、混合用途的城市規(guī)劃（compact,mixed-useurbanplanning）。題目要求說明問題及解決方式。16.Thepassagedescribestheimpactofurbanizationonthehealthandwell-beingofurbanresidentsaspotentiallynegative,duetofactorssuchasthefast-paced,high-stressenvironmentleadingtomentalhealthissues(anxiety,depression),andexposuretopollutionandlackofgreenspacesaffectingphysicalhealth.**解析思路*：文章第四段討論了城市化對(duì)居民健康和福祉的影響。該段指出影響可能是負(fù)面的（potentiallynegative），原因包括：快節(jié)奏、高壓力環(huán)境（fast-paced,high-stressenvironment）導(dǎo)致心理健康問題（mentalhealthissues，如焦慮和抑郁）；暴露于污染（exposuretopollution）和缺乏綠地（lackofgreenspaces）影響身體健康（affectingphysicalhealth）。題目要求描述這種影響，需概括此段的負(fù)面影響及其原因。17.Theconcernraisedregardingculturalheritageinthecontextofurbanizationisthepotentialdestructionofhistoricalbuildingsandneighborhoodsduetourbanexpansion,leadingtoalossofculturalidentityandasenseofdisconnectionfromthepast.**解析思路*：文章最后一段提出了關(guān)于文化遺產(chǎn)的擔(dān)憂。該段明確指出，城市擴(kuò)張（urbanexpansion）可能導(dǎo)致（mayleadto）為了新建發(fā)展而破壞（destroy）歷史建筑和街區(qū)（historicalbuildingsandneighborhoods）。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致（leadingto）文化認(rèn)同的喪失（lossofculturalidentity）和對(duì)過去的隔閡感（senseofdisconnectionfromthepast）。題目要求指出對(duì)文化遺產(chǎn)的擔(dān)憂，即破壞及其后果。D18.Theprimaryconcernregardingtheimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealth,asdescribedinthepassage,isthatexcessiveusecanleadtoincreasedfeelingsofanxiety,depression,loneliness,lowself-esteem,andstressduetosocialcomparisonandthepressuretomaintainaperfectonlineimage.**解析思路*：文章第一段明確指出了關(guān)于社交媒體對(duì)心理健康的主要擔(dān)憂。該段提到，過度使用（excessiveuse）會(huì)導(dǎo)致（canleadto）焦慮（anxiety）、抑郁（depression）、孤獨(dú)（loneliness）、自尊低下（lowself-esteem）和壓力（stress）。原因包括與他人理想化生活的比較（constantcomparison）和維持完美在線形象的壓力（pressuretomaintainaperfectonlineimage）。題目問的是主要擔(dān)憂，即過度使用導(dǎo)致這些負(fù)面情緒和壓力。19.Theissueofprivacyonsocialmediaplatforms,asdescribedinthepassage,involvesthecollectionofvastamountsofpersonaldatabyplatforms,whichcanbeusedfortargetedadvertisingorsoldtothirdparties,raisingquestionsaboutdatasecurity,potentialmisuse,anduservulnerability.**解析思路*：文章第二段論述了隱私問題。該段指出平臺(tái)收集大量個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)（vastamountsofpersonaldata），這些數(shù)據(jù)可能被用于（canbeusedfor）定向廣告（targetedadvertising）或出售給第三方（soldtothirdparties）。這引發(fā)了（raisesquestionsabout）數(shù)據(jù)安全（datasecurity）、潛在濫用（potentialmisuse）以及用戶脆弱性（uservulnerability）等問題。題目要求描述隱私問題，需概括此段的機(jī)制和擔(dān)憂。20.Theeffectsocialmediaalgorithmscanhaveonsocietalcohesion,asmentionedinthepassage,istocontributetothespreadofmisinformationandthepolarizationofopinionsbycreatingechochambersandfilterbubbles,whichreinforceexistingbeliefsandhinderconstructivedialogue.**解析思路*：文章第三段討論了社交媒體算法對(duì)社會(huì)凝聚力的影響。該段明確提到算法的效應(yīng)：助長(zhǎng)（contributeto）錯(cuò)誤信息的傳播（spreadofmisinformation）和觀點(diǎn)極化（polarizationofopinions）。機(jī)制是創(chuàng)建回聲室（echochambers）和過濾氣泡（filterbubbles），這些會(huì)強(qiáng)化現(xiàn)有信念（reinforceexistingbeliefs）并阻礙（hinder）建設(shè)性對(duì)話（constructivedialogue）。題目要求描述這種影響，即極化和阻礙對(duì)話。21.Accordingtothepassage,opportunitiesofferedbysocialmediaforpositivechangeincludedemocratizingcontentcreationanddissemination,allowingmarginalizedvoicestobeheard,raisingawarenessaboutissues,mobilizingsupportforsocialcauses,andfacilitatingcommunitybuilding.**解析思路*：文章第四段指出了社交媒體帶來的積極改變的機(jī)會(huì)。該段提到：內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作和傳播的民主化（democratizingthecreationanddisseminationofcontent），使邊緣聲音被聽到（allowingmarginalizedvoicestobeheard）；提高對(duì)問題的認(rèn)識(shí)（raisingawarenessaboutimportantissues）；為社會(huì)事業(yè)動(dòng)員支持（mobilizesupportforsocialcauses）；促進(jìn)社區(qū)建設(shè)（facilitatingcommunitybuilding）。題目要求列舉這